林甸县1995—2000年急性弛缓性麻痹发病率调查分析

目的 为全面了解林甸县急性弛缓性麻痹（AFP）病例发病情况。方法 每年对全县AFP病例进行回顾性调查。结果及结论 1995-2000年15岁以下儿童非脊灰AFP病例调查发病率为0.4/10万-0.8/10万，共漏报2例，漏报主要发生在1995-1997年。男女性别之比为1：1，县级医院漏报较为严重，病例以格林-巴利综合征（GBS），四肢瘫，短暂性肢体麻痹，创伤性神经炎，横贯性脊髓炎，单神经炎为主。     

深圳市2001-2011年残留麻痹的急性弛缓性麻痹病例情况分析

目的了解深圳市2001-2011年残留麻痹的继续弛缓性麻痹(acute flaccid paralysis,AFP)病例流行病特征,提高AFP监测质量。方法对深圳市2001-2011年残留麻痹AFP病例个案资料和病原学检测结果进行描述性流行病学分析。结果深圳市2001-2011年共报告残留麻痹AFP病例60例,主要发生在小年龄组儿童,<3岁的儿童40例,占66.67%;发病高峰为4～8月,男女比例为1.61∶1;麻痹部位以双下肢麻痹较多,其次为四肢肢体麻痹;残留麻痹的AFP病例以疫苗相关病例(VAPP)和格林巴利综合征(GBS)为主,其次为横贯性脊髓炎、创伤性神经炎等。结论 VAPP的发生是接种脊髓灰质炎减毒活疫苗(OPV)难以克服的弱点,为减少VAPP病例及防止脊灰疫苗衍生病毒(VDPV)的发生,应在消灭脊灰后期科学、合理地调整消灭脊灰的免疫策略。     

96例急性迟缓性麻痹病例监测分析

目的：观察急性迟缓性麻痹病例（AFP）在我市的发病状况。方法：对96例急性迟缓性麻痹病人采集48h内粪便进行病毒分离，并进行个案调查与随访。结果：96例中，7例分布于城镇，89例分布于农村；格林-巴利综合征55例（57.3%）-横断性脊髓炎16例（16.6%）、神经炎11例（11.5%）、重症肌无力12例（12.5%）、与疫苗相关的脊髓灰质炎AFP病例（VAPP）2例（2.08%）。结论：防疫部门与各级医院加强合作和直接管理能及时了解发病状况。市髓灰质炎减毒疫苗（OPV）免疫工作尚存不足，宣讲教育应进一步加强。     

怀化市1995—2005年急性弛缓性麻痹病例流行病学分析

目的 了解怀化市急性弛缓性麻痹病例（AFP）的流行病学特征，为消灭脊灰提供科学依据。方法 对1995～2005年报告的AFP病例进行描述流行病学统计分析。结果 11年共报告AFP病例147例，年均报告发病率为1．17／10万；4～8月报告病例较多，占全年的53．74％；0～4岁儿童占病例总数的65．31％；男女性别比2：1；未进行脊灰疫苗（OPV）全程免疫或免疫史不详的儿童占21．76％；免疫史为零剂次儿童占6．80％。结论 怀化市AFP病例夏秋季发病较多，且男性多于女性，与格林巴利综合征（GBs）病例所占比例较大有关。今后应加强技术培训，提高脊灰疫苗有效接种率。     

海南省1997年急性弛缓性麻痹病例流行病学分析

海南省１９９７年报告ＡＦＰ病例３１例，临床确诊脊髓灰质炎１例，排除３０例。３０例中非脊灰肠道病毒感染占３８．３１％，包括ＧＢＳ，横断性脊髓炎，创伤性神经炎及其他原因引起的ＡＦＰ病例，流行特征呈高度散发，无季节高峰，５岁以下儿童发病占７４．１９５，ＯＰＶ免疫史３次以上者占８７．１％。病例中麻痹６０天后残留麻痹者占１６．１３％，在当前全国已连续３年无脊灰野病毒感染病例的情况下，应进一步提高监测质量，保     

