大肝癌切除后肝内复发的特点、预防及监测(附69例报告)

目的探讨大肝癌切除后肝内复发的特点、预防及监测.方法对大肝癌手术切除后的病人,以AFP、B超、CT、肝动脉造影及碘油CT进行定期的复查监测.结果确诊肝内复发69例.总结其临床特点,肝内复发多在二年以内,复发高峰在术后半年至一年内;肿瘤直径越大,术后肝内复发越早,巨块型肝癌多在术后半年内复发;伴有门静脉癌栓、术前栓塞、放疗、化疗,围手术期输血,肝炎活动者易发生肝内复发.复发病灶以单结节及多结节为主,多为富血供型,碘油栓塞充填良好;肝内复发病灶以碘油CT发现的阳性率最高,余依次为肝动脉造影、CT及B超.结论大肝癌切除范围的掌握、术中避免挤压肿瘤、手术切缘的处理、围手术期避免输血、术后局部化疗免疫治疗、术前避免栓塞放疗化疗、术后定期随访、定期肝动脉造影及碘油CT复查,对大肝癌手术切除后肝内复发的预防及早期确诊亚临床病灶非常重要.     

肝癌原位肝移植术后肿瘤复发的多层螺旋CT和MRI影像学诊断

目的 探讨肝癌原位肝移植术后肿瘤复发的CT和MRI影像学表现及其诊断价值.方法 回顾性分析161例肝癌肝移植术患者的术后肿瘤复发情况,重点分析肿瘤复发患者的CT和MRI表现、复发部位及复发时间.结果 161例肝癌肝移植术患者术后复发29例,复发率为18.0%.复发者的原发肿瘤分期为Ⅱ期4例,Ⅲ期7例,Ⅳa期8例,Ⅳb期10例.肺部复发21例,呈2～3 cm左右结节状病灶,4例伴有胸膜复发.移植肝复发9例,呈多发结节型4例,弥漫型及巨块型各2例,单发结节型1例,其中2例伴有门静脉、下腔静脉栓形成.淋巴结复发9例,见于肝门区、小网膜区、胰头周围、腹膜后及后纵隔,其中1例伴有淋巴结融合、坏死.骨骼复发4例,呈溶骨性骨质破坏,CT呈不均匀低密度影,MRI呈不均匀长T1、长T2信号影,2例周围伴有软组织肿块.与移植肝、淋巴结、骨骼及其他部位相比,肺部肿瘤复发率最高(P=0.001).Ⅳb期肝癌肝移植术后肿瘤复发的发生率明显高于Ⅱ期～Ⅳa期患者(P=0.001).4例Ⅱ期肝癌肝移植后均在1年后复发,25例Ⅲ～Ⅳb期肝癌均在1年内复发.结论 肝癌肝移植肿瘤复发以肺部及胸膜最多见,移植肝、淋巴结次之.Ⅱ期肝癌肿瘤复发晚于Ⅲ～Ⅳb期肿瘤,Ⅳb期为肝癌肝移植手术的禁忌证.CT和MRI检查在肝癌肝移植诊断中具有重要意义.     

术中B型超声检查对小肝癌,肝内转移灶和门静脉癌栓显示的意义

127例肝癌病人进行了肝脏手术,手术结果与 CT、术前B超检查(US)、术中B超检查(IOUS)对照结果表明,在小肝癌定位,肝实质内转移灶(子瘤)、门静脉分支内癌栓和胆管内癌检的显示,IOUS均优于CT和US.IOUS的应用定位准确,图象清晰,使肝实质子瘤可减少遗漏,术式设计更合理,提高了根治性,弥补了CT、US的不足.     

