消化性溃疡患者血中神经降压素水平及其在不同状态下的变化

本文对61例消化性溃疡患者空腹血浆神经降压素(Neurotensin,NT)水平作了测定,并就其在溃疡出血、幽门螺杆菌感染、奥美拉唑治疗后等多种状态下的进一步改变作了观察。结果表明溃疡患者NT水平显著低于正常(P<0.01),并发出血患者NT水平也明显低于正常(P<0.05),幽门螺杆菌感染、奥美拉唑治疗后血中NT水平未受显著影响(P>0.05)。     

白细胞介素-1基因多态性与消化性溃疡的关系

背景：大量临床流行病学证据表明消化性溃疡发病率的地域差异与宿主免疫遗传因素密切相关,目前宿主炎症因子基因多态性与消化性溃疡的关系正受到广泛关注。目的：探讨白细胞介素（IL）-1B-511、IL-1RN基因多态性与消化性溃疡的关系。方法：选取2008年9月～2009年5月昆明医学院第一附属医院确诊的57例十二指肠溃疡（DU）、38例胃溃疡（GU）以及40例非萎缩性胃炎（NAG）患者。以快速尿素酶试验和Giemsa染色检测幽门螺杆菌（H.pylori）感染,采用PCR-RFLP检测IL-1B-511、IL-1RN基因多态性。分析IL-1基因多态性、H.pylori感染、年龄与不同疾病之间的关系。结果：NAG、DU和GU组之间H.pylori感染率、IL-1B-511、IL-1RN基因型频率的差异无统计学意义。与NAG和DU相比,年龄≥60岁是GU的危险因素（OR=5.650,95%CI：1.811～17.624;OR=3.159,95%CI：1.254～7.955）。IL-1B-511、IL-1RN基因型和H.pylori感染与消化性溃疡类型无关（P〉0.05）。结论：在昆明市,年龄≥60岁是GU的危险因素,IL-1基因多态性与消化性溃疡无关。     

维敏四联治疗Hp相关的消化性溃疡

目的应用维敏胶囊（胶态果胶铋）四联药物疗法治疗Hp相关的消化性溃疡（PU）2wk，停药4wk后经内镜、14C-UBT等方法观察溃疡的愈合及Hp根除的疗效方法经内镜确诊为PU，其中十二指肠溃疡（DU）169例；胃溃疡（GU）89例．受检前2wk内未服抗生素、铋剂及质子泵阻断剂，排除孕妇和溃疡出血者，并镜下活检病理排除恶性溃疡Hp检测：先行快速尿素酶检测（RUT），阳性者再行14C-UBT检测，其中DU的Hp阳性率为95．5％；GU的Hp阳性率为81．0％．四联治疗方法：对Hp阳性PU，给予维敏胶囊100mg，4次／d；兰索拉唑30mg，2次／d；阿莫西林0．5g，4次／d；甲硝唑0．4g，2次／d，疗程为2wk．停药后4wk，同时复查内镜及14G-UBT．结果DU愈合率91．2％，Hp根除率93．0％；GU愈合率86．0％，Hp根除率92．0％．DU和GU愈合率及Hp根除率差异不明显（P＞0．05）；四联疗法后肝肾功能无异常结论Hp与PU关系密切．采用四联治疗Hp相关的PU，有良好效果．14GUBT检测Hp感染具有很高的敏感性和特异性，无创伤性，是治疗后复查Hp的首选方法     

Gastric cyto-secretory correlations in peptic ulcer.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Maximal acid output, parietal cell mass, serum pepsinogen A (PGA) and total peptic activity (TPA) in gastric juice were studied and compared in duodenal ulcer and in different gastric ulcer sites. METHODOLOGY: 152 peptic ulcer patients were studied. 64 cases of gastric ulcer (GU) were subdivided according to Johnsons's classification and compared with 88 duodenal ulcer (DU) patients diagnosed for the first time. 40 normal subjects were studied as controls. RESULTS: Duodenal ulcer is characterized by normo-hyperparietalism, normo-hyperchloridria and an increase in peptic activity. In cases of GU, such correlation is not only conditioned by the topographic seat of the ulcer, but by the histological condition of the gastric mucosa too. Body GU is characterized by hypoparietalism, hypochloridria, hyper-PGA and hyper-TPA. Pre-pyloric GU is characterized by normo-hyperparietalism, normo-hyperchloridria, hyper-PGA and hyper-TPA. In GU the cyto-secretory behavior is characterized by the histology of the body mucosa with prevalence of preatrophic-atrophic gastritis in case of body GU and prevalence of superficial gastritis in case of GU type II and III. CONCLUSIONS: The results confirm the anatomic-functional analogy between DU and type II and III GU. If considered from the functional point of view, these conditions differ considerably from those that are characteristic of type I GU (as they closely follow the chronic gastritis pattern).     

