MR三维稳态进动快速成像序列在内耳扫描中的初步应用研究

目的探讨三维稳态进动快速成像（3D—FIESTA）列在内耳及内听道扫描中的技术及临床应用。资料与方法使用GE Signa HD MR1．5T超导磁共振仪，3D-FIESTA序列，对43名健康志愿者及1例单侧先天性耳聋者行内耳扫描，并行最大强度投影（MIP）、多平面重组（MPR）及表面容积重组（VR）后处理。结果44例共88个部位均能良好地显示内耳及内听道的形态结构。结论3D-FIESTA序列对内耳及内听道的结构显示清晰，具有较高的临床应用价值。     

3D-FIESTA序列在内耳及内听道磁共振检查上的应用

目的:探讨3I-FIESTA序列高分辨率影像在内听道成像技术上的应用.方法:对86例共172只内耳应用3D-FIESTA序列做颞骨的三维容积扫描,采用最大强度投影(MIP)进行后处理,观察由3D-FIESTA序列获得的高分辨率影像对内耳及内听道解剖结构及病变的显示.结果:3D-FIESTA序列扫描及MIP重建对内耳耳蜗、迷路及内听道内神经及血管显示清晰,能够清晰显示病变与周围结构的关系.结论:3D-FIESTA序列可以提供非常好的分辨率,对内耳及内听道充满水的结构及病变显示清晰,在内耳、内耳道和桥脑小脑角区具有较高的临床应用价值.     

探讨MR内耳水成像技术的应用

目的回顾性分析35例怀疑内耳病变患者的内耳MRI水成像特点,探讨磁共振内耳水成像技术的临床应用价值。方法利用西门子公司1.5T超导型扫描机,采用三维快速自旋回波序列(3D-TSE),对35例疑有内耳疾病患者作内耳水成像检查,所有患者均先行常规MR扫描,并行最大信号强度投影MIP及MPR后处理。结果均能满意显示两侧内耳的解剖结构:前庭、耳蜗、半规管、内听道。结论内耳水成像是一种有效且无创的显示双侧内耳膜迷路及内听道精细解剖结构的检查方法,它不仅可以显示内耳膜迷路、内听道的立体解剖结构,而且能够清晰显示其通畅程度,这样就可以帮助临床分析病情,同时为内耳外科手术,尤其是电子耳蜗植入等手术提供重要信息,并在一定程度上可排除一些绝对或相对禁忌症,大大提高手术的准确性。     

人工耳蜗植入术前MR 3D-CISS序列临床价值初探

目的 探讨MR三维积极干预稳态梯度回波(3D-CISS)序列及内听道神经重建在人工耳蜗电极植入术前评估的价值. 资料与方法 对36例无任何耳部外在疾患的感音神经性耳聋预行人工耳蜗电极植入术的患者行脑部MR平扫及应用3D-CISS序列行双侧内听道区同时扫描,采用多平面重组(MPR)及最大强度投影(MIP)进行后处理,观察迷路腔结构完整性及内听道内各神经走行排列情况. 结果 MR 3D-CISS序列结合计算机后处理技术能较好地对迷路腔结构进行重建,较清楚显示结构异常及病变;应用MPR可以较清楚观察到行走于内听道的神经,并能了解其走行及缺失情况. 结论 利用MR 3D-CISS序列及后处理技术对内听道结构显示有独到之处,可为人工耳蜗电极植入术前适应证的评估提供一定帮助.     

内耳膜迷路MR成像技术的初步应用

目的 探讨磁共振内耳膜迷路成像的技术及临床价值。方法利用西门子公司1．0T MAGNETOM IMPACT超导型MR扫描机(软件版本VB33D),采用梯度回波序列中的三维镜像稳态快速成像序列(3D-PSIF),对1例疑有内耳疾病患者和20例健康志愿者作MR内耳膜迷路成像,所有患者均先行常规MR扫描,并行最大信号强度投影(MIP)及多平面重建(MPR)后处理。结果10例先天性感音性耳聋患者中,包括功能性(毛细胞)及器质性(耳硬化)等畸形;20例健康志愿者中,17例均能满意显示双侧内耳膜迷路及内听道的精细解剖结构,2例显示不佳,1例无法显示。结论内耳膜迷路MR成像为一种有效且无创的影像检查方法,它不仅可以显示内耳膜迷路、内听道的立体解剖结构,而且能够清晰显示其通畅程度,这样就可以帮助临床耳科医生分析病情,同时为内耳外科手术,尤其是电子耳蜗植入等手术提供重要信息,并在一定程度上可排除一些绝对或相对禁忌症,大大提高手术的准确性。     

