肝脏脂肪含量与颈动脉内膜中层厚度的相关性

目的探讨超声测定的肝脏脂肪含量与颈动脉内膜中层厚度（C-IMT）的关系。方法选取2009年12月至2010年6月上海肥胖研究（SHOS）中单个社区人群1217人,筛选具备完整临床资料以及超声测定的肝脏衰减系数与颈动脉内膜中层厚度的人群,以肝脏衰减系数半定量判定肝脏脂肪含量。按肝脏衰减系数三分位点分组比较研究对象的临床特点,分析C-IMT与各临床参数的相关性,并采用多元逐步回归分析影响C-IMT的危险因素。结果（1）超声定性诊断无颈动脉斑块且无非酒精性脂肪性肝病（NAFLD）者505人,其中男225人,女280人,年龄34～66岁,平均（50±6）岁。与肝脏衰减系数下三位组相比,上三位组的年龄（t=-2．41,P〈0．05）、舒张压（DBP）显著升高（Z=-1．27,P〈0．05）,腰围（w）、体质指数（BMI）显著降低（t=3．95、6．17,均P〈0．05）。（2）C-IMT水平随着肝脏衰减系数的升高而显著增加（F=13．83,P〈0．05）,肝脏衰减系数上三分位组较下三位点组C-IMT增厚的频率显著升高（35．3％比23．2％,）（x2=6．19,P〈0．05）。（3）多元逐步回归分析显示除年龄、w、收缩压（SBP）、空腹血糖（FPG）、吸烟状态外,肝脏衰减系数是C-IMT的独立影响因素（β=0．03,ρ〈0．05）。结论超声定性不能识别的NAFLD人群中肝脏脂肪含量与C-IMT密切相关,肝脏衰减系数对筛选代谢风险无显著升高人群的早期亚临床动脉粥样硬化有一定临床价值。     

The relationship between retinal nerve fiber layer thickness and carotid intima media thickness in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

AimsThe aim of the present study was to investigate retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography and to evaluate the relationship between RNFL thickness and carotid intima media thickness (CIMT).MethodsThis study included 171 patients with T2D (53.2 ± 8.8 years) and age matched 61 healthy controls (51.9 ± 8.1 years). We evaluated anthropometric and metabolic parameters as well as RNFL and CIMT measurements in patients with T2D and controls. The Mann–Whitney U test was used to compare the continuous variables and the Chi-square test was used to compare categorical variables. Spearmanʼs rank correlation test was used for calculation of associations between variables.ResultsThe average RNFL thickness was 84.82 ± 11.22 μm in patients with T2D and 92.35 ± 8.45 μm in healthy controls (p < 0.001). Mean CIMT values were higher in patients with T2D (0.80 ± 0.1 mm) than the healthy subjects (0.72 ± 0.1 mm) (p < 0.001). A significant negative correlation was found between age and all quadrants of RNFL. There was a negative correlation between average RNFL thickness and HbA1c (r = −0.176), uric acid (r = −0.145), CIMT (r = −0.190) and presence of carotid plaque (r = −0.193). The superior RNFL thickness was negatively associated with HbA1c (r = −0.175), CIMT (r = −0.207) and carotid plaque (r = −0.176). There was also an inverse correlation between the inferior RNFL thickness and HbA1c (r = −0.187) and carotid plaque (r = −0.157).ConclusionThinning of RNFL might be associated with atherosclerosis in patients with T2D.     