Changing trends in peptic ulcer prevalence in a tertiary care setting in the Philippines: a seven-year study

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The declining global prevalence of peptic ulcer disease (PUD) might be because of the decreasing prevalence of Helicobacter pylori (Hp) infection. The aims of the present study were to determine the prevalence of PUD during a 7-year period and to investigate its relationship with the prevalence of Hp infection during the same period. METHODS: All upper gastrointestinal endoscopies carried out at Santo Tomas Hospital in Manila from January 1996 to December 2002 were evaluated. Endoscopies reporting gastric ulcers (GU) and duodenal ulcers (DU) with Hp status were analyzed. RESULTS: A total of 15 341 endoscopies were evaluated. Overall, 2600 (16.95%) GU and 1575 (10.27%) DU were identified. There was a decreasing trend in the prevalence of GU (P < 0.0001) and DU (P < 0.0001) during the study period. Overall PUD prevalence declined from 35.87% in 1996 to 18.80% in 2002. This decline was seen for both GU and DU (20.05 vs 14.34%, and 15.83 vs 7.02%, respectively). The prevalence of Hp infection decreased significantly from 1996 to 2002 for both GU and DU (68.13 vs 33.48%, P < 0.0001; and 76.67 vs 36.50%, P < 0.0001, respectively). The decrease in Hp prevalence was significantly related to the decrease in ulcer prevalence (r = 0.97, P = 0.0004 for GU; r = 0.89, P = 0.0079 for DU; and r = 0.92, P = 0.0035 for all PUD). The prevalence of bleeding secondary to PUD remained stable during the 7-year period (P = 0.87). CONCLUSIONS: During the 7-year period, there was a significant decline in the prevalence of PUD. This decline in PUD prevalence was associated with a corresponding decrease in Hp prevalence.     

Seasonal Periodicity of Peptic Ulcer Disease: A Prospective Radiologic Study

The possible seasonal periodicity of the occurrence of X-ray-negative dyspepsia (RND), first-time-diagnosed gastric ulcer (GU), and first-time-diagnosed duodenal ulcer (DU) was studied in a 3-year period from 1980 to 1983. Of the 1936 patients studied, 1749 had RND, 100 had GU, and 87 had DU. One or more of the three types of dyspeptic disease were more frequently seen in the period from September through January and less frequently in the period from April through August. In conclusion, the present study suggests true seasonal periodicity in the occurrence of peptic ulcer disease, at least in a population living in the northern part of Norway.     

Seasonal periodicity of peptic ulcer disease. A prospective radiologic study

The possible seasonal periodicity of the occurrence of X-ray-negative dyspepsia (RND), first-time-diagnosed gastric ulcer (GU), and first-time-diagnosed duodenal ulcer (DU) was studied in a 3-year period from 1980 to 1983. Of the 1936 patients studied, 1749 had RND, 100 had GU, and 87 had DU. One or more of the three types of dyspeptic disease were more frequently seen in the period from September through January and less frequently in the period from April through August. In conclusion, the present study suggests true seasonal periodicity in the occurrence of peptic ulcer disease, at least in a population living in the northern part of Norway.     

消化性溃疡中胃粘膜病变的特点分析

分析４９１例消化性溃疡伴随胃溃膜病变的特点。结果：性别年龄因素对病变发生率无影响。粘膜炎症较之萎缩和溃疡关系更密切。十二指溃肥广泛粘膜炎症及体部慢性轻度炎症为特点；胃溃疡以广泛萎缩，窦部重度萎缩及重度慢性活动性炎症为特点。两者粘膜病变特点和现有关于两者发病机理的认识相吻合。     

Non-Helicobacter pylori and non-NSAID peptic ulcer disease in the Japanese population