嘉兴市1994年-2005年急性驰缓性麻痹监测结果分析

目的全面掌握嘉兴市急性驰缓性麻痹（AFP）病例发病及监测系统运转情况，巩固和维持无脊髓灰质炎状态。方法依据嘉兴市1994年-2005年监测系统报告的AFP病例的个案调查表及监测系统的疫情报告数据分析。结果15岁以下儿童AFP病例平均年报告发病率2．06／10万；148名AFP病例中以7月份报告最多（占16．89％），5岁以下病例占大多数（占68．92％）；有3次以上免疫史者占84．46％，其中脊灰疫苗相关病例1例、脊灰临床符合病例2例，未发现野毒株。监测系统其他各项监测指标于1996年起全部达到世界卫生组织规定的无脊髓灰质炎证实要求。结论嘉兴市已具备了敏感、高效的AFP监测系统，今后的监测重点应为小年龄组儿童；全市的常规免疫和强化免疫接种率虽已较高，但流动儿童的管理还有待加强，对因使用脊灰减毒活疫苗（OPV）疫苗引起的疫苗相关病例（VAPP）更应引起高度重视。     

急性感染性多发性神经根神经炎呼吸肌麻痹抢救成功66例临床分析

急性感染性多发性神经根神经炎是常见的神经系统疾患，在临床分型中，发生呼吸肌麻痹后重型。对其及时合理的抢救是减少死亡率提高治愈率的关键．本院自1968～1990年共收治495例，其中呼吸肌麻痹132例，（26．7％）抢救成功66例，占呼吸肌麻痹者50％，本文就抢救成功的66例进行总结分析。一、一般资料本组病例中，男43例，女23例．男女之比为1．87：1。二、临床资料1．首发症状：以肢体运动障碍为表现者39例，其中双下肢运动障碍17例。四肢运动障碍15例，上肢运动障碍者7例。颅神经麻痹19例，沾28．8％）其中有18例（94．7％）为舌咽、迷走…     

逊克县2007年15岁以下儿童急性弛缓性麻痹发病情况调查分析

目的了解我县21307年15岁以下儿童急性弛缓性麻痹（以下简称AFP）发病和监测系统运转情况；方法对我县2007年15岁以下儿童AFP病例进行个案调查和随访，采集粪便标本进行病毒分离；结果2007年我县15岁以下儿童AFP发病3例发病率为2．64／10万，发病年龄在05岁之间，病例集中在冬春季，发病地区分散在不同的两个乡；脊灰疫苗（以下称OPV）接种均按规定剂次完成，疫苗接种方式为常规及强化免疫；所有粪便标本均未分离出脊灰病毒，3例病例初次报告单位均为县级医院，最后确诊单位均为省级医院；结论：逊克县AFP病例监测系统敏感，质量符合国家要求；但乡级监测系统敏感性不够，应全面落实免疫规划工作，进一步提高AFP病例监测系统的敏感性是今后保持和巩固无脊灰成果的工作重点。     

平顶山市1993～2002年急性弛缓性麻痹监测结果分析

目的 了解平顶山市急性弛缓性麻痹(AFP)病例监测情况，进一步做好监测工作，为消灭脊髓灰质炎提供科学依据。方法 对平顶山市AFP监测系统报告的AFP病例个案调查表及AFP专报系统的疫情报告进行分析。结果 15岁以下儿童AFP年均报告发病率为2．18／10万，农村发病多于城市，农村病例占病例总数的83．7％；发病以秋季为主，10月份为高峰月，发病数约为全年病例数的32．5％；以4岁以下儿童为主，占病例总数的80％以上。257例AFP病例中，有22．6％未全程免疫或记录不祥，采集到合格双份粪便标本237例，合格粪便标本采集率为92．2％，经病毒分离脊髓灰质炎疫苗相关病例2例。结论 平顶山市己具备了敏感的AFP监测系统和高效的AFP监测网络。虽然经过常规免疫和多次的强化免疫，仍有部分儿童漏种，免疫空白依然存在。在消灭脊髓灰质炎的后期，由于脊髓灰质炎野病毒传播范围的缩小，由野病毒引起的麻痹病例己明显减少或消失，而由疫苗病毒和因疫苗引起的麻痹病例比例相对升高。因此对VAPP的正确诊断和相关研究越发显得重要。     

GGT—Ⅱ快速法检测AFP阴性肝癌的探讨

目的：鉴于GGT－Ⅱ以检测AFP表达为阴性的原发性肝癌有较高的诊断率，试图将GGT－Ⅱ和AFP联合应用以期提高AFP阴性肝癌的诊断率。方法：GGT－Ⅱ检测采用快速微量定性法；AFP检测采用酶标参比电泳法和双抗体夹心法。结果：GGT－Ⅱ特异性（阴性率）为92．21％，准确性为90．25％；敏感性（阴性率）为88．94％，AFP阳性率为71．07％，结论：单用AFP检测势必造成AFP表达为阴性的原发性肝癌的漏检（并非AFP检测方法的错误），采用GGT－Ⅱ法联合应用，可明显提高这部分病例的检出率。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.