凸阵探头对颈动脉狭窄病变的检测价值

目的 :比较高频线阵探头 (HFL P)与低频凸阵探头 (L FCP)对颈动脉狭窄患者的检测结果 ,提出 L FCP在颈动脉超声检测的应用价值。方法 :随机选择 3 1例经 DSA证实的单侧颈动脉狭窄≥ 70 %的患者 ,比较 HFL P和 L FCP检测颈动脉分叉以上颈内动脉(ICA)的显像长度、狭窄段及狭窄远段的最高峰值流速 (PSV)的差异 ,分析狭窄远段流速与狭窄段流速和 ICA检测长度的相关性 ,以及血管狭窄检出符合率。结果 :对 ICA颅外段检测的长度 ,L FCP较 HFL P明显增加 ,分别为 (5.97± 0 .60 ) cm和 (2 .55± 0 .45) cm (P<0 .0 0 1,95%CI 3 .654～ 3 .198)。 L FCP测得的狭窄段 PSV平均高于 HFL P为 (2 67.1± 112 .6) cm/ s (P<0 .0 0 1) ,狭窄远段 PSV与狭窄段 PSV和 ICA检测长度呈负相关关系 (r=-0 .964,r=-0 .954)。两种探头对颈动脉狭窄检测与 DSA的符合率分别为 80 .7% (2 5/ 3 1,HFL P)和 96.8% (3 0 / 3 1,L FCP)。结论 :L FCP可以增加 ICA的显像长度 ,利于 ICA中远段血管病变及血液动力学的观察 ,提高超声技术对颈动脉狭窄的检测准确率。     

经口腔超声检查颈内动脉近段狭窄及闭塞患者颅外远段管腔及血液动力学变化的价值

目的 探讨经口腔超声检查颈内动脉(ICA)近段狭窄或闭塞时颅外远段管腔变化的应用价值.方法 病变组110例,高频线阵探头扫查ICA近段狭窄≥50％或闭塞;正常对照组32例.高频线阵探头检测颈总动脉(CCA)及ICA近段,经口腔超声检测ICA颅外远段,观察管腔状况、彩色血流表现及频谱形态变化,测量管径、收缩期峰值血流速度(PSV)、舒张末期血流速度(EDV)及PSVICA/PSVCCA值.超声检查结束后2周内完成数字减影血管造影术(DSA)检查,并与超声结果对照.结果 病变组经口腔超声扫查成功率为92.7％,正常对照组经口腔超声扫查成功率为93.8％.从正常组～接近闭塞组ICA远段管径、PSV测值逐渐减小,相邻两组间比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),但接近闭塞组与完全闭塞组管径测值相近,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);完全闭塞组80％管腔内可见血栓回声.20％管腔内无血栓,可见有暗淡彩色血流,并录及低速动脉频谱.ICA远段频谱形态在接近闭组均呈“小慢波”或“单峰状”,在狭窄≥70％～接近闭塞组76.7％频谱毛刺或呈“小慢波”状,在狭窄50％～69％时30.8％频谱毛刺,其余频谱形态正常.结论 经口腔超声能获得ICA近段狭窄或闭塞时颅外远段管腔及血流变化的信息,与高频线阵探头联合应用可扫查ICA颅外全段,具有一定的临床应用价值.     

腔内探头检查锁骨下动脉近端疾病的价值

目的 探讨腔内探头检查双侧锁骨下动脉疾病的价值.方法 (1)对189例老年住院患者分别用腔内凸阵探头、相控阵探头置于胸骨上窝、左锁骨上窝检测左侧锁骨下动脉近端有无斑块、狭窄.(2)分别用腔内凸阵探头、高频探头于胸骨上窝、右锁骨上窝检测右锁下动脉近端有无斑块、狭窄.比较哪种方法取得效果最好.结果 左侧:189例中腔内凸阵探头检测到LSCA近端斑块14例,狭窄4例,相控阵探头检测到LSCA近端斑块5例.右侧:189例中腔内凸阵探头检测到RSCA近端斑块40例(胸骨上窝37例,右锁骨上窝3例),狭窄3例.而高频线阵探头只检测到RSCA近端斑块1例.结论 腔内凸阵探头能非常好的检测右锁骨下动脉近端疾病,能较好的显示左锁骨下动脉近端疾病,早期发现斑块,在对锁骨下动脉盗血的诊断和预防比相控阵探头与高频线阵探头更有价值.     

