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1.
A.A. Fernandes T. de O. Faria R.F. Ribeiro Júnior G.P. Costa B. Marchezini E.A. Silveira J.K. Angeli I. Stefanon D.V. Vassallo J.H. Lizardo 《Brazilian journal of medical and biological research》2015,48(9):813-821
Resistance training evokes myocardial adaptation; however, the effects of a single
resistance exercise session on cardiac performance are poorly understood or
investigated. This study aimed to investigate the effects of a single resistance
exercise session on the myocardial contractility of spontaneously hypertensive rats
(SHRs). Male 3-month-old SHRs were divided into two groups: control (Ct) and exercise
(Ex). Control animals were submitted to sham exercise. Blood pressure was measured in
conscious rats before the exercise session to confirm the presence of arterial
hypertension. Ten minutes after the exercise session, the animals were anesthetized
and killed, and the hearts were removed. Cardiac contractility was evaluated in the
whole heart by the Langendorff technique and by isometric contractions of isolated
left ventricular papillary muscles. SERCA2a, phospholamban (PLB), and phosphorylated
PLB expression were investigated by Western blot. Exercise increased force
development of isolated papillary muscles (Ex=1.0±0.1 g/mg vs
Ct=0.63±0.2 g/mg, P<0.05). Post-rest contraction was greater in the exercised
animals (Ex=4.1±0.4% vs Ct=1.7±0.2%, P<0.05). Papillary muscles
of exercised animals developed greater force under increasing isoproterenol
concentrations (P<0.05). In the isolated heart, exercise increased left
ventricular isovolumetric systolic pressure (LVISP; Δ +39 mmHg; P<0.05) from
baseline conditions. Hearts from the exercised rats presented a greater response to
increasing diastolic pressure. Positive inotropic intervention to calcium and
isoproterenol resulted in greater LVISP in exercised animals (P<0.05). The results
demonstrated that a single resistance exercise session improved myocardial
contractility in SHRs. 相似文献
2.
E.F.S. Castro C.T. Mostarda B. Rodrigues I.C. Moraes-Silva D.J. Feriani K. De Angelis M.C. Irigoyen 《Brazilian journal of medical and biological research》2015,48(4):332-338
The present study aimed to study the effects of exercise training (ET) performed by
rats on a 10-week high-fructose diet on metabolic, hemodynamic, and autonomic
changes, as well as intraocular pressure (IOP). Male Wistar rats receiving fructose
overload in drinking water (100 g/L) were concomitantly trained on a treadmill for 10
weeks (FT group) or kept sedentary (F group), and a control group (C) was kept in
normal laboratory conditions. The metabolic evaluation comprised the Lee index,
glycemia, and insulin tolerance test (KITT). Arterial pressure (AP) was measured
directly, and systolic AP variability was performed to determine peripheral autonomic
modulation. ET attenuated impaired metabolic parameters, AP, IOP, and ocular
perfusion pressure (OPP) induced by fructose overload (FT vs F). The
increase in peripheral sympathetic modulation in F rats, demonstrated by systolic AP
variance and low frequency (LF) band (F: 37±2, 6.6±0.3 vs C: 26±3,
3.6±0.5 mmHg2), was prevented by ET (FT: 29±3, 3.4±0.7 mmHg2).
Positive correlations were found between the LF band and right IOP (r=0.57, P=0.01)
and left IOP (r=0.64, P=0.003). Negative correlations were noted between KITT values
and right IOP (r=-0.55, P=0.01) and left IOP (r=-0.62, P=0.005). ET in rats
effectively prevented metabolic abnormalities and AP and IOP increases promoted by a
high-fructose diet. In addition, ocular benefits triggered by exercise training were
associated with peripheral autonomic improvement. 相似文献
3.
