胃粘膜异型增生的中医微观辨证分型与MG7抗原表达的关系及临床随访研究

目的：探讨胃粘膜异型增生中医微观辨证分型与胃癌MG7抗原及临床随访结果的关系。方法：应用中医脏腑辨证理论与ABC免疫组化方法,对120例胃粘膜异型增生进行内镜下微观辨证分型,并与胃癌MG7抗原表达的关系进行免疫组化分析,同时进行临床随访研究。结果：胃络瘀滞型与胃络灼伤型胃粘膜MG7抗原表达阳性率（37．5％、66．7％）较胃寒型及胃热型（6．7％、12．5％）明显增高,差异有非常显著性意义（P＜0．01）。对其中63例进行了6－72个月（平均24个月）的随访,癌变组中胃络瘀滞型粘膜（23／30）明显高于未癌变组（9／33）,差异有非常显著性意义（P＜0．01）。结论：中医微观辨证分型对辨别胃粘膜异型增生的癌变性质具有重要意义,胃络瘀滞型胃粘膜异型增生与癌变关系密切。     

胃镜下可疑恶性溃疡MG7-Ag表达与随访二次活检病理结果的对照研究

目的探讨MG7-Ag表达对良性、恶性溃疡的鉴别及可疑恶变溃疡的临床随访、二次活检的辅助指导价值。方法对58例经首次胃镜检查可疑恶性溃疡、活检、病理未能确诊患者进行ABC免疫组化染色后，密切临床随访1-72周（平均7周），所有患者均再次胃镜复查，组织活检。结果MG7-Ag阳性表达30例中有19例（63．3％）二次活检病理检查确诊为胃癌，阴性组28例中有5例（17．9％）确诊为胃癌，两组胃癌检出率差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。结论MG7-Ag阳性表达与胃癌关系密切，对这部分患者进行密切随访，有助于胃癌的早期发现。     

Correlation of DNA content between endoscopic biopsy and surgically resected specimens in gastric and colorectal cancer

To investigate DNA heterogeneity and the consistency of DNA content between endoscopic biopsy and the corresponding resected specimens, the DNA content of 749 different samples from 30 gastric and 30 colorectal cancers was analyzed and the results were compared with those obtained from endoscopic biopsy specimens. The incidence of DNA heterogeneity was 33% in patients with gastric cancer and 40% in those with colorectal cancer. Most of the cases of heterogeneity were caused by differences in DNA indices in aneuploidy. The consistency of DNA ploidy pattern between endoscopic biopsies and the corresponding resected specimens was 100% in both gastric and colorectal cancer, while the consistency in the DNA index of aneuploid tumors was approximately 90%. From these results, it seems possible that analysis of the DNA content of a biopsy specimen could provide an adequate measure of the DNA content of the corresponding resected specimen.     

MNNG诱发犬残胃粘膜癌前期病变组织中MG_7－Ag表达的动态定量研究

本实验在ＭＮＮＧ诱发犬胃粘膜癌前病变过程中，胃镜下定期粘膜活检。应用胃癌单克隆抗体ＭＧ７免疫组化染色法及自动化图像分析仪，连续动态定量地监测犬残胃癌前期病变组织中ＭＧ７抗原物质（ＭＧ７－Ａｇ）的表达情况。实验结果表明，①慢性萎缩性胃炎、肠化生及异型增生的组织细胞内已具有胃癌的某些生物学特性。②胃癌前期病变的演变过程可能遵循由萎缩性胃炎→肠化生→异型增生的变化规律。③临床上，重度异型增生患者有很高的癌变率，是由于重度异型增生组织内的某些生物学特性已非常接近于胃癌。     

Flat gastric polyps: Results of forceps biopsy,endoscopic mucosal resection,and long-term follow-up