缺血性脑病患者颈内动脉、椎动脉远段超声检查方法学探讨

目的　探讨低频凸阵探头在颈部血管检查中的应用价值 ,比较高频、低频探头、二维、彩色多普勒和能量多普勒超声的优缺点。方法　对 86例受检者同时采用 7.5 MHz线阵探头和 3.75 MHz凸阵探头的二维(B- U S)、彩色多普勒 (CDFI)、能量多普勒 (CDE)超声 ,观察颈内动脉、椎动脉显示长度。结果　高、低频探头对颈内动脉的显示长度 B- US为 1.85± 0 .4 9cm vs 3.12± 1.5 4 cm,CDFI为 1.93± 0 .5 3cm vs 4 .4± 1.0 1cm,CDE为 2 .0 4± 0 .5 6 cm vs4 .7± 0 .93cm,各组之间差异有显著性意义 ,左右侧之间差异无显著性意义。高频、低频探头对椎动脉的显示长度为 1～ 2个 vs5～ 6个椎间隙 ,2 .0± 0 .83cm vs8.0± 1.2 4 cm,两者差异有显著性意义。结论　低频凸阵探头、能量多普勒能更好地显示远段颈内动脉与椎动脉。     

高频凸阵小探头对急性阑尾炎的检查价值

目的探讨高频凸阵小探头对急性阑尾炎的显示效果。方法 对89例拟诊的急性阑尾炎患者分别用高频线阵和高频凸阵腔内探头作超声检查，比较分析二者的显示效果。结果手术证实63例为急性阑尾炎。高频线阵和高频凸阵小探头对急性阑尾炎的检出率分别是50／63（79．3％）和58／63（92．6％）。结论高频凸阵小探头有利于急性阑尾炎的检出，能够提高诊断准确性。     

两种频率超声探头对椎动脉的对比观察

目的：提高椎动脉彩色多普勒超声检查方法的可靠性。方法：使用高频线阵探头(5～12MHz)和低频凸阵探头(2～4MHz)对112例受检椎动脉进行检查并对照。结果：凸阵探头在观察血流信号的充盈度和频谱的采集上都明显优于线阵探头。结论：凸阵探头频率低，穿透力强，但在观察血管内径、内中膜厚度时则远不如线阵探头，两种探头结合使用，可以更全面地、准确地检测椎动脉血流信号。     

小凸阵探头在椎动脉起始段检测中的应用价值

目的 通过比较高频线阵探头、小凸阵探头对椎动脉起始段的检测结果 ,探讨小凸阵探头在椎动脉起始段超声检测中的应用价值.方法 分别使用高频线阵探头(4.0～10.0 MHz)和小凸阵探头(4.0～11.0 MHz)对80例受检者的160个椎动脉起始部进行针对检查,并对结果 对照观察.结果 高频线阵探头、小凸阵探头对椎动脉起始段的显示率分别为80.62%,96.25%.小凸阵探头对椎动脉起始段的显示率明显高于高频线阵探头.结论 小凸阵探头具有体积小、频率高、视野宽、操作灵活的优点,非常适合于诊断椎动脉起始段病变,值得推广应用.     

腔内凸阵探头检测锁骨下动脉近端的应用价值

因动脉粥样硬化或大动脉炎引起的锁骨下动脉（LSCA）近端（起始部）斑块引起的狭窄继发锁骨下动脉盗血综合征,以往都是用高频探头检查椎动脉,发现椎动脉频谱异常后再用心超探头检查左锁骨下动脉起始部。然而,心超探头频率太低,分辨率不够,部分显示左锁骨下动脉起始部。但对右侧锁骨下动脉及无名动脉则显示不清。高频阵探头频率则太高,不能到达锁骨下动脉起始部。为了解决这一问题,本文探讨腔内凸阵探头在检查锁骨下动脉近端的可行性。     