F.J. Neves A.C.G. Carvalho N.G. Rocha B.M. Silva A.R.K. Sales R.R.T. de Castro J.D. Rocha T.G. Thomaz A.C.L. Nóbrega 《Brazilian journal of medical and biological research》2012,45(7):610-616
To determine the hemodynamic mechanisms responsible for the attenuated blood pressure response to mental stress after exercise, 26 healthy sedentary individuals (age 29 ± 8 years) underwent the Stroop color-word test before and 60 min after a bout of maximal dynamic exercise on a treadmill. A subgroup (N = 11) underwent a time-control experiment without exercise. Blood pressure was continuously and noninvasively recorded by infrared finger photoplethysmography. Stroke volume was derived from pressure signals, and cardiac output and peripheral vascular resistance were calculated. Perceived mental stress scores were comparable between mental stress tests both in the exercise (P = 0.96) and control (P = 0.24) experiments. After exercise, the systolic blood pressure response to mental stress was attenuated (pre: 10 ± 13 vs post: 6 ± 7 mmHg; P < 0.01) along with lower values of systolic blood pressure (pre: 129 ± 3 vs post: 125 ± 3 mmHg; P < 0.05), stroke volume (pre: 89.4 ± 3.5 vs post: 76.8 ± 3.8 mL; P < 0.05), and cardiac output (pre: 7.00 ± 0.30 vs post: 6.51 ± 0.36 L/min; P < 0.05). Except for heart rate, the hemodynamic responses and the mean values during the two mental stress tests in the control experiment were similar (P > 0.05). In conclusion, a single bout of maximal dynamic exercise attenuates the blood pressure response to mental stress in healthy subjects, along with lower stroke volume and cardiac output, denoting an acute modulatory action of exercise on the central hemodynamic response to mental stress. 相似文献
4.
N. Bernardes J.O. Brito T.G. Fernandes S.F. Llesuy M.C. Irigoyen A. Belló-Klein K. De Angelis 《Brazilian journal of medical and biological research》2013,46(5):447-453
This study tested the hypothesis that simvastatin treatment can improve
cardiovascular and autonomic functions and membrane lipoperoxidation, with an
increased effect when applied to physically trained ovariectomized rats.
Ovariectomized rats were divided into sedentary, sedentary+simvastatin and
trained+simvastatin groups (n = 8 each). Exercise training was
performed on a treadmill for 8 weeks and simvastatin (5 mg/kg) was
administered in the last 2 weeks. Blood pressure (BP) was recorded in conscious
animals. Baroreflex sensitivity was evaluated by the tachycardic and bradycardic
responses to BP changes. Cardiac vagal and sympathetic effects were determined
using methylatropine and propranolol. Oxidative stress was evaluated based on
heart and liver lipoperoxidation using the chemiluminescence method. The
simvastatin-treated groups presented reduced body weight and mean BP
(trained+simvastatin = 99 ± 2 and sedentary+simvastatin
= 107 ± 2 mmHg) compared to the sedentary group (122
± 1 mmHg). Furthermore, the trained group showed lower BP and
heart rate compared to the other groups. Tachycardic and bradycardic responses
were enhanced in both simvastatin-treated groups. The vagal effect was increased
in the trained+simvastatin group and the sympathetic effect was decreased
in the sedentary+simvastatin group. Hepatic lipoperoxidation was reduced in
sedentary+simvastatin (≈21%) and trained+simvastatin
groups (≈57%) compared to the sedentary group. Correlation
analysis involving all animals demonstrated that cardiac lipoperoxidation was
negatively related to the vagal effect (r = -0.7) and positively
correlated to the sympathetic effect (r = 0.7). In conclusion,
improvement in cardiovascular and autonomic functions associated with a
reduction of lipoperoxidation with simvastatin treatment was increased in
trained ovariectomized rats. 相似文献
5.
M.T. Durand A.L. Mota A.R. Barale J.A. Castania R. Fazan Jr. H.C. Salgado 《Brazilian journal of medical and biological research》2012,45(5):444-449
The time to reach the maximum response of arterial pressure, heart rate and vascular resistance (hindquarter and mesenteric) was measured in conscious male spontaneously hypertensive (SHR) and normotensive control rats (NCR; Wistar; 18-22 weeks) subjected to electrical stimulation of the aortic depressor nerve (ADN). The parameters of stimulation were 1 mA intensity and 2 ms pulse length applied for 5 s, using frequencies of 10, 30, and 90 Hz. The time to reach the hemodynamic responses at different frequencies of ADN stimulation was similar for SHR (N = 15) and NCR (N = 14); hypotension = NCR (4194 ± 336 to 3695 ± 463 ms) vs SHR (3475 ± 354 to 4494 ± 300 ms); bradycardia = NCR (1618 ± 152 to 1358 ± 185 ms) vs SHR (1911 ± 323 to 1852 ± 431 ms), and the fall in hindquarter vascular resistance = NCR (6054 ± 486 to 6550 ± 847 ms) vs SHR (4849 ± 918 to 4926 ± 646 ms); mesenteric = NCR (5574 ± 790 to 5752 ± 539 ms) vs SHR (5638 ± 648 to 6777 ± 624 ms). In addition, ADN stimulation produced baroreflex responses characterized by a faster cardiac effect followed by a vascular effect, which together contributed to the decrease in arterial pressure. Therefore, the results indicate that there is no alteration in the conduction of the electrical impulse after the site of baroreceptor mechanical transduction in the baroreflex pathway (central and/or efferent) in conscious SHR compared to NCR. 相似文献
6.