肝泡型包虫病肝内外转移及其与肝癌的鉴别诊断

目的:探讨肝泡型包虫病肝内外转移及与肝癌的鉴别诊断。方法:分析经手术病理证实的20例肝泡型包虫合并肝内外转移患者的影像学资料,并行卡松尼试验及实验室检查。结果:20例病例中,脑转移3例,肺转移4例,脑转移合并肺转移3例,行相关影像学检查可见肝内、颅脑、肺实性占位性病变,以上病例行卡松尼皮内过敏试验均为阳性,AFP、CEA、CA199值均在正常范围内。结论:肝泡型包虫病类似肝恶性肿瘤,可从肝脏转移或扩张至其他器官,行相关影像学检查、卡松尼皮内过敏试验、AFP、CEA、CA199测定可与肝脏原发肿瘤相鉴别。     

肝内胆管囊腺癌1例报告附文献复习

目的:探讨肝内胆管囊腺癌的临床诊断及外科治疗.方法:回顾分析1例男性肝胆管囊腺癌患者的临床与病理资料,结合文献复习讨论其临床表现、病理、影像学特点、诊断及治疗.结果:患者经充分准备后,行肝内多发胆管囊腺癌切除术,术后给予抗炎、保肝、营养支持等治疗,2周后痊愈出院,随访6月无肿瘤复发.结论:肝内胆管囊腺癌比较罕见,经肝脏B超、上腹部CT检查有助于诊断,确诊需病理组织学检查.外科手术根治性切除效果良好.     

肝癌术后肝血管造影及介入治疗临床价值

目的：探讨原发性肝癌术后行肝动脉栓塞化疗的方法及其对减少原发性肝癌术后复发、提高生存率的价值。方法：对45例原发性肝癌术后患者,20-90天内行肝动脉造影,根据造影情况予以不同剂量的碘油加化疗药物栓塞治疗。结果：45例共行182次,平均4.0次介入治疗,1例于8年内行17次介入治疗。39例发现复发病灶,其中29例在介入术前经B超、CT/MRI、AFP等检查未发现明确复发病灶,即29例复发病例是通过DSA发现的,另10例在介入术前经B超、CT/MRI和AFP等检查临床已明确肝内复发,6例DSA未发现复发病灶。39例复发病例中,有7例患者为术后1个月内行介入治疗。在介入后随访中,39例复发病例,其中10例只作1次介入治疗,8例病灶缩小、稳定,2例病灶消失;6例阴性病例中有2例复发,复发分别发生在第2次和第4次介入治疗,距离首次介入治疗时间分别为10和15个月。对肝癌高危人群中AFP显著或持续增高、超声或/和MSCT检查未发现明确病变或疑似肝癌的病例,行DSA造影。结论：原发性肝癌术后常规行预防性介入治疗,针对不同造影情况施以不同剂量的碘油加化疗药物治疗,可以尽早发现复发病灶并治疗,对于尚未复发病例,亦能达到预防性治疗的目的。     

金龙胶囊对肝癌切除后复发转移影响的初步临床观察

目的:观察金龙胶囊对肝切除术后肝癌肝内转移复发、机体细胞免疫的影响并评估其临床疗效。方法:将肝细胞癌122例随机分成治疗组与常规化疗对照组,观察血清中NK细胞和T细胞亚群的变化;检测血清中的MMP-9和AFP水平;术后1年内,每个月行B超检查1次,每3个月行增强CT1次,观察肿瘤有无复发及临床疗效并对生活质量进行评分。结果:术后肝癌切除联合金龙胶囊治疗组CD4 /CD8 和NK细胞水平高于对照组,P<0.05;治疗组血清AFP与对照组比较差异无统计学意义,但MMP-9水平明显低于对照组,P<0.05;治疗组术后半年影像学检查肿瘤复发率为37.7%(23/61),与对照组60.6%(37/61),比较差异有统计学意义,P<0.05。治疗组平均生存期、中位生存期较对照组明显延长,P=0.001;生活质量评分治疗组明显优于对照组,P<0.05。结论:肝癌切除术后联合金龙胶囊治疗能明显降低MMP-9的水平,有效抑制残肝术后肝内转移的发生;对患者的细胞免疫功能影响小,有利于患者术后免疫功能的及时恢复;同时可提高临床疗效及患者术后生活质量及生存期,对于肝细胞肝癌的预后具有重要的临床价值。     