端扫式凸阵腔内探头联合高频探头经会阴诊断肛瘘

目的 探讨端扫式凸阵腔内探头联合高频探头经会阴部超声术前检查在肛瘘诊断中的临床价值。方法 对临床拟诊肛瘘的87例患者术前进行超声检查,频率5～12MHz的线阵探头结合触诊和视诊检查外口和瘘管,频率3～10MHz端扫式凸阵腔内探头经会阴检查内口和瘘管,确定肛瘘类型和位置,Kappa检验分析超声与手术结果的一致性。结果 87例超声诊断肛瘘和手术结果一致性高,超声诊断肛瘘及其分型、内口、瘘管、外口的准确率分别是75.86%、81.61%、80.64%、83.17%、87.23%,和手术结果一致性高(Kappa=0.344,0.344,0.298,0.407,0.626;p值均为0.000)；端扫式凸阵腔内探头经会阴诊断肛瘘全部表现为高回声外括约肌的中断缺损,并与低回声的瘘管相连。结论 端扫式凸阵腔内探头联合高频探头经会阴超声检查肛瘘具有较高的临床价值,是超声检查肛瘘方法的有力补充。     

高频线阵探头与低频凸阵探头在椎动脉检测中的临床研究

目的 探讨高频线阵探头(HFLP)与低频凸阵探头(LFCP)在椎动脉检查中的使用价值.方法 分别使用HFLP与LFCP对152例住院患者,共计304支椎动脉进行检查,比较两种探头下椎动脉在颈段(V1)和椎段(V2)的二维图像及彩色多普勒血流显像(CDFI),并将二者检查有问题的血管即阳性结果与磁共振血管造影(MRA)阳...     

小凸阵高频探头在儿科腹部超声中的应用探讨

目的:探讨小凸阵高频探头在儿科腹部超声中的应用。方法:选取30例新生儿颅脑,30例小儿胰腺,30例可疑小儿结肠息肉,30例小儿子宫病例,对同一患儿分别应用小凸阵高频探头和线阵高频探头探查,分析小凸阵高频探头和线阵高频探头对上述四种器官的显示率和图像质量。结果:小凸阵高频探头对小儿颅脑、胰腺、结肠息肉和子宫的图像质量明显高于线阵高频探头,对小儿胰腺和结肠息肉的显示率明显高于线阵探头。结论:小凸阵高频探头能显著提升小儿颅脑、胰腺、结肠息肉和子宫的图像质量,提高小儿胰腺和结肠息肉的显示率。     

Ultrasound Doppler spectral analysis in the diagnosis of occlusive lesions of the carotid arteries.

To evaluate the accuracy of Ultrasound Doppler Spectral Analysis (USDA), 432 carotid arteries were examined [group I consisted of 145 cases of normal ICA (internal carotid artery), group II--187 cases of ICA stenosis and group III--100 cases of ICA occlusion]. The maximal systolic peak (Smax), maximal diastolic peak (Dmax), the spectral broadening index (SB) and the pulsativity index (PI) were calculated and related to the degree of stenosis as determined by contrast arteriography. Our results indicate that the change of the value of Smax is the main diagnostic criterion: for carotid arteries' stenoses, it increases to over 3.2 kHz. A Smax over 6.0 kHz is a veritable index of ICA stenosis above 50%: in such cases as the stenosis increases by 10%, this corresponds to an approximately 1 kHz increase of Smax. In ICA occlusion, the main criterion was the absence of blood flow in the distal ICA segment. The UDSA sensitivity in hemodynamically insignificant stenosis is 73.9% which is far higher than in the periorbital Doppler examination; in hemodynamically significant stenosis and ICA occlusions, the sensitivity is 98.6 and 99%, respectively.     

颈内动脉狭窄致发作性意识障碍1例并文献复习

目的：探讨颈内动脉（ICA）狭窄致发作性意识障碍的临床特点及预后。方法：报道我院1例ICA狭窄 致发作性意识障碍并结合文献进行回顾性分析。结果：该患者以发作性意识障碍起病,症状反复,发作时双 上肢震颤,双下肢无力伴站立及行走不能,血管造影显示左侧颈内动脉起始端重度狭窄,狭窄率约70%。搜 索既往报道的ICA狭窄致发作性意识障碍患者20例,常见临床表现有肢体无力、眩晕及视物模糊等,影像 学表现为单侧或双侧的ICA狭窄或闭塞。结论：临床上,ICA狭窄致发作性意识障碍相对罕见,对反复发作 意识障碍的患者,行头颅MRA或脑血管造影筛查颈内动脉系统病因,做到早发现、早治疗。     