M.A. Carneiro-Júnior J.F. Quint?o-Júnior L.R. Drummond V.N. Lavorato F.R. Drummond M.A. Amadeu E.M. Oliveira L.B. Felix J.S. Cruz J.G. Mill A.J. Natali T.N. Prímola-Gomes 《Brazilian journal of medical and biological research》2014,47(11):960-965
In cardiomyocytes, calcium (Ca2+) release units comprise clusters of
intracellular Ca2+ release channels located on the sarcoplasmic reticulum,
and hypertension is well established as a cause of defects in calcium release unit
function. Our objective was to determine whether endurance exercise training could
attenuate the deleterious effects of hypertension on calcium release unit components
and Ca2+ sparks in left ventricular myocytes of spontaneously hypertensive
rats. Male Wistar and spontaneously hypertensive rats (4 months of age) were divided
into 4 groups: normotensive (NC) and hypertensive control (HC), and normotensive (NT)
and hypertensive trained (HT) animals (7 rats per group). NC and HC rats were
submitted to a low-intensity treadmill running protocol (5 days/week, 1 h/day, 0%
grade, and 50-60% of maximal running speed) for 8 weeks. Gene expression of the
ryanodine receptor type 2 (RyR2) and
FK506 binding protein (FKBP12.6) increased
(270%) and decreased (88%), respectively, in HC compared to NC rats. Endurance
exercise training reversed these changes by reducing RyR2 (230%) and
normalizing FKBP12.6 gene expression (112%). Hypertension also
increased the frequency of Ca2+ sparks (HC=7.61±0.26 vs
NC=4.79±0.19 per 100 µm/s) and decreased its amplitude (HC=0.260±0.08
vs NC=0.324±0.10 ΔF/F0), full width at half-maximum
amplitude (HC=1.05±0.08 vs NC=1.26±0.01 µm), total duration
(HC=11.51±0.12 vs NC=14.97±0.24 ms), time to peak (HC=4.84±0.06
vs NC=6.31±0.14 ms), and time constant of decay (HC=8.68±0.12
vs NC=10.21±0.22 ms). These changes were partially reversed in HT
rats (frequency of Ca2+ sparks=6.26±0.19 µm/s, amplitude=0.282±0.10
ΔF/F0, full width at half-maximum amplitude=1.14±0.01 µm, total
duration=13.34±0.17 ms, time to peak=5.43±0.08 ms, and time constant of
decay=9.43±0.15 ms). Endurance exercise training attenuated the deleterious effects
of hypertension on calcium release units of left ventricular myocytes. 相似文献
7.
S. F. Fonseca M. C. Teles V. G. C. Ribeiro F. C. Magalh?es V. A. Mendon?a M. F. D. Peixoto L. H. R. Leite C. C. Coimbra A. C. R. Lacerda 《Brazilian journal of medical and biological research》2015,48(12):1122-1129
Individuals with systemic arterial hypertension have a higher risk of heat-related
complications. Thus, the aim of this study was to examine the thermoregulatory
responses of hypertensive subjects during recovery from moderate-intensity exercise
performed in the heat. A total of eight essential hypertensive (H) and eight
normotensive (N) male subjects (age=46.5±1.3 and 45.6±1.4 years, body mass
index=25.8±0.8 and 25.6±0.6 kg/m2, mean arterial pressure=98.0±2.8 and
86.0±2.3 mmHg, respectively) rested for 30 min, performed 1 h of treadmill exercise
at 50% of maximal oxygen consumption, and rested for 1 h after exercise in an
environmental chamber at 38°C and 60% relative humidity. Skin and core temperatures
were measured to calculate heat exchange parameters. Mean arterial pressure was
higher in the hypertensive than in the normotensive subjects throughout the
experiment (P<0.05, unpaired t-test). The hypertensive subjects
stored less heat (H=-24.23±3.99 W·m−2
vs N=-13.63±2.24 W·m−2, P=0.03, unpaired
t-test), experienced greater variations in body temperature
(H=-0.62±0.05°C vsN=-0.35±0.12°C, P=0.03, unpaired
t-test), and had more evaporated sweat (H=-106.1±4.59
W·m−2
vs N=-91.15±3.24 W·m−2, P=0.01, unpaired
t-test) than the normotensive subjects during the period of
recovery from exercise. In conclusion, essential hypertensive subjects showed greater
sweat evaporation and increased heat dissipation and body cooling relative to
normotensive subjects during recovery from moderate-intensity exercise performed in
hot conditions. 相似文献
8.