原发性肝癌44例术后复发的再手术治疗

目的　强调肝癌术后及时、长期随访的重要性 ;探讨再手术治疗复发肝癌对延长生存期的价值。方法　对术后复发行再手术治疗的 44例肝癌作临床回顾总结 ,男 3 3例 ,女 11例 ,首次术后每 3个月复查AFP及B超或CT等检查 ;再切除 40例 ,单纯肝动脉、门静脉插管化疗及瘤内注射无水乙醇 ,电凝固化 4例 ;并与同期内复发的 46例肝癌未手术者作生存期对比。结果　术后 2年内复发者占 3 6.4% ( 16/44 ) ,为复发的高危险期 ;全组首次术后 1、3、5年生存率分别为 97.7%、60 .9%、5 5 .5 % ;再手术治疗后 1、3、5年生存率分别为 77.3 %、47.7%、43 .2 % ;同期 46例肝癌术后复发未再手术者平均生存期 6、7个月。结论　首次切除术后定时、长期随访是提高再切除率的关键。合理的选择再手术对象 ,积极地采取再切除治疗 ,是提高肝癌生存期的有效途径     

肝脏良性占位性病变误诊为肝癌分析

目的探讨肝脏良性占位性病变术前误诊原因,提高临床诊断的正确率。方法回顾性分析38例肝脏良性占位性病变患者的临床资料;分析误诊原因,总结诊断经验,以提高诊断率。结果 38例术前均误诊为肝癌,术后病理证实为良性占位性病变,其中肝局灶性结节性增生14例,肝血管平滑肌脂肪瘤8例,肝孤立性坏死结节7例,肝硬化再生结节3例,肝寄生虫性肉芽肿3例,肝结核瘤2例,肝结节病1例。结论肝脏良胜占位性病变术前易误诊为肝癌。提高认识并综合病史、化验和影像学检查可提高诊断率。对HBsAg（-）且AFP正常者尤应重视,术前怀疑者可行B超引导肝穿刺活检,术中怀疑者积极送冰冻切片检查提高诊断率。     

三种影像学方法对肝癌诊断价值的探讨：附65例分析

本文分析了65例经B超、CT和肝动脉造影检查肝癌病人。结果提示,肝癌诊断符合率以CT最高,联合检测时其诊断符合率也以CT加B超为最高,肿瘤类型诊断符合率依次为CT、肝动脉造影和B超。本文还对三种影像学方法检查的优、缺点及误诊原因进行了讨论。     

肝动脉及部分脾动脉栓塞治疗肝癌伴脾功能亢进

目的为临床观察采用肝动脉栓塞化疗联合部分脾动脉栓塞治疗原发性肝癌合并脾功能亢进的疗效。方法住院原发性肝癌伴肝硬化脾功亢进患者34例,采用经皮穿刺肝动脉插管化疗栓塞及脾动脉部分栓塞治疗,治疗前后测肝功、免疫指标、外周血及B超、CT等。结果术后CT随访显示肝脏瘤体缩小24例,占70．58％（24／34）,其中缩小50％以上占13例,2例治疗后行二期手术切除;脾脏栓塞后CT复查缩小,最大34．7％,最小20．6％,AFP治疗后有不同程度下降,有23例治疗后肝功能改善,免疫指标治疗前后无大变化,动态监测治疗后外周血象,WBC、RBC、PT均有提高,其中PT治疗后明显升高（P＜0．01）。结论肝动脉及部分脾动脉栓塞伴化疗可使肝肿瘤缩小,脾功能亢进缓解,是中晚期肝癌伴肝硬化脾亢的有效治疗手段之一。     

A case of postoperative liver metastasis of alpha-fetoprotein producing gastric cancer successfully treated with intrahepatic chemotherapy (adriamycin,cisplatin, irinotecan hydrochloride)