BACKGROUND: Helicobacter pylori and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are recognized as the major causes of peptic ulcer disease. The status of H. pylori infection in the background population may influence the incidence of H. pylori-negative peptic ulcer disease. OBJECTIVE: To examine the incidence of H. pylori-negative peptic ulcer disease without intake of NSAIDs in Japan. PATIENTS: A total of 398 patients who had no eradication therapy for H. pylori prior to this study, including 246 patients with gastric ulcer (GU) and 152 patients with duodenal ulcer (DU), were enrolled. METHODS: H. pylori status was assessed by rapid urease tests, histological examinations (haematoxylin & eosin stain, Giemsa stain and/or immunostaining) and serum IgG antibody. Two biopsy specimens were taken from the antrum within 3 cm of the pyloric and two from the middle corpus of the stomach, along the greater curvature. Patients were asked a series of questions regarding risk factors, including the use of NSAIDs. The presence of gastritis, gastric atrophy and intestinal metaplasia was examined according to the updated Sydney system. RESULTS: Of the 246 patients with GU, 12 patients (4.9%) were considered to be H. pylori-negative. Of the 152 patients with DU, two patients (1.3%) were considered to be H. pylori-negative. Hence, a total of 14 patients were found to be H. pylori-negative. Nine of them were taking NSAIDs. Consequently, the frequency of H. pylori-negative ulcer without intake of NSAIDs was 1.3%. There was no significant difference in the frequencies of H. pylori-negative patients between the GU and DU groups. CONCLUSION: The incidence of H. pylori-negative peptic ulcer disease without intake of NSAIDs was very low in the Japanese population.     

奥美拉唑镁肠溶片与奥美拉唑胶囊治疗消化性溃疡的临床随机对照研究

目的　验证奥美拉唑镁肠溶片与奥美拉唑胶囊治疗消化性溃疡的生物等效性及评价其不良反应。方法　采用随机对照和开放试验的方法治疗经胃镜检查证实的消化性溃疡共 171例 ,其中奥美拉唑镁肠溶片组 (试验组 ) 68例 ,胃溃疡 2 1例 ,十二指肠溃疡 47例 ;奥美拉唑胶囊组 (对照组 ) 67例 ,其中胃溃疡 2 1例 ,十二指肠溃疡 46例 ;开放试验组 3 6例 ,其中十二指肠溃疡 2 9例 ,胃溃疡 7例。结果　试验组中胃溃疡的愈合率和总有效率分别为 80 9%和 10 0 %十二指肠溃疡的愈合率和总有效率分别为87 2 %和 97 8% ;对照组中胃溃疡的愈合率和总有效率为 85 7%和 95 2 % ,十二指肠溃疡的愈合率和总有效率为 84 7%和 97 8% ;开放试验组中胃溃疡的愈合率和总有效率均为 10 0 0 %十二指肠溃疡的愈合率和总有效率分别为 86 2 %和 10 0 % ;试验组中疼痛消失率及其他消化道症状的消失率在胃溃疡为 95 2 %和 89 0 %在十二指肠溃疡则为 97 8%和 98 3 % ;对照组中疼痛及其他消化道症状的消失率在胃溃疡为 95 2 %和 92 7% ,在十二指肠溃疡为 97 8%和 98 7%。两组在愈合率、总有效率、疼痛消失率和其他消化道症状消失率方面相比均无显著差别 (P >O 0 5 )。两组在治疗过程中均未见明显的不良反应。结论　奥美拉唑镁肠溶片与奥     

高原地区农牧民消化性溃疡特征分析

背景:高原地区地理环境和农牧民饮食结构的特殊性可能导致消化性溃疡(PU)在这一特定地域人群中的发生情况有一定特异性。目的:分析高原地区农牧民PU的特征。方法:纳入2010~2012年拉萨市人民医院经内镜检查确诊PU并排除恶性溃疡的成年农牧民,对其溃疡发生情况进行回顾性分析。结果:共309例PU患者纳入研究,其中青年(18~40岁)、中年(41~65岁)、老年(≥66岁)分别占31.1%、54.7%和14.2%;胃溃疡(GU)156例(50.5%),十二指肠球部溃疡(DU)129例(41.7%),复合性溃疡24例(7.8%)。不同年龄组间GU、DU和复合性溃疡构成比差异有统计学意义(P=0.000),青年组DU较多(57.3%),老年组以GU为主(75.0%)。不同年龄组间GU发生部位差异无统计学意义(P=0.070),但存在青年组以胃角溃疡为主(50.0%)、老年组以胃体溃疡为主(45.5%)的趋势。结论:高原地区农牧民PU患者中半数为GU,以中青年为主。老年人以GU为主,尤以胃体溃疡居多,DU则多见于青年人。     

Recurrence of Helicobacter pylori infection and the long-term outcome of peptic ulcer after successful eradication in Japan.