C.O. Francisco A.M. Catai S.C.G. Moura-Tonello S.L.B. Lopes B.G. Benze A.M. Del Vale A.M.O. Leal 《Brazilian journal of medical and biological research》2014,47(5):426-431
The objective of this study was to evaluate cardiorespiratory fitness and pulmonary
function and the relationship with metabolic variables and C-reactive protein (CRP)
plasma levels in individuals with diabetes mellitus (DM). Nineteen men with diabetes
and 19 age- and gender-matched control subjects were studied. All individuals were
given incremental cardiopulmonary exercise and pulmonary function tests. In the
exercise test, maximal workload (158.3±22.3 vs 135.1±25.2, P=0.005),
peak heart rate (HRpeak: 149±12 vs 139±10, P=0.009), peak
oxygen uptake (VO2peak: 24.2±3.2 vs 18.9±2.8,
P<0.001), and anaerobic threshold (VO2VT: 14.1±3.4 vs
12.2±2.2, P=0.04) were significantly lower in individuals with diabetes than in
control subjects. Pulmonary function test parameters, blood pressure, lipid profile
(triglycerides, HDL, LDL, and total cholesterol), and CRP plasma levels were not
different in control subjects and individuals with DM. No correlations were observed
between hemoglobin A1C (HbA1c), CRP and pulmonary function test and cardiopulmonary
exercise test performance. In conclusion, the results demonstrate that nonsmoking
individuals with DM have decreased cardiorespiratory fitness that is not correlated
with resting pulmonary function parameters, HbA1c, and CRP plasma levels. 相似文献
9.
M. Fioresi L.B. Furieri M.R. Sim?es R.F. Ribeiro Junior E.F. Meira A.A. Fernandes I. Stefanon D.V. Vassallo 《Brazilian journal of medical and biological research》2013,46(2):178-185
We studied the effects of the acute administration of small doses of lead over
time on hemodynamic parameters in anesthetized rats to determine if myocardial
contractility changes are dependent or not on the development of hypertension.
Male Wistar rats received 320 µg/kg lead acetate iv once, and
their hemodynamic parameters were measured for 2 h. Cardiac contractility was
evaluated in vitro using left ventricular papillary muscles as
were Na+,K+-ATPase and myosin Ca2+-ATPase
activities. Lead increased left- (control: 112 ± 3.7 vs lead:
129 ± 3.2 mmHg) and right-ventricular systolic pressures (control: 28 ± 1.2
vs lead: 34 ± 1.2 mmHg) significantly without modifying
heart rate. Papillary muscles were exposed to 8 µM lead acetate and evaluated
60 min later. Isometric contractions increased (control: 0.546 ± 0.07
vs lead: 0.608 ± 0.06 g/mg) and time to peak tension
decreased (control: 268 ± 13 vs lead: 227 ± 5.58 ms), but
relaxation time was unchanged. Post-pause potentiation was similar between
groups (n = 6 per group), suggesting no change in sarcoplasmic reticulum
activity, evaluated indirectly by this protocol. After 1-h exposure to lead
acetate, the papillary muscles became hyperactive in response to a β-adrenergic
agonist (10 µM isoproterenol). In addition, post-rest contractions decreased,
suggesting a reduction in sarcolemmal calcium influx. The heart samples treated
with 8 µM lead acetate presented increased Na+,K+-ATPase
(approximately 140%, P < 0.05 for control vs lead) and
myosin ATPase (approximately 30%, P < 0.05 for control vs
lead) activity. Our results indicated that acute exposure to low lead
concentrations produces direct positive inotropic and lusitropic effects on
myocardial contractility and increases the right and left ventricular systolic
pressure, thus potentially contributing to the early development of
hypertension. 相似文献
10.
Dipyrone (Dp), 4-aminoantipyrine (AA), and antipyrine (At) delay liquid gastric
emptying (GE) in rats. We evaluated adrenergic participation in this phenomenon
in a study in male Wistar rats (250-300 g) pretreated subcutaneously with
guanethidine (GUA), 100 mg·kg−1·day−1, or vehicle (V) for
2 days before experimental treatments. Other groups of animals were pretreated
intravenously (iv) 15 min before treatment with V, prazosin
(PRA; 1 mg/kg), yohimbine (YOH; 3 mg/kg), or propranolol (PRO; 4 mg/kg), or with
intracerebroventricular (icv) administration of 25 µg PRO or V.
