生物技术制药课程实验教学改革的实践探索

生物技术制药在预防和治疗人类重大疾病上发挥着重大作用,使社会对生物技术制药人才的需求日益增加.生物技术制药是生物技术与药学有机结合的应用性学科,实验教学是进行课程建设和改革的重点.近年来,笔者所在单位以高校医学本科教学为背景,对生物技术制药课程的实验课进行了改革、整合和优化,积累了一些心得.     

药学专业实验教材的改革与实践

本文分析了药学专业实验的特点和当前药学专业实验教学部分课程各自为政的情况,根据药物研制与开发的一般规律,即原料-制剂-品质评价,将实验内容组建为两大模块：药学基础实验和药学综合性与设计性实验,通过从原料药到成品药的全过程学习,使学生学会采用现代检测分析手段与方法,对原料药与制剂药的质量以及药物的有效性、安全性进行科学评价,从而学习如何获得安全有效的药物。     

浅谈抗生素教学的改革

抗生素是关于现代科学技术和工程技术的学科,是现代生物技术发展的基石,可以说,没有抗生素的发展,就没有现代生物技术.抗生素课程是针对普通药学专业的一门指导性专业选修课程.通过这门课程的学习,可以熟悉和掌握抗生素生产的一般过程和基本原理,了解初级代谢产物和次级代谢产物的生物合成机理、发酵过程参数和控制原理等方面的基本知识,为学生今后适应生物技术领域的科研工作和生产实践打下良好的基础.     

依托药品中试基地建设药剂学课程群实验教学平台

目的树立本科学员对药学工作的整体认识,提高对药学学员的综合素质和创新能力的培养,增强学员毕业后实际工作的能力。方法依托学校药品中试基地建设药剂学课程群实验教学平台,增大综合性实验与设计性实验比例,引导学员进行自主性实验,开设多学科药学综合性实验,开展中试基地见习、实习等。结果实验教学改革提高了学员的实验操作兴趣和综合实验能力。结论平台的建设为高等院校药学实验教学改革工作提供了新思路。     

一体化教学模式在药学专业核心课程中的应用与研究

本文结合我院药学专业核心课程开展一体化教学改革的探讨和实践,阐述以现代高职教育理念为指导,进行教学改革的必要性.具体介绍了药学专业一体化教学的特点,一体化教学课程组织实施方法和效果.     

生物技术制药实验教学模式的探索

生物技术制药是一门实践性和综合性很强的学科,是当前研究最热、发展迅速的学科之一。随着科学技术的迅猛发展．生物制药已成为最活跃、发展最快的产业之一。制药业对生物技术制药人才的需求也日益增加．针对这些情况．如何增强生物技术制药实验课的教学效果,培养高素质的具有创新精神和实践能力的生物技术制药人才,是当前培养生物技术专业人才所需要重点关注的问题之一。生物技术制药课程着重讨论应用基因工程、发酵工程、酶工程、细胞工程、抗体工程、蛋白质工程等现代生物技术的原理和方法研制生物制品,是“现代生物技术”与“制药”的有机结合。因此,本课程涉及的知识面广,内容多,不仅包括与生物技术相关的一些基本理论．还包括与制剂、质量控制等生物制药相关药学知识。     

中医药院校药学专业生物技术制药教学的探索

生物技术是一门应用生物科学研究成果增加生物制品数量、提高质量,从而满足人类日益增长需求的技术。近年来,生物技术在农业、医药卫生等领域均取得了突飞猛进的进展,特别是在制药产业中的应用已成为最活跃、发展最快领域。这就要求药学专业学生要有生物技术制药相关的知识,而中医药院校药学专业有自身特点．如何提高生物技术制药课程的教学效果。培养具有生物技术理论和实践能力的药学人才是我们所需要解决的问题。笔者在教学过程中进行了一些探索,并取得了一定的效果。     

药学岗位综合技能训练课程改革探索

目的： 探讨建设产业学院背景下的药学岗位综合技能训练课程的改革实践。方法：以“药学岗位综合技能训练”为例,从课程开设背景及课程设置、具体改革思路与措施、课程综合实验项目实例等方面,总结相关改革成效与经验。结果：产业学院背景下的药学岗位综合技能训练课程改革有效提高了应用型药学人才的培养质量。结论：现代产业学院是人才培养的新型载体,同时药学岗位综合技能训练课程也是现代产业学院的重要抓手。产业学院背景下的药学岗位综合技能训练课程的改革探索为职业人才培养提供了重要思路与参考依据。     