Investigation of the relationship between asthma and subclinical atherosclerosis by carotid/femoral intima media and epicardial fat thickness measurement

Objective: Since asthma and atherosclerosis may share similar pathophysiological mechanism, this study is planned to investigate whether epicardial fat thickness (EFT), carotid and femoral intima media thicknesses, which are markers of subclinical atherosclerosis, are increased in patients with asthma. Methods: The study was designed as a cross-sectional study. A total of 154 participants (83 patients with asthma and 71 healthy volunteers) were enrolled into the study. Epicardial fat, carotid, and femoral intima media thicknesses were measured and recorded in both groups. The statistical difference between the two groups was examined. Results: Both carotid and femoral intima media thicknesses were significantly higher in patients with asthma compared to control group (5.52 ± 0.4 mm vs. 5.36 ± 0.4 mm; p = 0.038 and 5.64 ± 0.4 mm vs. 5.46 ± 0.5 mm; p = 0.036, respectively). However, there was not a significant difference in EFT between the groups [5.9 mm (5.3–6.6; IQR = 1.3) vs. 5.6 mm (4.7–6.5; IQR = 1.8); p = 0.1]. On comparison of control group and asthma subgroups (mild, moderate, and severe), there was a statistically significant difference among these four groups in terms of carotid and femoral intima media thicknesses (p = 0.002 and p < 0.001, respectively). Subgroup analyses showed that this difference was mainly due to patients with severe asthma. Conclusions: Carotid and femoral intima media thicknesses in asthmatic patients were found to be increased compared to the normal population. As a result, the risk of subclinical atherosclerosis in asthmatic patients may be high.     

高血压患者血清瘦素、抵抗素水平与颈动脉内膜-中层厚度的关系

目的:探讨原发性高血压患者血清瘦素、抵抗素水平的变化及与颈动脉粥样硬化的相关关系.方法:入选80例原发性高血压患者(病例组),另选32例健康对照者.采用酶联免疫吸附法检测血清瘦素、抵抗素水平;采用彩色超声诊断仪测定颈动脉内膜-中层厚度(IMT).结果:病例组的瘦素(t=-2.530,P=0.013)和抵抗素水平(t=-2.077,P=0.041)均高于对照组.病例组的颈动脉IMT(t=-3.115,P=0.003)和颈动脉最大IMT(t=-3.271,P=0.002)均大于对照组.Pearson相关分析示,高血压患者血清瘦素与IMT(r=0.311,P=0.012)和最大IMT(r=0.308,P=0.013)呈显著正相关;血清抵抗素与IMT(r=0.335,P=0.006)和最大IMT(r=0.284,P=0.022)呈显著正相关.结论:原发性高血压患者的血清瘦素、抵抗素水平显著升高,且它们和颈动脉IMT存在相关性.     

Impact of weight loss on epicardial fat and carotid intima media thickness after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy: A prospective study

Background and aims

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is one of the leading causes of mortality in obese patients. We aimed to investigate the influence of significant weight loss following laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) on carotid intima media thickness (CIMT) and epicardial fat thickness (EFT) which are the independent predictors of subclinical atherosclerosis.

The association of dietary patterns and carotid intima-media thickness: A synthesis of current evidence

AimsDietary pattern (DP) analysis has emerged as a holistic method to understand the effects of food intake on health outcomes. Though dietary intake has been associated with cardiovascular disease, the association of DPs and carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT), a robust early marker of cardiovascular disease progression has not been comprehensively investigated. This study systematically explores the association of a posteriori and a priori DPs and CIMT.Data synthesisThrough a systematic search of MEDLINE, CINAHL, and Web of Science, twenty studies that derived DPs using a posteriori or a priori methods with CIMT as an outcome were included. Four cross-sectional studies and 1 cohort paper reported a statistically significant association between increased consumption of ‘unhealthy’ foods (i.e processed meat, soda drinks and refined grain) and increased CIMT. While four cross-sectional studies reported a statistically significant association of DPs characterized by increased consumption of ‘healthy’ foods (i.e fruit and vegetables, fish) and decreased CIMT. DPs derived from each study varied depending on derivation method, study design and use of dietary data collection method.ConclusionFindings from this review are generally supportive of a trend between DPs with higher consumption of ‘healthy’ foods and lower consumption of ‘unhealthy’ foods and decreased CIMT; however, the association was largely not statistically significant. Evidence was overwhelmingly heterogeneous due to differences seen in DPs based on location and culture, sample characteristics and adjustment for confounders. Long-term prospective observational and interventional studies with standardized sample selection and dietary data collection are needed to significantly establish the role of DPs on CIMT.     