Recurrence of peptic ulcer after successful eradication of Helicobacter pylori is closely associated with reinfection. The aim of this study was to examine the recurrence of peptic ulcer and reinfection with H. pylori after successful eradication. To eradicate H. pylori infection, patients with active peptic ulcer disease were assigned to two treatment groups depending on the year of their enrollment (AM group and OAMR group). Patients in the AM group received 400 mg of cimetidine twice per day, 300 mg of amoxicillin three times per day, and 250 mg of metronidazole three times per day for 2 weeks. Patients in the OAMR group received 20 mg of omeprazole once per day, 500 mg of amoxicillin granules three times per day, 250 mg of metronidazole three times per day, and 150 mg of roxithromycin twice per day for 1 week. After endoscopy verified ulcer scarring and successful eradication of H. pylori infection, study patients were followed up monthly and did not undergo acid-suppressive therapy. Endoscopy was performed at 6-month intervals for the 1st year. After the 1st year, follow-up endoscopies were performed annually. In total, 107 patients with peptic ulcer (duodenal ulcer [DU], 65; gastric ulcer [GU], 42) were followed up for a mean period of approximately 2 years. Recurrence of infection occurred in 10 (9.3%) of 107 patients (AM group, 9; OAMR group, 1) after 210 patient-years of follow-up; the recurrence rate was 4.8% per patient-year. Recurrence of H. pylori infection was significantly higher in the AM group (23.1%) than in the OAMR group (1.5%). H. pylori infection recurred in two patients 6 months after eradication therapy, in seven 1 year after, and in one 2 years after. Thereafter, no further cases of H. pylori recurrence were observed. During follow-up periods, seven cases of ulcer recurrence were observed (DU, 4; GU, 3). The rate of peptic ulcer recurrence within 2 years after eradication therapy was significantly higher than that after more than 2 years. Four cases of ulcer recurrence (DU, 3; GU, 1) also had recurrence of H. pylori infection. One recurrent case of DU without reinfection was associated with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. The remaining two cases of GU recurred without H. pylori reinfection. In conclusion, peptic ulcer recurrence rarely occurred (3 [2.9%] of 103) in patients cured of H. pylori infection. Reinfection after apparent successful eradication was rarely noted when a powerful therapeutic regimen in eradication was used. Therefore, to eradicate H. pylori, a highly effective therapeutic regimen should always be used.     

1520例上消化道出血病因和临床特点分析

目的研究近6年本院收治的上消化道出血患者的病因结构变化及临床发病特点。方法 对我院消化内科2004年至2009年1520例上消化道出血病人的临床资料进行回顾性调查分析。结果 （1）男性多于女性,男：女=3.4：1,平均年龄52.8岁（14～102岁）。死亡38例（2.5%）,52.6%死于大出血,47.4%死于非出血相关性疾病。（2）上消化道出血前5位病因依次是消化性溃疡、食管胃底静脉曲张、胃癌、食管-贲门黏膜撕裂症和急性胃黏膜病变。（3）大于60岁老年病人发病率呈上升趋势。2004～2009年发病情况如下：31.1%、31.9%、32.4%、42.7%、38.1%、50.5%,胃癌是其首要病因（21.6%）。结论 与过去参考文献相比,食管胃底静脉曲张发病不断上升,而急性胃黏膜病变发病明显下降。随年龄增加,十二指肠溃疡发病降低,胃溃疡和胃癌发病增加。老年病人占上消化道出血病人比例越来越大,尤其是合并严重基础疾病的老年病人有高危死亡风险,成为了临床治疗的重点。     

Clinical relevance of Helicobacter pylori CagA-positive strains: gastroduodenal peptic lesions marker.