氙CT评价颈内和大脑中动脉狭窄或闭塞的脑血流研究

目的探讨颈内/大脑中动脉慢性狭窄、闭塞患者的氙CT脑血流成像表现及其临床应用价值。方法20例颈内/大脑中动脉慢性重度狭窄或闭塞患者行氙CT脑血流成像检查,2例行乙酰唑胺负荷试验。计算出脑血流图,进行定性和定量分析。结果20例颈内/大脑中动脉慢性重度狭窄或闭塞患者,10例单侧ICA/MCA重度狭窄或闭塞患者,7例发现病变侧CBF轻度下降,但无显著性差异(P>0.05)。10例单侧ICA/MCA闭塞,对侧重度狭窄患者,9例CBF图发现异常改变,表现为闭塞侧CBF下降较狭窄侧降低明显(P<0.05);闭塞侧CBF值与单侧病变患者的正常侧比较有显著性差异(P<0.05)。2例行乙酰唑胺负荷试验患者,负荷后CBF降低较负荷前明显。结论氙CT检查能够显示颈内/大脑中动脉慢性重度狭窄或闭塞脑血流情况,有利于临床的诊断和治疗。     

高频探头联合端扫式凸阵腔内探头经会阴超声诊断肛瘘

目的 探讨高频探头联合端扫式凸阵腔内探头经会阴超声对肛瘘的诊断价值。方法 回顾性分析87例接受手术治疗的肛瘘患者，术前均采用频率5~12 MHz线阵探头超声结合触诊和视诊检查外口和瘘管，频率3~10 MHz端扫式凸阵腔内探头经会阴超声检查内口和瘘管，确定肛瘘类型，分析超声与手术结果的一致性。结果 87例中，手术诊断单纯型肛瘘73例、复杂型肛瘘14例，术中见93个内口，101个瘘管，94个外口。超声诊断66例肛瘘，漏诊15例，误诊6例，与手术结果的符合率为75.86%（66/87），Kappa值为0.344（P<0.001）。超声诊断肛瘘内口、瘘管及外口的准确率分别为80.65%（75/93）、83.17%（84/101）及87.23%（82/94），与手术结果一致性的Kappa值分别为0.298、0.407及0.626（P均<0.001）。结论 高频探头联合端扫式凸阵腔内探头经会阴超声检查有助于诊断肛瘘。     

颈内动脉粥样硬化狭窄血管内支架置入术的疗效观察

目的:观察颈内动脉血管内支架置入术治疗颈动脉粥样硬化性高度狭窄的安全性和疗效。方法:10例颈内动脉高度狭窄患者均使用保护伞装置后置入自膨式支架,2例患者进行球囊预扩张,1例在支架释放后扩张。结果:患者平均狭窄由(78.3%±9.4%)下降至(12.5%±7.2%)。3例患者在术中保护伞装置中回收有黄色片状碎组织物;8例患者有不同程度的心率下降,3例进行了药物处理,其中1例有心率及血压下降持续3 d并出现脑低灌注表现。随访6个月未出现新发脑卒中和支架侧颈内动脉系统短暂性脑缺血发作,超声检查未发现明显颈内动脉支架部位再狭窄,支架形态无改变。结论:颈内动脉自膨式支架置入术治疗颈内动脉粥样硬化狭窄安全有效,但仍需随机对照研究进行长期疗效观察。     

Independent risk factor for moderate to severe internal carotid artery stenosis: T786C mutation of the endothelial nitric oxide synthase gene

BACKGROUND: NO synthesized from L-arginine by the constitutive endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) plays a key role in the atherosclerotic process. We investigated whether common variants in the NOS3 gene (a T786C mutation in the 5' flanking region and the polymorphism on exon 7 that produced the Glu298Arg polymorphism in the protein) are associated with an increased risk of moderate to severe internal carotid artery (ICA) stenosis. METHODS: We studied 88 patients consecutively operated for ICA stenosis and 133 healthy controls. A T786C mutation in the 5' flanking region and the polymorphism in exon 7 that produces the Glu298Asp polymorphism in the protein were explored by PCR and fluorescent probe analysis. RESULTS: Genotype distribution was significantly different between patients and controls only for T786C, the CC genotype frequency being 26% and 13%, respectively [odds ratio (OR), 2.26; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.14-4.46; P = 0.018]. Moreover, the CC genotype was significantly more frequent in a subgroup of patients with ulcerative plaques compared with patients with nonulcerative lesions (44% vs 17%; OR, 3.82; 95% CI, 1.79-8.14; P = 0.003). Multiple logistic regression analysis using the most frequent risk factors and the eNOS gene variant showed that the CC genotype is an independent risk factor for ICA stenosis (P = 0.023). CONCLUSION: C allele homozygosity in position 786 of the eNOS promoter seems to be an independent risk factor for the development of moderate to severe ICA stenosis, especially ulcerative lesions.     