The groups were treated iv with saline or with 240 µmol/kg Dp,
AA, or At. GE was determined 10 min later by measuring the percentage of gastric
retention (%GR) of saline labeled with phenol red 10 min after gavage. %GR
(mean±SE, n=8) indicated that GUA abolished the effect of Dp (GUA
vs V=31.7±1.6 vs 47.1±2.3%) and of At
(33.2±2.3 vs 54.7±3.6%) on GE and significantly reduced the
effect of AA (48.1±3.2 vs 67.2±3.1%). PRA and YOH did not
modify the effect of the drugs. %GR (mean±SE, n=8) indicated that
iv, but not icv, PRO abolished the effect
of Dp (PRO vs V=29.1±1.7 vs 46.9±2.7%) and At
(30.5±1.7 vs 49±3.2%) and significantly reduced the effect of
AA (48.4±2.6 vs 59.5±3.1%). These data suggest activation of
peripheral β-adrenoceptors in the delayed GE induced by phenylpyrazolone
derivatives. 相似文献
11.
Kuru O Sentürk UK Demir N Yeşilkaya A Ergüler G Erkiliç M 《European journal of applied physiology》2002,87(2):134-140
Regular training lowers blood pressure in hypertensive humans and other animals. We investigated the response to 4 weeks
of treadmill exercise training in hypertensive male Wistar rats receiving the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor N
ω-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME). The rats were on either a short- (4 weeks) or long-term (10 weeks) L-NAME treatment protocol and were subjected to running exercise that started concomitantly in the short-term group and in
the 6th week in the long-term group. Four weeks of exercise training induced a fall in mean arterial pressure in both the
short- [mean (SEM) 137.6 (4.0) mmHg] and long-term hypertensive groups [161.4 (2.3) mmHg] compared to their sedentary hypertensive
controls [160.4 (3.3) mmHg and 176.8 (8.9) mmHg, respectively]. Exercise also increased muscle nitric oxide synthase activity
in both of the trained hypertensive groups. Muscle nitrite levels were higher in the exercising short-term hypertensive group
compared to both the sedentary control and the sedentary hypertensive groups, and were not different between the sedentary
and exercising long-term hypertensive groups. Increased wall thickness of the aortic and mesenteric vessels was observed in
the hypertensive groups, but was prevented in the exercising long-term hypertensive group. In rat, exercise reduces the elevated
blood pressure in L-NAME-induced hypertension via increasing nitric oxide synthase activity. Changes in vessel structure with exercise training
may also be involved in the blood-pressure-lowering effects.
Electronic Publication 相似文献
12.
Maria Fernanda Cury Rodrigues Uliana Sbeguen Stotzer Mateus Moraes Domingos Rafael Deminice Gilberto Eiji Shiguemoto Luciane Magri Tomaz Nuno Manuel Frade de Sousa Fabiano Candido Ferreira Richard Diego Leite Heloisa Sobreiro Selistre-de-Araújo Alceu Afonso Jord?o-Júnior Vilmar Baldissera Sérgio Eduardo de Andrade Perez 《Clinics (S?o Paulo, Brazil)》2013,68(9):1247-1254
OBJECTIVE:
The objective of this study was to assess the effects of resistance training on oxidative stress markers in the livers of ovariectomized rats.METHOD:
Adult Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into the following four groups (n = 8 per group): sham-operated sedentary, ovariectomized sedentary, sham-operated resistance training, and ovariectomized resistance training. During the resistance training period, the animals climbed a 1.1-m vertical ladder with weights attached to their tails; the sessions were conducted 3 times per week, with 4-9 climbs and 8-12 dynamic movements per climb. The oxidative stress was assessed by measuring the levels of reduced glutathione and oxidized glutathione, the enzymatic activity of catalase and superoxide dismutase, lipid peroxidation, vitamin E concentrations, and the gene expression of glutathione peroxidase.RESULTS:
The results showed significant reductions in the reduced glutathione/oxidized glutathione ratio (4.11±0.65 nmol/g tec), vitamin E concentration (55.36±11.11 nmol/g), and gene expression of glutathione peroxidase (0.49±0.16 arbitrary units) in the livers of ovariectomized rats compared with the livers of unovariectomized animals (5.71±0.71 nmol/g tec, 100.14±10.99 nmol/g, and 1.09±0.54 arbitrary units, respectively). Moreover, resistance training for 10 weeks was not able to reduce the oxidative stress in the livers of ovariectomized rats and induced negative changes in the hepatic anti-oxidative/oxidative balance.CONCLUSION:
Our findings indicate that the resistance training program used in this study was not able to attenuate the hepatic oxidative damage caused by ovariectomy and increased the hepatic oxidative stress. 相似文献13.