OBJECTIVES: peptic ulcer is characterized by its recurrent nature, which necessitates maintenance treatment in most patients. But this natural history can be changed in patients with peptic ulcer associated to Helicobacter pylori, as shown by the low rates of recurrence and decreased hemorrhagic recidivism associated with this infection. Whether CagA or VacA strains are associated with a greater risk of peptic ulcer is controversial. This study was designed to examine endoscopic findings and their relation with H. pylori phenotype (CagA or VacA). METHODS: 106 selected dyspeptic patients underwent upper gastrointestinal tract endoscopic examination between September 1996 and May 1997 [69 with H. pylori (Hp) and 37 without this infection]. Endoscopic findings were classified as gastric ulcer (GU), duodenal ulcer (DU), gastric erosions (GE), duodenitis (Du), chronic gastritis (CG) and normal mucosa (NM). Hp phenotype was analyzed with a western blot test. RESULTS: 75% of H. pylori strains were CagA-positive and 54.2% were VacA-positive. 82.4% of the cases of DU were associated with a CagA+ phenotype, but the association was not statistically significant. Otherwise 100% of gastric ulcers were associated with CagA+ strains (p < 0.005). VacA phenotype was not associated with any particular endoscopic finding. Peptic ulcer (DU or GU) was also associated with the CagA+ phenotype (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: the CagA+ H. pylori phenotype seems to be a peptic lesion marker, but was more frequently related with GU than with DU in our sample of Spanish patients.     

Prevalence and genetic diversity of cagD, cagE, and vacA in Helicobacter pylori strains isolated from Japanese patients

BACKGROUND: Although cagD and cagE (cagDE) identified upstream of cagA have been shown to be involved in the induction of interleukin (IL)-8 expression, the relationship between cagDE status and gastroduodenal diseases still remains to be examined. Thus we investigated prevalence and genetic diversity of cagD, cagE, and vacA in Helicobacter pylori strains isolated from patients with peptic ulcer or gastritis. METHODS: We analyzed 73 H. pylori strains isolated from Japanese patients (gastritis (GA), 15; gastric ulcer (GU), 28; duodenal ulcer (DU), 23; GU and DU, 7). The presence of cagDE was evaluated by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Southern hybridization. The vacA genotype was examined by PCR, using type-specific primers. RESULTS: cagDE was present in 13 (86.7%) of 15 patients with GA, 26 (92.9%) of 28 patients with GU, 21 (91.3%) of 23 patients with DU, and 6 (85.7%) of 7 patients with GU and DU (P = 0.89). vacA signal sequence type s1 was found in 14 (93.3%) of 15 patients with GA, 26 (92.9%) of 28 patients with GU, 22 (95.7%) of 23 patients with DU, and 6 (85.7%) of 7 patients with GU and DU (P = 0.84). Sequences of cagDE and vacA in our Japanese strains were highly homologous with one another, and there were no disease-specific mutations. CONCLUSIONS: Most of the H. pylori strains in Japan were cagDE-positive, vacA s1 type, regardless of clinical outcome. The present study also indicated that these genes were conserved well among our H. pylori isolates.     

The clinical presentation of peptic ulcer disease

Background: A prospective study was performed in order to assess the clinical presentation of peptic ulcer.Methods: Consecutive patients undergoing upper GI endoscopy (n=1527) received a questionnaire consisting 23 questions related to the upper abdomen. Eleven questions were scored on a linear scale and a symptom score was calculated. Patients with a gastric (GU) or duodenal (DU) ulcer were included. As a reference group, patients in whom endoscopy did not reveal abnormalities were included. This group was subdivided depending on whether their history was positive (PPU+) or negative (PPU−) for previous peptic ulcer.Results: GU was diagnosed in 43 patients, DU in 60; PPU+ consisted of 94 patients and PPU− of 382 patients. Patients with GU were significantly older (P<0.0001). The symptom score was 14 (SD 8.6) in GU, 16,6 (SD 8.5) in DU, 19.5 (SD 9.8) in PPU+, and 16.7 (SD 9.6) in PPU−. PPU+ had significantly higher symptom score than the other groups. If all ulcer patients (amalgamation of DU, GU and PPU+) were compared with PPU−, a prior history of peptic ulcer, pain waning after a meal, and smoking were the only features linked to peptic ulcer. On the other hand, postprandial pain, food intolerance, nausea, and alcohol use have a negative prediction.Conclusions: It can be concluded that the symptom score in peptic ulcer disease is low (the maximum possible score was 55). It is not possible to distinguish peptic ulcer patients from other dyspeptics on basis of the clinical presentation.     