The effect of aging on the association between coronary heart disease risk factors and carotid intima media thickness: An analysis of the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) cohort

Objective

Aging decreases the strength of association between established coronary heart disease (CHD) and its risk factors. Carotid intima media thickness (IMT) is a widely used surrogate for coronary artery disease, which we hypothesized has a similar diminishing age-mediated strength of association with CHD occurrence and prevalence of its risk factors.

Methods and results

Data from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) cohort of 14,562 individuals aged 45 to 64 (mean follow up nine years) was stratified into two age groups, 45–54 and 55–64 years, within each of ARIC's four examination visits (n = 14,562; 13,622; 7869; 6628 for visits 1 to 4, respectively). Cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses with multiple linear and logistic regression modeling were used to compare the relationships between carotid IMT (the mean of six far wall sites from the right and left carotid bifurcation, common and internal carotid arteries with imputation of missing data) and the risk factors of smoking, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, diabetes, and obesity with age. The strength of the associations between carotid IMT and most risk factors were qualitatively stronger across successive visits and within each visit, these associations were stronger in the older, as compared to the younger, age group.

Conclusions

In a large cohort followed for nearly one decade, our hypothesis that age attenuates the association of CHD risk factors and carotid IMT was not supported by ARIC data. Rather, we found that associations between carotid IMT and CHD risk factors remained stable with advancing age, contrary to the relationship between risk factors and CHD outcomes with age. These findings suggest that there is efficacy to continued risk factor management in the elderly.     

Variation in the ADIPOQ gene promoter is associated with carotid intima media thickness independent of plasma adiponectin levels in healthy subjects.

AIMS: The ADIPOQ gene encodes the protein adiponectin, and decreased circulating adiponectin levels have been observed in cardiovascular disease. We investigated the role of the ADIPOQ gene single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) A-11426G, G-11391A, C-11377G, and T45G with plasma adiponectin levels and common carotid artery intima media thickness (IMT) in a cohort of healthy subjects participating in the RISC (Relationship between Insulin Sensitivity and Cardiovascular disease) study. METHODS AND RESULTS: Anthropometric and metabolic assessment and B-mode ultrasound of the carotid IMT were measured in 1306 subjects [589 men; 717 women, mean +/- SD age 43.8 +/- 8.3 years, BMI 25.5 +/- 4.0 kg/m(2)] recruited from 19 centres in 14 European countries. Carriers of the -11426G allele and homozygous carriers of the -11391G allele had significantly lower plasma adiponectin levels. These relationships remained significant after adjusting for age, sex, recruitment centre, and BMI. Carriers of SNP -11377G allele had significantly greater IMT values compared with C allele homozygotes [geometric mean (interquartile range) 601 (543-665) vs. 590 (537-647) mum, P = 0.021]. This relationship became stronger after correcting for key covariates, including plasma adiponectin levels (P = 0.011). CONCLUSION: Variation within the ADIPOQ gene promoter is directly associated with carotid IMT in healthy subjects and is independent of circulating adiponectin levels.     