14.
Alexandre Ceroni Laiali J. Chaar Rafael L. Bombein Lisete C. Michelini 《Experimental physiology》2009,94(6):630-640
We investigate whether arterial baroreceptors mediate the training-induced blood pressure fall and resting bradycardia in hypertensive (SHR) and normotensive rats (WKY). Male SHR and WKY rats, submitted to sino-aortic denervation (SAD) or sham surgery (SHAM group), were allocated to training (T; 55% of maximal exercise capacity) or sedentary (S) protocols for 3 months. Rats were instrumented with arterial and venous catheters for haemodynamic measurements at rest (power spectral analysis) and baroreceptor testing. Kidney and skeletal muscles were processed for morphometric analysis of arterioles. Elevated mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR) in SHAM SHRS were accompanied by increased sympathetic variability and arteriolar wall/lumen ratio [+3.4-fold on low-frequency (LF) power and +70%, respectively, versus WKYS, P < 0.05]. Training caused significant HR (∼9% in WKY and SHR) and MAP reductions (−8% in the SHR), simultaneously with improvement of baroreceptor reflex control of HR (SHR and WKY), LF reduction (with a positive correlation between LF power and MAP levels in the SHR) and normalization of wall/lumen ratio of the skeletal muscle arterioles (SHR only). In contrast, SAD increased pressure variability in both strains of rats, causing reductions in MAP (−13%) and arteriolar wall/lumen ratio (−35%) only in the SHRS. Training effects were completely blocked by SAD in both strains; in addition, after SAD the resting MAP and HR and the wall/lumen ratio of skeletal muscle arterioles were higher in SHRT versus SHRS and similar to those of SHAM SHRS. The lack of training-induced effects in the chronic absence of baroreceptor inputs strongly suggests that baroreceptor signalling plays a decisive role in driving beneficial training-induced cardiovascular adjustments. 相似文献
15.
A. Sardinha C.G.S. Araújo A.E. Nardi 《Brazilian journal of medical and biological research》2012,45(12):1320-1326
Regular physical exercise has been shown to favorably influence mood and anxiety; however, there are few studies regarding psychiatric aspects of physically active patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). The objective of the present study was to compare the prevalence of psychiatric disorders and cardiac anxiety in sedentary and exercising CAD patients. A total sample of 119 CAD patients (74 men) were enrolled in a case-control study. The subjects were interviewed to identify psychiatric disorders and responded to the Cardiac Anxiety Questionnaire. In the exercise group (N = 60), there was a lower prevalence (45 vs 81%; P < 0.001) of at least one psychiatric diagnosis, as well as multiple comorbidities, when compared to the sedentary group (N = 59). Considering the Cardiac Anxiety Questionnaire, sedentary patients presented higher scores compared to exercisers (mean ± SEM = 55.8 ± 1.9 vs 37.3 ± 1.6; P < 0.001). In a regression model, to be attending a medically supervised exercise program presented a relevant potential for a 35% reduction in cardiac anxiety. CAD patients regularly attending an exercise program presented less current psychiatric diagnoses and multiple mental-related comorbidities and lower scores of cardiac anxiety. These salutary mental effects add to the already known health benefits of exercise for CAD patients. 相似文献
16.