There are only a few reports demonstrating effective regimens for AFP-producing gastric cancer. We report a case of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP)-producing gastric cancer successfully treated with postoperative intrahepatic chemotherapy, together with a review of the literature. A 63-year-old man was diagnosed as having multiple liver metastases 6 months following total gastrectomy for type 2 gastric cancer. Serum AFP level was markedly elevated at 291.4 ng/ml although the level was not determined at the time of gastrectomy. Twenty cycles of intrahepatic arterial infusion with adriamycin, cisplatin, and irinotecan hydrochloride resulted in a 93% decrease in the liver metastases along with normalization of the serum AFP level. These results suggest that this regimen is worth trying for patients with liver metastasis from AFP-producing gastric cancer.     

A case of liver metastasis from colon cancer masquerading as focal sparing in a fatty liver

Focal sparing in diffusely fatty liver is a well recognized entity. However, it occasionally creates some problems in the diagnosis of hepatic mass lesions. We recently experienced a case of liver metastasis from colon cancer which appeared as a wedge-shaped hyperdense area on non-enhanced CT (computed tomography). Other imaging techniques also demonstrated a wedge-shaped area which was difficult to distinguish from mere focal sparing in the fatty liver. CT arteriography and dynamic magnetic resonance images were useful for diagnosing this metastatic tumor. CT during arterial portography showed a wedge-shaped ischemic area in the anterior segment caused by intrahepatic portal vein blockade. The histological findings eventually revealed that the tumor, an adenocarcinoma, was surrounded by fibrotic tissue that mimicked focal sparing. We present the radiological features of this case and discuss how to arrive at a correct diagnosis.      

AFP-producing gastric cancer--analyses of 17 cases

Serum AFP levels were increased in 17 of 446 patients with primary gastric cancer, No liver metastasis was detected in 11 of them. In all patients who underwent gastrectomy, the post-operative AFP levels were significantly lowered. In patients with recurrence, the increase of AFP levels was detected before the diagnosis of recurrent tumor could be achieved by US or CT. The tumor invasion in most of these patients was graded as ss. Lymph node metastasis was found in all patients. Most tumors were histologically classified as tub 2. The histochemical demonstration of AFP in carcinoma cells of the stomach and metastatic lesions of the liver suggests tht AFP may be produced within cancer cells. The prognosis was generally poor.     

B超和CT对原发性肝癌诊断价值的比较

本文对同时作 B 型超声和 CT 检查的60例肝癌进行了分析,比较两种检查方法对原发性肝癌的诊断价值。结果表明 B 型超声与 CT 对原发性肝癌的诊断符合率分别为93.3%与96.7%,两者联合诊断符合率为98.3%。本文讨论了 B 型超声、CT 对肝癌诊断不符的原因,强调了 B 型超声在 AFP 阴性肝癌诊断中的重要性及 CT 在诊断肝癌肝外转移中的临床意义,指出了 B 型超声和 CT 的联合应用,有助于提商原发性肝癌的诊断水平。     

A case report of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma diagnosed as lung cancer with liver metastasis treated with radiofrequency ablation

In December 2008, a 43-year-old male who had been pointed out a nodular shadow in the right upper field on a chest radiography was admitted to hospital. A 35 mm mass infiltrating to superior vena cava in the right upper lobe of the lung, and 32 mm mass in the liver at S7 were detected by CT. Pathological diagnosis of the liver tumor was adenocarcinoma. Under the diagnosis of lung carcinoma and liver metastasis, systemic chemotherapy was started from January 2009. Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) therapy was added for liver S7 mass in February, and radiation therapy was performed for lung mass in December. The lung lesion has markedly reduced, but the liver lesion recurred in October 2009, which continued to grow up to 80 mm until August 2010. He presented to our hospital with the diagnosis of liver metastasis of controlled primary lung cancer. In October, we performed right hepatectomy with diaphragma and right lung resection. The pathological diagnosis was intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. Multiple recurrences in remnant liver, lung and peritoneal metastasis were detected in January 2011. For intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, hepatectomy is the only established treatment, and RFA treatment remains controversial. Clinical diagnosis of multiple cancers should be decided with caution.     