外周动脉疾病患者脂联素、氧化型低密度脂蛋白与IMT的相关性

目的探讨脂联素在外周动脉疾病患者中与动脉硬化的关系及机制。方法酶联免疫吸附测定（ELISA）法分别测定77例外周动脉疾病患者（包括颈动脉狭窄33例、肾动脉狭窄29例及腹主动脉瘤15例）、33例对照组血浆脂联素及氧化型低密度脂蛋白浓度,超声测定颈动脉内膜中层厚度（intima media thickness,IMT）,分析三个指标之间的相关性。结果平方根转换后外周动脉疾病患者血浆脂联素浓度较对照组显著降低[（2．39±0．07）Sqrtmg／L vs．（3．58±0．14）Sqrt mg／L,P〈0．001],氧化型低密度脂蛋白浓度显著高于对照组[（3．20±0．17）Sqrμxg／Lvs.（1．55±0．24）Sqrtμg／L,P〈0．001）。血浆脂联素与氧化型低密度脂蛋白浓度的平方根呈负相关（r=0．526,P〈0．001）,与颈动脉IMT呈负相关（r=-0．384,P〈0．001）;氧化型低密度脂蛋白浓度的平方根与颈动脉IMT呈正相关（r=0．336,P〈0．001）。偏相关分析校正年龄、吸烟年支数、血糖、血脂指标后,血浆脂联素与氧化型低密度脂蛋白浓度的平方根仍呈负相关（r=-0．235,P〈0．05）,与颈动脉IMT呈负相关（r=0．175,P〈0．05）;血浆氧化型低密度脂蛋白浓度的平方根与颈动脉IMT呈正相关（r=0．157,P〈0．05）。结论血浆脂联素浓度与外周动脉疾病的发生、发展以及机体的氧化应激相关。     

合并微量白蛋白尿的老年糖尿病患者颈动脉内膜中层厚度的变化分析

目的探讨伴有微量白蛋白尿(MAU)的老年2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者颈动脉内膜中层厚度(C-IMT)的变化情况。方法入选成飞医院心血管内科的老年T2DM患者180例,依据是否合并MAU分为两组:MAU组(n=60)和非MAU组(n=120)。检测并对比两组患者的临床资料及相关指标。结果与非MAU组相比,MAU组患者的甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、血尿酸(UA)、血肌酐(Scr)、斑块发生率、C-IMT、血管阻力指数(RI)和血管博动指数(PI)均显著增高,而肾小球滤过率、管腔内径、颈动脉收缩期峰值血流速度(PSV)和舒张末期血流速度(EDV)均显著降低,差异均具有统计学意义(P0.05)。随着采用硬化斑块指数(CAS)分期的增高,患者MAU水平呈递增趋势(F=29.874,P0.001)。多元线性回归分析结果表明,合并MAU老年T2DM患者的C-IMT与MAU呈正相关。结论伴有MAU的老年T2DM患者C-IMT与MAU密切相关,检测T2DM患者的MAU可以对其心脑血管病变进行早期诊断。     

2型糖尿病患者血清缺血修饰白蛋白与颈动脉内膜中层厚度的关系

目的探讨2型糖尿病患者血清缺血修饰白蛋白（IMA）与颈动脉内膜中层厚度（CIMT）的关系。方法依据CIMT将130例2型糖尿病患者分为非颈动脉粥样硬化（NCAS）组和颈动脉粥样硬化（CAS）组。比较2组缺血修饰白蛋白及代谢参数方面的差异,分析2型糖尿病患者CAS的危险因素。结果 CAS组糖尿病病程、HbA1c、IMA显著高于NCAS组,且IMA与HbA1c呈正相关;Logistic回归分析显示糖尿病病程、HbA1c、IMA为CAS的独立危险因素。结论 IMA可能用于预测2型糖尿病CAS发生和发展。     

替米沙坦对老年代谢综合征患者颈动脉内膜中层厚度的影响

目的了解替米沙坦治疗前后颈动脉内膜中层厚度（IMT）的改变情况。方法将120例患者按代谢综合征（MS）诊断标准分为MS组60例,非MS组60例。测定并比较两组患者颈动脉IMT、胆固醇、甘油三酯和空腹胰岛素值。观察MS组替米沙坦治疗4个月后平均动脉压、IMT、HOMA指数的变化情况。结果MS组颈动脉IMT显著高于非MS组（P〈0．05）。单因素相关分析显示,IMT与HOMA、HbA1c、TC、年龄呈显著正相关（P〈0．05）,与HDL呈显著负相关（r=0．380,P〈0．01）。MS组替米沙坦治疗4个月后,IMT及胰岛素抵抗程度较治疗前都有显著性降低（P〈0．05）。结论MS患者颈动脉IMT明显增厚,与其聚集的各组分呈密切相关。替米沙坦能够有效地改善代谢综合征患者的动脉粥样硬化程度及胰岛素抵抗作用。     

Dietary quality and carotid intima media thickness in type 1 and type 2 diabetes: Follow-up of a randomised controlled trial

Background and aims

The relationship between dietary intake and carotid intima media thickness (IMT) and pulse wave velocity (PWV) in individuals with type 1 and type 2 diabetes has not been well studied. We investigated the association between dietary intake and common carotid artery intima media thickness (CCA IMT) and PWV in a cohort with type 1 and type 2 diabetes.