Paula Wesendonck Caponi Alexandre Machado Lehnen Graziela Hünning Pinto Júlia Borges Melissa Markoski Ubiratan F. Machado Beatriz D'Agord Schaan 《Clinics (S?o Paulo, Brazil)》2013,68(7):1010-1017
OBJECTIVES:
We evaluated the effects of aerobic exercise training without dietary changes on cardiovascular and metabolic variables and on the expression of glucose transporter Type 4 in rats with metabolic syndrome.METHODS:
Twenty male spontaneously hypertensive rats received monosodium glutamate during the neonatal period. The animals were allocated to the following groups: MS (sedentary metabolic syndrome), MS-T (trained on a treadmill for 1 hour/day, 5 days/week for 10 weeks), H (sedentary spontaneously hypertensive rats) and H-T (trained spontaneously hypertensive rats). The Lee index, blood pressure (tail-cuff system), insulin sensitivity (insulin tolerance test) and functional capacity were evaluated before and after 10 weeks of training. Glucose transporter Type 4 expression was analyzed using Western blotting. The data were compared using analysis of variance (ANOVA) (p<0.05).RESULTS:
At baseline, the MS rats exhibited lower insulin sensitivity and increased Lee index compared with the H rats. Training decreased the body weight and Lee index of the MS rats (MS-T vs. MS), but not of the H rats (H-T vs. H). There were no differences in food intake between the groups. At the end of the experiments, the systolic blood pressure was lower in the two trained groups than in their sedentary controls. Whole-body insulin sensitivity increased in the trained groups. Glucose transporter Type 4 content increased in the heart, white adipose tissue and gastrocnemius muscle of the trained groups relative to their respective untrained groups.CONCLUSION:
In conclusion, the present study shows that an isolated aerobic exercise training intervention is an efficient means of improving several components of metabolic syndrome, that is, training reduces obesity and hypertension and increases insulin sensitivity. 相似文献17.
G. Borghetti R.K. Yamazaki I. Coelho D.C.T. Pequito D.L. Schiessel M. Kryczyk R. Mamus K. Naliwaiko L.C. Fernandes 《Brazilian journal of medical and biological research》2013,46(8):696-699
We investigated the effect of fish oil (FO) supplementation on tumor growth,
cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ),
and RelA gene and protein expression in Walker 256 tumor-bearing rats. Male Wistar
rats (70 days old) were fed with regular chow (group W) or chow supplemented with 1
g/kg body weight FO daily (group WFO) until they reached 100 days of age. Both groups
were then inoculated with a suspension of Walker 256 ascitic tumor cells
(3×107 cells/mL). After 14 days the rats were killed, total RNA was
isolated from the tumor tissue, and relative mRNA expression was measured using the
2-ΔΔCT method. FO significantly decreased tumor growth (W=13.18±1.58
vs WFO=5.40±0.88 g, P<0.05). FO supplementation also resulted
in a significant decrease in COX-2 (W=100.1±1.62 vs WFO=59.39±5.53,
P<0.001) and PPARγ (W=100.4±1.04 vs WFO=88.22±1.46, P<0.05)
protein expression. Relative mRNA expression was W=1.06±0.022 vs
WFO=0.31±0.04 (P<0.001) for COX-2, W=1.08±0.02 vs WFO=0.52±0.08
(P<0.001) for PPARγ, and W=1.04±0.02 vs WFO=0.82±0.04 (P<0.05)
for RelA. FO reduced tumor growth by attenuating inflammatory gene expression
associated with carcinogenesis. 相似文献
18.
Katarina Steding‐Ehrenborg Robert C. Boushel José A. Calbet Per ?keson Stefan P. Mortensen 《The Journal of physiology》2015,593(23):5157-5166
AbstractAge‐related decline in cardiac function can be prevented or postponed by lifelong endurance training. However, effects of normal ageing as well as of lifelong endurance exercise on longitudinal and radial contribution to stroke volume are unknown. The aim of this study was to determine resting longitudinal and radial pumping in elderly athletes, sedentary elderly and young sedentary subjects. Furthermore, we aimed to investigate determinants of maximal cardiac output in elderly. Eight elderly athletes (63 ± 4 years), seven elderly sedentary (66 ± 4 years) and ten young sedentary subjects (29 ± 4 years) underwent cardiac magnetic resonance imaging. All subjects underwent maximal exercise testing and for elderly subjects maximal cardiac output during cycling was determined using a dye dilution technique. Longitudinal and radial contribution to stroke volume did not differ between groups (longitudinal left ventricle (LV) 52–65%, P = 0.12, right ventricle (RV) 77–87%, P = 0.16, radial 7.9–8.6%, P = 1.0). Left ventricular atrioventricular plane displacement (LVAVPD) was higher in elderly athletes and young sedentary compared with elderly sedentary subjects (14 ± 3, 15 ± 2 and 11 ± 1 mm, respectively, P < 0.05). There was no difference between groups for RVAVPD (P = 0.2). LVAVPD was an independent predictor of maximal cardiac output (R
2 = 0.61, P < 0.01, β = 0.78). Longitudinal and radial contributions to stroke volume did not differ between groups. However, how longitudinal pumping was achieved differed; elderly athletes and young sedentary subjects showed similar AVPD whereas this was significantly lower in elderly sedentary subjects. Elderly sedentary subjects achieved longitudinal pumping through increased short‐axis area of the ventricle. Large AVPD was a determinant of maximal cardiac output and exercise capacity.