国家虚拟仿真实验教学课程共享平台用于“生物技术制药”课程实验教学实践

目的 提升“生物技术制药”课程的实验教学效果。方法 以中国人民解放军陆军军医大学2020级药学专业四年制本科生为授课对象，随机分为线上线下混合组（观察组）和线下组（对照组）。以生物技术制药经典实验为例，对照组采用传统方式教学；观察组由教师通过国家虚拟仿真实验教学课程共享平台中浙江中医药大学相应内容虚拟实验课程，进行虚拟仿真实验教学辅助传统线下教学。比较两组的学习效果。结果 观察组学生均认为线上学习方式降低了自身学习难度，提高了兴趣，增强了掌握实验技能的自信。每个实验的观察组学生教学当天即可完成教学过程，短于对照组实验使用时间。观察组学生实验课平均得分为（93.78±1.41）分，明显高于对照组的（75.94±0.00）分（P <0.05）。结论 虚拟仿真实验教学作为“生物技术制药”课程课堂教学辅助手段，可有效解决传统实验课程面临的学时有限、操作机会有限、教学效果欠佳的难题，助力生物技术制药专业人才实际操作技能的培养。     

药学专业生物技术制药教学改革的实践

近儿年来,生物制药产业已成为最活跃、发展最快的产业之一,社会对生物技术制药人才的需求也日益增加.如何增强生物技术制药课程的教学效果,培养富有创新精神和具有实践能力的高素质的生物技术和药学复合人才,是广大药学教育工作者所关注的问题之一[1].     

Approaches to education of pharmaceutical biotechnology in faculties of pharmacy

Pharmaceutical biotechnology is developing rapidly both in academic institutions and in the biopharmaceutical industry. For this reason, FIP Special Interest Group of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology decided to develop a questionnaire concerning pharmaceutical biotechnology education. After preliminary studies were completed, questionnaires were sent to the leading scientists in academia and research directors or senior managers of various Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Companies in order to gather their views about how to create a satisfactory program. The objectives of this study were as follows: -To review all of the graduate and undergraduate courses which are presently available worldwide on pharmaceutical biotechnology in Faculties of Pharmacy. -To review all of the text books, references and scientific sources available worldwide in the area of pharmaceutical biotechnology. When replying to the questionnaires, the respondents were asked to consider the present status of pharmaceutical biotechnology education in academia and future learning needs in collaboration with the biotechnology industry. The data from various pharmacy faculties and biotechnology industry representatives from Asia, Europe and America were evaluated and the outcome of the survey showed that educational efforts in training qualified staff in the rapidly growing field of pharmaceutical biotechnology is promising. Part of the results of this questionnaire study have already been presented at the 57th International Congress of FIP Vancouver, Canada in 1997.     

From DNA to NDA--the impact of recombinant DNA technology on new drug development

Man's long-standing efforts to alter living things through genetic manipulation have become reality. Recent advances in recombinant DNA technology have the potential to alter the drug-development process profoundly. The pharmaceutical industry has had to adjust its research efforts and develop new state-of-the-art laboratories. In addition to the standard biological and in vivo assays, many new tests are required, e.g., amino acid sequencing, high-pressure liquid chromatography, and radioimmunoassays. Academic researchers have played a vital role in developing the new biotechnology, supplying most of the basic scientific knowledge and the initial supply of the scientific work force. The recent shifting of support for scientific training from the government to the pharmaceutical industry has resulted in unprecedented academe-industry relationships. Universities now stand to profit significantly from patent rights resulting from biotechnology research efforts. While the advances in biotechnology have had considerable impact on the pharmaceutical industry and academia, they have thus far had only a minor impact on the regulatory process. To date, the preferred regulatory path appears to be modification of existing procedures through the issuance of guidelines, which can be updated as knowledge increases.     

生物技术药物中残留DNA检测方法的比较

生物技术药物是所有以生物质为原料的生物活性物质及其人工合成类似物通过现代生物技术制得的药物,包括细胞因子、重组蛋白、抗体、疫苗和寡核苷酸等,临床上已开始广泛应用,为制药工业带来了革命性变化.但是生物技术药物中残留DNA可能存在安全性问题,因此应尽可能将产品中残留DNA的水平降到最低.新版美国药典将推荐实时定量PCR法作为生物技术药物中宿主残留DNA检定的唯一标准方法.该法的技术优势在于序列特异性高、灵敏度高、重现性好,还可以实现定量检测,使得结果更为精确,从而为生物技术药物企业在工艺研究和成品质量控制方面提供了可靠的检测手段.此综述对4类检测方法进行了比较,重点比较两种实时定量方法.     