胃溃疡与十二指肠溃疡胃电图变化的探讨

目的分析胃溃疡与十二指肠溃疡患者胃肌电活动特点,探讨消化性溃疡病患者节律性疼痛、腹胀、反酸等临床症状与胃动力的关系,为消化性溃疡病临床治疗提供客观依据和指导。方法对44例胃溃疡和十二指肠溃疡患者及20例健康志愿者进行胃电图监测,记录主频率,主功比,各频段胃电所占百分比等指标。结果胃溃疡患者多存在胃电失常,以混合节律失常和胃动过缓节律失常为主;而十二指肠溃疡以混合节律及胃动过速失常为主。结论消化性溃疡患者大多有胃动力障碍。胃电图检查结果对其治疗具有一定的指导意义。     

Changing pattern of peptic ulcer in India. An endoscopic study of 1,188 ulcer patients.

Earlier studies have described a profile of peptic ulcer different in developing and developed countries. In a prospective endoscopic study in India over 5 years and 8 months involving 5,948 patients with upper gastrointestinal symptoms, we detected peptic ulcers in 1,188. There were 920 patients with duodenal ulcer (DU), 185 with gastric ulcer (GU), and 83 with combinations of the two. The male to female ratio was 4.2:1. About half the ulcers were in patients age greater than or equal to 40 years. Of the 223 (18.7%) patients with peptic ulcer complications, gastrointestinal bleeding was the most common (12.7%) and gastric outlet obstruction was less common (6.2%). Endoscopic evidence of duodenal bulb deformity was seen in 74.4% of DU patients. A comparison of these results with data from previous Indian studies suggests a changing trend of peptic ulcer with respect to age and sex distribution, the ratio between DU and GU, and complications of peptic ulcer. The profile of peptic ulcer in north India today is similar to that seen in Western countries four to five decades ago. We discuss possible factors responsible for this change.     

Chronic gastritis and gastroduodenal ulcer: a case control study on risk of coexisting duodenal or gastric ulcer in patients with gastritis.

Chronic (atrophic) gastritis (AG) is common in active duodenal (DU) and gastric ulcer (GU) disease. In this case control study in consecutive prospective outpatients (571 cases and 1074 controls) who had undergone diagnostic upper gastrointestinal endoscopy and routine biopsies from both antral and body mucosa, we calculated the risk of coexisting active DU and/or GU in different gastritis of the antrum or body and according to grade (superficial gastritis, mild, moderate or severe atrophic gastritis). The risk of coexisting active gastroduodenal ulcer (ulcer in duodenum and/or stomach), as well as the risk of DU or GU, was dependent upon the presence and grade of gastritis in antrum and body mucosa. The risk of coexisting ulcer, as expressed as an age adjusted relative risk (RR) and calculated as odds ratio of gastritis in cases and controls, was significantly increased in the presence of superficial antral and body gastritis (RR = 8.5 (7.0-20.0) in men; RR = 5.8 (3.3-10.2) in women), as compared with the risk of ulcer in subjects with histologically normal mucosa (RR = 1). The risk of ulcer, and the risk of GU in particular, increased further with increasing severity of antral gastritis. In such patients with moderate or severe atrophic antral gastritis the RR of coexisting ulcer even exceeded 20 in men and 10 in women (RR = 25.6 (9.0-72.7) in men; RR = 11.7 (5.9-23.0) in women). On the other hand, the RR of ulcer, and the RR of DU in particular, was below 1 in the presence of atrophic gastritis in the gastric body, irrespective of the grade of gastritis in the antrum. We conclude that the type and grade of gastritis strongly predicts the risk of coexisting peptic ulcer, and that the risk of coexisting DU or GU increases with an increase in grade of AG of the antrum but decreases with an increase in grade of AG of the gastric body.     

Gastric Biopsy in Peptic Ulcer: A Follow-up Study

Fundal biopsy was performed in 155 peptic ulcer patients (GU 65, DU 90) and antral in 43 (GU 17, DU 26) of the 155 patients. In GU fundal gastritis was found in 74 and antral in 94 % of the cases. In DU the percentages were 16 and 65 respectively. In a short-term follow-up of 30 patients (GU 15, DU 15) the state of the fundal macosa remained essentially unchanged in 19, became worse in 6, and possibly showed an improvement in 5. In a 1–6 year follow-up of 58 patients (GU 28, DU 30) the same type of mucosal structure was preserved in 40, worsening of the changes in 13, and some improvement in 5.