Abbreviations
- AVPD
- atrioventricular plane displacement
- BSA
- body surface area
- CO
- cardiac output
- EDV
- end‐diastolic volumes
- ESV
- end‐systolic volumes
- ICG
- indocyanine green
- LA
- left atrium
- LV
- left ventricle
- LVM
- left ventricular mass
- MRI
- magnetic resonance imaging
- RA
- right atrium
- RV
- right ventricle
- SV
- stroke volume
- SVlong
- longitudinal contribution to stroke volume
- THV
- total heart volume
19.
Veiga EC Antonio EL Bocalini DS Murad N Abreu LC Tucci PJ Sato MA 《Clinics (S?o Paulo, Brazil)》2011,66(5):889-893
OBJECTIVE:
This study aimed to investigate whether previous exercise training could prevent or attenuate acute cardiac alterations after myocardial infarction.METHODS:
Female rats were submitted to swim training (1 h/day; 5 days/week) or allowed to remain sedentary for 8 weeks. Afterwards, they were randomly assigned to left coronary artery occlusion or sham surgery. After this procedure, the rats remained sedentary for one week until euthanasia. Cardiac structural and functional analyses were performed using Doppler echocardiography. The rats that had a moderate or large infarct size were included in the evaluations. The data (mean ± SEM) were analyzed using a two-way ANOVA model followed by Tukey''s post-hoc test.RESULTS:
After the surgery, no significant difference between the exercise and sedentary groups was observed in the left ventricular infarct sizes (34.58±3.04 vs. 37.59±3.07). In another group of rats evaluated with Evans blue 1 h after myocardial infarction, no siginificant difference in the area at risk was observed between the exercised and sedentary rats (49.73±1.52 vs. 45.48±3.49). The changes in the left ventricular fractional areas for the exercised and sedentary myocardial infarction groups (36±2% and 39±3%, respectively) were smaller than those for the exercise sham surgery (ES, 67±1%) and sedentary sham surgery (SS, 69±2%) groups. The E/A was higher in the sedentary myocardial infarction (4.4±0.3) and exercised myocardial infarction (5.5±0.3) rats than in the SS (2.4±0.1) and ES (2.2±0.1) rats.CONCLUSION:
Previous swim training of female rats does not attenuate systolic and diastolic function alterations after myocardial infarction induced by left coronary artery occlusion, suggesting that cardioprotection cannot be provided by exercise training in this experimental model. 相似文献20.
A.S. Rodríguez-Pérez J.F. López-Rodríguez M.Z. Calvo-Turrubiartes V.M. Saavedra-Alanís L. Llamazares-Azuara M. Rodríguez-Martínez 《Brazilian journal of medical and biological research》2013,46(10):868-880
This study determined whether clinical salt-sensitive hypertension (cSSHT)
results from the interaction between partial arterial baroreceptor impairment
and a high-sodium (HNa) diet. In three series (S-I, S-II, S-III), mean arterial
pressure (MAP) of conscious male Wistar ChR003 rats was measured once before
(pdMAP) and twice after either sham (SHM) or bilateral aortic denervation (AD),
following 7 days on a low-sodium (LNa) diet (LNaMAP) and then 21 days on a HNa
diet (HNaMAP). The roles of plasma nitric oxide bioavailability (pNOB), renal
medullary superoxide anion production (RMSAP), and mRNA expression of NAD(P)H
oxidase and superoxide dismutase were also assessed. In SHM (n=11) and AD (n=15)
groups of S-I, LNaMAP-pdMAP was 10.5±2.1 vs 23±2.1 mmHg
(P<0.001), and the salt-sensitivity index (SSi; HNaMAP−LNaMAP) was 6.0±1.9
vs 12.7±1.9 mmHg (P=0.03), respectively. In the SHM group,
all rats were normotensive, and 36% were salt sensitive (SSi≥10 mmHg), whereas
in the AD group ∼50% showed cSSHT. A 45% reduction in pNOB (P≤0.004) was
observed in both groups in dietary transit. RMSAP increased in the AD group on
both diets but more so on the HNa diet (S-II, P<0.03) than on the LNa diet
(S-III, P<0.04). MAP modeling in rats without a renal hypertensive genotype
indicated that the AD*HNa diet interaction (P=0.008) increases the likelihood of
developing cSSHT. Translationally, these findings help to explain why subjects
with clinical salt-sensitive normotension may transition to cSSHT. 相似文献