CT灌注成像联合CT血管造影评价颈内动脉或大脑中动脉狭窄患者脑血流灌注及Willis环结构对灌注分布的影响

目的 探讨脑CT灌注(CTP)成像联合CTA检查颈内动脉或大脑中动脉狭窄患者脑血流灌注情况及Willis环结构对脑血流灌注分布影响的价值。方法 对经颅多普勒(TCD)诊为单侧颈动脉狭窄的42例患者行CTP联合CTA检查,观察血管狭窄部位、程度、Willis环形态及脑血流灌注情况。结果 经CTP联合CTA检查,29例为颈内动脉狭窄,13例为大脑中动脉狭窄;轻度狭窄11例,中度狭窄13例,重度狭窄14例,闭塞4例。狭窄侧与对侧血管相比,轻度狭窄患者各灌注参数差异均无统计学意义(P均>0.05);中度狭窄患者狭窄侧MTT、TTP高于对侧(P均<0.05);重度狭窄或闭塞患者狭窄侧CBF低于对侧,CBV、MTT、TTP高于对侧(P均<0.05)。42例中21例存在灌注异常,颈内动脉与大脑中动脉狭窄患者间异常灌注区分型差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 CTP联合CTA检查可较好地评价颈内动脉或大脑中动脉狭窄患者脑血流动力学及Willis环血管形态。     

Functional assessment of high-grade ICA stenosis with duplex ultrasound and transcranial Doppler

Background: Duplex ultrasound (DUS) has shown a >90% accuracy compared to angiography, concerning the degree of internal carotid artery (ICA) stenosis. However, uncertainty may occur in a severe stenosis, in which peak systolic velocity (PSV) may decrease owing to high flow resistance or high backward pressure. We investigated intracranial collateral flows using transcranial Doppler (TCD) to further evaluate the hemodynamic significance of high‐grade ICA stenosis. Methods: In this retrospective study, 320 consecutive symptomatic patients were examined. The degree of ICA stenosis and collateral capacity in the circle of Willis was investigated by DUS and TCD. In addition, magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) was added in a subgroup of 204 patients. The criterion for hemodynamic significant ICA stenosis was established collateral flow. Results: In 91% of all symptomatic vessels (291 vessels), an ICA stenosis of ≥70% was found. Established collateral flow always indicated precerebral carotid artery disease of ≥70%. Furthermore, in 11% of the whole study material, collateral reserve capacity was found despite high‐grade (≥70%) ICA stenosis. PSV in ICA <2·5 m s^?1 was combined with established collateral flow and MRA stenosis of ≥70% in 9% (19 arterial systems). In 4%, doubt existed concerning the degree of stenosis after DUS. Conclusion: Transcranial Doppler helps to determine whether an ICA stenosis is of hemodynamic significance and to assess collateral patterns. Established collateral blood flow will help to identify patients with ≥70% (ECST) carotid artery disease. TCD might be of value when flow velocity criteria combined with plaque assessment by DUS are inclusive. Other diagnostic methods may also be considered.     

经阴道或会阴超声端扫式凸阵探头定位女性肛瘘内口

目的 探讨经阴道或会阴超声端扫式凸阵腔内探头定位女性肛瘘内口的价值。方法 对17例肛瘘患者（病例组）和15名对照组女性于术前采用频率3~10 MHz端扫式凸阵腔内探头检查肛瘘内口,术后与手术结果相对照。结果 所有患者均能耐受检查。病例组17例共18个肛瘘内口,术前超声发现16个,超声诊断符合率为88.89%（16/18）;对照组均能清楚显示肛管三层结构。结论 经阴道或会阴超声端扫式腔内探头定位女性肛瘘内口临床价值较高。