Objective. Histological examination of specimens obtained by forceps biopsy sampling of gastric polyps is of limited accuracy, and their management on this basis is therefore controversial. The aim of this prospective study was to assess the value of forceps biopsy sampling in establishing the correct diagnosis revealed by endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR). The complication rate of EMR was also determined. Material and methods. Subjects with gastric polyps of epithelial origin, of at least 0.5?cm in diameter, and not associated with polyposis syndromes, were included in the study. Between 1994 and 2004, 56 gastric polyps in 44 patients (30?F, 14?M, mean age 67 years) met the inclusion criteria. Indigo carmine dye staining and electronic magnification were used in all cases. Following forceps biopsy sampling, 56 EMRs were performed. The histological results of the forceps biopsy and the resected specimens were analyzed. Results. The initial forceps biopsies identified in situ carcinoma in 3 cases, adenoma with no dysplasia in 19, adenoma with low-grade dysplasia in 2, adenoma with moderate-grade dysplasia in 6, adenoma with high-grade dysplasia in 7, and hyperplastic lesions in 19 cases. The histological examination of the resected polyps revealed in situ carcinoma in 5 cases, carcinoid in 1, gastrointestinal stromal tumor in 1, adenoma with no dysplasia in 14, adenoma with low-grade dysplasia in 3, adenoma with moderate-grade dysplasia in 9, adenoma with high-grade dysplasia in 1, hyperplastic lesions in 21, and no diagnosis in 1 case. Complete agreement between the histological results on the forceps biopsy sample and on the ectomized polyp was seen in only 31 (55.3%) polyps. There were important disagreements in 12 cases. In 14 neoplastic and 1 hyperplastic polyps, the degree of dysplasia seen on histological examination of the forceps biopsy specimens differed from that observed for the resected specimens. Post-mucosectomy bleeding was observed in 3 patients, all of whom were successfully treated endoscopically. Conclusions. Forceps biopsy is not sufficiently reliable for the identification of gastric polyps. These lesions should be fully resected by EMR for a final diagnosis and (depending on the lesion size and type) possibly definitive treatment.     

The usefulness of endoscopic ultrasound in the differential diagnosis between benign and malignant gastric ulcer

Abstract

Objective. Gastric cancer can present as an exophytic lesion, diffuse infiltration of the gastric mucosa or even as a gastric ulcer, which can mimic a benign gastric ulcer. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the value of endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) in the differential diagnosis between benign and malignant gastric ulcer. Material and methods. 176 patients with gastric ulcer were divided into two groups on the basis of the cause of ulcer. Benign gastric ulcer group consisted of 102 patients and malignant gastric ulcer group consisted of 74 patients. All patients were examined by radial scanning echoendoscope (Olympus GF-UM 2000). Results. For diagnosis of malignant gastric ulcer, the sensitivity of EUS is 83.8%, the specificity is 62.7% and the accuracy is 71.6%. Conclusions. The results demonstrate that EUS is a useful examination in differential diagnosis between benign and malignant gastric ulcer. However, it also has certain limitation which may be solved with more newer EUS applications and development.     

Churg–strauss syndrome: importance of colonoscopy and endoscopic biopsy in establishing diagnosis

A 31‐year‐old Japanese man was admitted with complaints of left lower abdominal pain and diarrhea. He had a history of bronchial asthma since he was 26 years old. On admission, his eosinophil count was 4100/mm ³ and increased as high as 12 000/mm ³ . A neurological examination disclosed mononeuritis multiplex with paresthesia in both lower and upper extremities. Because of hematochezia, colonoscopy was performed and disclosed multiple colonic ulcers and erosions from the rectum to the ascending colon. Endoscopic biopsy showed fibrinoid necrosis of small‐sized vessels with moderate infiltration of eosinophils in the mucosa and submucosa. He was suspected of being a case with Churg–Strauss syndrome (CSS; allergic granulomatous angiitis), and prednisolone of 30 mg/day was administered. After the administration of prednisolone, his eosinophil count decreased dramatically. His symptoms also improved gradually, except for numbness in the extremities. Three weeks later, colonoscopy revealed improvement of the mucosal appearance, but the colonic ulcers and erosions were still present. Endoscopic biopsy showed exravascular granuloma with moderate infiltration of eosinophils in the submucosa. Colonoscopy and endoscopic biopsy may be important in establishing the diagnosis of CSS with intestinal symptoms.     