高职高专生物制药技术人才培养模式与课程体系探讨

以素质教育和现代教育理念为指导，通过对课程体系、教学内容的改革，对医药高职高专生物制药技术专业人才培养目标、模式和方法进行了初步探讨。     

基因芯片技术在药学研究中的应用

基因芯片技术是伴随着人类基因组计划发展起来的新兴生物技术,具有高通量、集成化、平行化、自动化等特点,在医学、药学、生命科学领域展现出广泛的应用前景.本文对基因芯片技术在药学研究(包括中药、药理毒理学和药物基因组学)的应用进行了综述.     

Pacifichem 2000: biomolecular structure and NMR

Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy continues to expand its applications in the areas of pharmaceutical discovery and development and biotechnology. These and other applications were reviewed in a symposium that ran over 3 days of the Pacifichem 2000 congress. This summary focuses on development in NMR relevant to the pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries, as well as some specific applications that illustrate future directions.     

The dilemma of biotechnology

The 1988 decision by the U.S. Health Care Financing Administration (HCFA) not to accord special reimbursement treatment to Genentech's tissue plasminogen activator (Activase?) was a signal event in the growing dilemma of biotechnology. In the U.S. (and to a degree in Japan and major Western European nations as well), therapeutic biotechnology investment appears to be on a collision course with health care cost containment efforts. During this time of renewed political interest in pharmaceutical pricing, there is urgent need for dialogue among the affected parties. Otherwise, repercussions of a collision could damage both private and public sector biotechnology innovation. The purpose of this article is to outline the nature of, and clarify the reasons for, the dilemma of biotechnology. ©1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

药物化学课程教学改革

药物化学改革对本课程内容、教学模式及教学方法做出进一步的改进,以增强学生对现代药学化学理论知识的全面深入理解,提高其对于药物创新的理性认识,同时强化实践环节。     

The impact of nanobiotechnology on the development of new drug delivery systems

Nanotechnology, or systems/devices manufactured at the molecular level, is a multidisciplinary scientific field undergoing explosive development. A part of this field is the development of nanoscaled drug delivery devices. Nanoparticles have been developed as an important strategy to deliver conventional drugs, recombinant proteins, vaccines and more recently nucleotides. Nanoparticles and other colloidal drug delivery systems modify the kinetics, body distribution and drug release of an associated drug. Other effects are tissue or cell specific targeting of drugs and the reduction of unwanted side effects by a controlled release. Therefore nanoparticles in the pharmaceutical biotechnology sector improve the therapeutic index and provide solutions for future delivery problems for new classes of so called biotech drugs including recombinant proteins and oligonucleotides. This review discusses nanoparticular drug carrier systems with the exception of liposomes used today, and what the potential and limitations of nanoparticles in the field of pharmaceutical biotechnology are.     

Biotechnology and genetic engineering in the new drug development. Part I. DNA technology and recombinant proteins

Pharmaceutical biotechnology has a long tradition and is rooted in the last century, first exemplified by penicillin and streptomycin as low molecular weight biosynthetic compounds. Today, pharmaceutical biotechnology still has its fundamentals in fermentation and bioprocessing, but the paradigmatic change affected by biotechnology and pharmaceutical sciences has led to an updated definition. The biotechnology revolution redrew the research, development, production and even marketing processes of drugs. Powerful new instruments and biotechnology related scientific disciplines (genomics, proteomics) make it possible to examine and exploit the behavior of proteins and molecules.Recombinant DNA(rDNA) technologies (genetic, protein, and metabolic engineering) allow the production of a wide range of peptides, proteins, and biochemicals from naturally nonproducing cells. This technology, now approximately 25 years old, is becoming one of the most important technologies developed in the 20^th century.Pharmaceutical products and industrial enzymes were the first biotech products on the world market made by means of rDNA. Despite important advances regarding rDNA applications in mammalian cells, yeasts still represent attractive hosts for the production of heterologous proteins. In this review we describe these processes.