磁共振内耳成像在先天性内耳发育畸形中的诊断应用

目的:探讨磁共振内耳成像在先天性内耳发育畸形中的临床应用价值。方法:18例先天性感音神经性耳聋患者行MRI扫描并进行后处理,主要方法包括多平面重组(MPR)、最大密度投影(MIP)及客积再现技术(VRT)。结果:18例34耳存在内耳畸形。1例2耳Michel畸型;2例3耳共同腔畸形;4例8耳Mondini畸型;8例16耳前庭导水管扩大;3例5耳显示内听道畸形。MRI MPR、MIP及VRT重组图像可以清晰地显示内耳畸形的部位和程度。结论:磁共振内耳成像能清楚、立体显示正常膜迷路和内听道内神经结构,对于内耳畸形的诊断及人工耳蜗植入术前评价有重要价值。     

3T MRI在内耳诊断中的应用

目的:探讨3T磁共振内耳水成像在内耳病变中的应用价值。方法:分析35例3TMRI内耳水成像影像资料。使用快速三维梯度回波序列(3D-FIESTA),采集内耳所在区域内水信号,送图像工作站进行图像三维重建。结果:3D-FIESTA能满意显示内听道及内耳膜迷路的精细解剖结构,最大强度投影(MIP)重建可获得内耳膜迷路立体图像,多平面容积重建技术(MPVR)能三维立体观察膜迷路结构的解剖关系。结论:MR膜迷路成像可为内耳结构提供可靠的影像学解剖依据,具有一定的临床应用价值。     

显示内耳结构的CT后处理技术探讨

目的:探讨螺旋CT后处理技术在内耳的应用及其临床价值.方法:25例患者(50耳)采用16层CT行颞骨容积扫描,于工作站上采用多平面重组(MPR)、表面遮盖法(SSD)、最大密度投影(MIP)和容积再现(VR)等技术进行后处理,观察内耳的结构.结果:VR对内耳的主要结构显示最为清晰,MPR在耳蜗、半规管和内听道的显示上较有优势,SSD和MIP在显示内耳结构上不及前两种方法.结论:VR在内耳CT后处理技术中成像质量最佳,MPR后处理最为方便直观,螺旋CT后处理技术的合理应用,有助于内耳细微结构和相关病变的显示,能为临床提供有价值的诊断依据.     

内听道及内耳结构的正常MRI表现

目的:探讨正常内听道及内耳解剖结构的正常MRI表现.材料和方法:选择40例(80耳)无耳部病变患者,使用GE 1.5T超导型MR成像仪,头部环形线圈或颞下颌线圈FSE序列薄层扫描,用最大强度投影术(MIP)对兴趣区进行多轴位重建,多视角多平面旋转观察内听道及内耳膜迷路结构.结果:全部病例均能满意显示两侧内听道及内耳膜迷路结构,半规管、椭圆囊、球囊、耳蜗管及内听道呈高信号,面听神经呈低信号,半规管直径约1.17～1.40mm,耳蜗高度4.7～4.8mm,蜗底直径7.00～7.5mm,内听道宽度5.5mm左右,面神经、前庭上神经、耳蜗神经、前庭下神经截面直径约0.61～1.1mm.结论:MR水成像技术能立体直观的显示内听道及内耳膜迷路的细微结构,是一个值得重视的成像方法.     

耳部正常结构多层螺旋CT容积重建技术(VR)评估

目的探讨容积重建技术(VR)对耳正常结构的应用价值,并与其他几种后处理技术做比较.资料与方法采用多层螺旋CT(MSCT)机,对20例(40耳)健康志愿者行准直0.5 mm,螺距0.5～0.875 D的螺旋超高分辨率扫描,在此基础上进行VR和MPR、SSD、VE、Ray Sum、MIP/MinIP重建,比较各种重建技术对耳部听小骨及内耳等结构的显示能力.结果 VR对耳部各骨性和膜性精细结构和神经组织均可清晰显示,从显示清晰度来看,依次为VR、MPR、SSD、MIP/MinIP.Ray Sum和VE分别仅对内耳和听小骨显示佳.结论采用MSCT机薄层耳部扫描,VR能从平面和立体直观地显示耳部听小骨及内耳各细微结构,且可全面清晰立体观察膜迷路、前庭及与内听道内面、听神经的关系.     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.