胃癌患者血清细胞因子水平变化及与肿瘤分化程度的关系

目的探讨胃癌患者机体细胞免疫状态变化,为肿瘤免疫治疗提供依据。方法研究对象为山东大学附属省立医院2001年5月-2009年1月住院手术的胃癌患者78例（胃癌组）及同期健康体检者80例（对照组）,两组均抽取空腹外周静脉血3ml（胃癌组术前）,分离血清,-20℃冻存。采用ELISA法检测血清细胞因子IL-2、IFN-γ,IL4、IL-6、IL-10、IL-12水平。结果与对照组比较,胃癌组血清IL-2、IFN-γ及IL-12均显著降低,IL-4、IL-6和IL-10均显著升高（P〈0．05、0．001）;胃癌分化程度越低IL-2、IFN-γIL-γ2降低幅度及IL-4、IL-6、IL-10升高幅度越明显。结论胃癌患者处于Th2型细胞占优势的Th1／Th2细胞漂移状态,并与肿瘤分化程度相关;纠正Th1／Th2细胞漂移、诱导Th0细胞向Th1细胞增殖分化,有望促进机体免疫功能恢复、激活抗肿瘤免疫应答,进而提高肿瘤综合治疗效果。     

Clinicopathological study of lymph-node metastasis in 1,389 patients with early gastric cancer: assessment of indications for endoscopic resection

BACKGROUND: The endoscopic resection of early gastric cancers (EGC) is a standard technique in Japan and is increasingly used throughout the world. Further experience in the treatment of EGC and a clearer delineation of the factors related to lymph‐node metastasis would permit a more accurate assessment of endoscopic resection. METHODS: The study group comprised 1389 patients with EGC who underwent gastrectomy with lymph‐node dissection. We evaluated the relations of lymph‐node metastasis to clinicopathological factors. RESULTS: Of the 718 patients with intramucosal carcinomas, 14 (1.9%) had lymph‐node metastasis. All cases of lymph‐node metastasis were associated with ulceration. No lymph‐node metastasis was found in patients with intramucosal carcinomas without ulceration, irrespective of tumor size and histological type. Lymph‐node metastasis was present in 14 (4.7%) of the 296 patients who had cancer with a submucosal invasion depth of less than 500 μm (sm1). Significantly increased rates of lymph‐node metastasis were associated with undifferentiated types, ulcerated lesions and lymphatic invasion. No lymph‐node metastasis was found in patients with differentiated sm1 carcinomas 30 mm or less in diameter without ulceration. Lymph‐node metastasis occurred in 29% of the patients who had cancer with a submucosal invasion depth of 500 μm or more (sm2). CONCLUSION: This large series of patients with EGC provides further evidence supporting the expansion of indications for endoscopic treatment, as well as warns against potential risks.     

胃黏膜异型增生微观辨证分型CdX2基因表达及随访研究

[目的]探讨胃脘痛胃黏膜异型增生患者中医微观辨证分型与CdX2基因蛋白表达的意义及与临床随访结果的关系.[方法]应用中医脏腑辨证理论与ABC免疫组化方法对120例胃脘痛胃黏膜异型增生患者进行胃镜下微观辨证分型与CdX2基因蛋白表达的免疫组化分析,同时进行临床随访研究.[结果]胃络瘀滞型与胃络灼伤型患者胃黏膜CdX2基因蛋白表达阳性率(37.5%、66.7%)较胃寒型与胃热型(6.7%、12.5%)明显增高(P＜0.01),其中具有完整随访结果者63例,随访时间6～72个月(平均24个月),其癌变者中胃络瘀滞型(76.7%)明显高于未癌变者(27.3%)(P＜0.01).[结论]中医微观辨证分型与CdX2基因蛋白表达有关,对辨别胃黏膜异型增生的癌变性质具有重要意义,胃络瘀滞型胃黏膜异型增生与癌变关系密切,在辨证施治中应给予重视.