食管癌根治术后复发及纵隔淋巴结转移CT特征分析

目的：探讨食管癌根治术后复发及纵隔淋巴结转移的CT表现特点和术后复发原因。方法：回顾性分析经胃镜活检病理确诊或CT诊断为食管癌术后复发及淋巴结转移患者96例的CT表现特点。结果：纵隔淋巴结转移54例,吻合口复发28例,原肿瘤床区复发14例。结论：食管癌根治术后最常见的复发方式为纵隔淋巴结转移,CT检查应作为食管癌术后复查的常规手段之一。     

18F-FDG PET显像在鼻咽癌诊断治疗中的价值

目的:探讨18F-FDG PET显像在鼻咽癌诊断治疗中的价值.方法:35例鼻咽癌PET与同期CT、MRI、骨ECT诊断结果比较分析,全部经病理组织学证实.结果:35例鼻咽癌PET与临床和CT、MRI、骨ECT诊断相符31例(88.6%),诊断不符4例(11.4%),其中真阴性2例和假阴性2例,1例ECT疑为多处骨转移,PET未发现核素浓聚改变,随访排除了骨转移;1例MRI疑为复发,PET未发现核素浓聚改变,病理及随访排除了复发;1例CT诊断肝转移,1例MRI诊断桥脑转移,PET均未发现核素浓聚改变.PET检测出CT、MRI和ECT未发现的转移灶6例(17.1%).结论:18F-FDG PET对鼻咽癌定性诊断具有较高的准确性和特异性,在诊断淋巴结和远处转移方面优于CT和MRI;诊断肝、脑转移有假阴性表现,提示PET应结合CT、MRI进行综合分析,才能作出正确的诊断.     

Radiofrequency ablation therapy combined with intrahepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy for liver metastasis of colorectal cancer

We performed radiofrequency ablation (RFA) therapy combined with intrahepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy for 7 patients with liver metastasis from colorectal cancer. Synchronous metastasis accounted for 5 cases and metachronous for 2 cases. Two cases were H1, 2 cases H2, and 3 cases H3. Following the resection of colorectal primary lesion, we performed RFA for liver metastasis, using a Cool-tip electrode purchased from Radionics (Burlington, MA, USA). The mean number of sessions per patient was 5.1 (1-10). Ablation time of each session was changed according to tumor size, as follows: less than 1 cm in diameter: 2 min, 2 cm: 5 min, 2.5 cm: 10 min. By using intra-operative catheterization, weekly intrahepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy was performed for liver metastasis. Excellent ablation was achieved in all cases by CT evaluation and no significant side-effect was observed. Average observation period was 15 months (maximal survival period was 31 months) and 6 patients are alive. RFA therapy combined with intrahepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy achieved excellent therapeutic effect, and maintained good quality of life in patients.     

Hepatic arterial injection therapy (HAI) for metastatic liver tumor from gastric cancer

The results and problems of hepatic artery infusion therapy (HAI) for gastric carcinoma with synchronous liver metastasis were evaluated. The response rate of HAI with CDDP and 5-FU for metastatic liver tumor was 55% (1 CR + 5 PR/11). The median survival time for responders was 16.5 months, which was statistically longer than that of non-responders at only 5.5 months. Histologically, most responder cases were with AFP producing tumors and NSE positive tumors without distant lymph node involvement. Non-responder cases developed marked distant lymph node involvement besides the liver metastasis. Most of responder patients died of lymph node recurrence or distant metastasis other than liver tumor. It may be concluded that additional therapy to HAI is needed to improve the prognosis of gastric cancer patients with multiple liver metastases.