纤维支气管镜检查者心理疏导

加强接受纤维支气管镜(以下简称纤支镜)检查病人的心理疏导对提高疾病确诊率有重要意义。由于纤支镜检查病人多有紧张、恐惧心理影响正常操作，为此我们对50例接受纤支镜检查的病人进行心理疏导，与对照组50例相比。现报道如下。     

136例老年咯血患者的胸部X线检查与纤维支气管镜检查对照分析

目的探讨胸片和纤支镜检查对咯血病因的诊断价值。方法分析了136例老年咯血患者的胸部X线检查与纤支镜检查的结果。结果老年咯血患者经胸片检查异常所见127例（93．4％），纤支镜检查异常所见114例（83．8％）：炎症60例（44．1％），支气管肺癌53例（39．0％），炎性息肉1例（0．7％）。结论纤支镜检查在胸部X线检查基础上对咯血病因诊断有重要的临床实用价值。     

纤支镜检查对肺不张的诊断意义

目的：研究纤支镜检对肺不张的诊断意义。方法：应用OlympusP-20纤支镜及配套活检钳、毛刷对56例肺不张病人检查。结果：所有病人纤支镜下均有异常改变，其中肺癌39例，结核3例，炎症13例，外伤后支气管断裂1例。结论：纤支镜检查是对肺不张的病因诊断的重要的检查方法，对肺不张病人应常规进行纤支镜检查。     

阻塞性肺不张病因诊断——附78例纤支镜检查报告

目的探讨纤支镜检查在阻塞性肺不张病因诊断中的价值。方法对经临床、胸部X线及肺部CT检查诊断为阻塞性肺不张的78例忠者行纤支镜检查，经纤支镜活检、刷检、涂片检查以明确肺不张的病因。结果经纤支镜检查确诊为肺癌28例，炎症33例，结核9例，其他3例，诊断符合率为93．6％。结论纤支镜检查对明确阻塞性肺不张部位及病因起重要作用。     

纤维支气管镜检查对肺不张病因的诊断价值

目的：探讨纤维支气管镜（纤支镜）检查在肺不张病因诊断中的价值及应用。方法：对临床及胸片、CT诊断为肺不张的患者70例行纤支镜检查，并对70例肺不张患者的病因、镜下特点、部位及年龄分布等进行分析。结果：纤支镜总诊断60例（87．5％），影像学总诊断30例（42．8％），两者比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论：纤支镜检查是确定肺不张病因最主要的手段，临床上对原因不明的肺不张应及时行纤支镜检查。     

提高纤支镜诊断肺癌的水平——附640例纤支镜检查结果分析

目的：探讨提高纤支镜对肺癌诊断的方法。方法：所有病人经纤支镜检查,按照活检、冲洗、刷检顺序进行,三项技术检查阳性率进行比较。结果：纤支镜检查总阳性率为８１８８％ 。活检、冲洗、刷检阳性率分别为６４１４％ 、６６８３％ 、７１８８％ （Ｐ＜ ００５）;同时做三项检查的５６８ 例中,阳性者４６０ 例,总阳性率８０９９％ 。结论：三项技术检查之间有相互弥补作用,综合检查及纤支镜复检可明显提高肺癌诊断率。     

对接受纤维支气管镜检查患者的护理及体会

纤维支气管镜（纤支镜）检查已在肺部疾病的诊断和治疗中广泛应用。在应用检查中，做好术前、术中、术后的护理工作是非常必要的。我院于1993年1月至1999年6月共进行纤支镜检查230例，取得良好效果，现将护理体会总结如下。】临床资料230例病人中男17o例，女60例。年龄15岁至78岁。纤支镜检查成功228例，成功率为991％，失败2例。失败的原因皆为喉、支气管痉挛，受检查不能耐受所致。2护理21术前护理211每次检查前，应严格消毒纤支镜，特别是镜管中有痰液残留者，消毒前应多次用蒸馏水冲洗，之后用消毒液连续吸引冲洗，再将纤支镜浸泡在消毒…     

提高纤支镜诊断肺癌的水平——附640例纤支镜检？…

目的;探讨提高纤支镜对肺癌诊断的方法。方法：所有病人经纤支镜检查,按照活检,冲洗,刷检顺序进行,三项技术检查阳性率进行比较。结果：纤支镜检查总阳性率为８１．８８％,活检、冲洗、刷检阳性率分别为６４．１４％,６６．８３％,７１．８８％（Ｐ〈０．０５）,同时做三项检查的５６８例中,阳性者４６０例,总阳性率８０．９９％,结论：三项技术检查之间有相互弥补作用,综合检查及纤支镜复检可明显提高肺癌诊断率。     

278例咯血患者胸部X线与纤支镜检查对照分析

目的：探讨咯血患者胸部X线检查与纤维支气管镜（纤支镜）检查的临床意义。方法：对278例咯血患者在行胸部X线检查的基础上同时给予纤支镜检查。结果：278例咯血患者的胸部X线检查发现异常182例。经纤支镜检查：炎症112例（40．3％）,支气管肺癌72例（25．9％）,结核42例（15．1％）及其它52例（18．7％）。纤支镜检查对明确病灶性质及咯血原因提供重要依据的有234例（82．4％）。结论：胸部X线检查为纤支镜检查提供了影像学的重要资料,纤支镜检查在胸部X线检查基础上对明确病灶性质及咯血原因提供了重要依据。     

72例气管、支气管结核的纤维支气管镜检查分析

经纤支镜检查、钳检和涂片查结核菌，诊断为气管、支气管结核７２例，并对纤支镜下分型、特点和鉴别诊断进行探讨。为了提高诊断率，对怀疑本病或须除外肺癌的病人，均应作纤支镜检查和组织学检查。我们认为纤支镜检查是诊断气管、支气管结核唯一可靠的手段，抗结核治疗不容忽视     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.