血清淀粉样蛋白A1基因多态性对汉族人群颈动脉内中膜厚度的影响

目的 探讨血清淀粉样蛋白A1(SAA1)基因多态性对颈动脉内中膜厚度(IMT)的影响.方法资料来源于2007至2010年"新疆维吾尔自治区不同民族心血管疾病危险因素调查研究"数据,人选其中健康汉族人群449例,采用限制性片段长度多态性(RFLP)方法对SAA1基因rs2229338和rs12218进行分型.彩色超声检测颈总动脉干部内中膜厚度(CC-IMT)和膨大部内中膜厚度(CB-IMT),分析不同基因型之间颈动脉IMT的差异.结果 (1)rs2229338和rs12218存在强连锁不平衡(D'=0.89).(2)SAA1基因rs2229338突变型(GG+AG)与野生型(AA)的CC-IMT和CB-IMT值差异均无统计学意义.(3)SAA1基因rs12218突变型(CC+CT)CC-IMT值大于野生型(TT)[(0.081±0.071)cm比(0.068±0.019)cm,P=0.01],在校正年龄、性别、血压、腰围、肌酐和高密度脂蛋白胆固醇的影响后,差异仍具有统计学意义(P=0.04);rs12218突变型(CC+CT)与野生型(TT)的CB-IMT值差异无统计学意义[(0.085±0.038)cm比(0.081±0.052)cm,P=0.36].结论在新疆维吾尔自治区汉族人群,SAA1基因多态性和颈动脉IMT存在关联,rs12218突变型基因可能会增加颈动脉IMT.

Abstract：

Objective To explore the association between genetic polymorphism of serum amyloid protein A1 (SAA1) with carotid intima media thickness in a healthy Han Chinese population of Xinjiang. Methods A total of 449 healthy Han Chinese participating the cardiovascular risk survey between June 2007 and September 2009 were included, the genotypes of the SAA1 were detected by polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). The mean IMT of the right and left common carotid arteries were measured by B-mode ultrasonography. Results (1) There was strong linkage disequilibrium between rs12218 and rs2229338 (D'=0. 89). (2) The carotid common IMT (CC-IMT) and the carotid bulb IMT (CB-IMT) were similar between the AA genotype (wild genotype) and the GGFAG genotype (mutational genotype) in rs2229338 of SAA1 gene. (3) CC-IMT[(0.081 ±0.071)cm vs (0.068 ±0. 019 ) cm, P = 0. 01] was significantly thicker in CC + CT genotype ( mutational genotype) group than in TT genotype (wild genotype) of rs12218 group and the difference remains significant after adjustment for age,gender,blood pressure, waist circumference, creatinine and high density lipoprotein cholesferoL CB-IMT [(0.085±0. 038)cm vs. (0.081 ± 0. 052) cm,P =0. 36] was similar between CC +CT genotype and TT genotype of rs12218 groups. Conclusion Our results suggested that the genetic polymorphism of SAA1 might be linked with IMT and rs12218 mutation could serve as a promoting factor for IMT in Han Chinese people.     

2型糖尿病颈动脉内膜中层病变及相关危险因素分析

目的分析2型糖尿病(T2DM)颈动脉内膜中层厚度(C-IMT)与危险因素相关性。方法报告了南京大学医学院附属鼓楼医院2002-01-2003-03应用高分辨B超测定67例不同T2DM病程者C-IMT;取血测空腹时肌酐、超敏C反应蛋白(CRP),根据24h尿计算肌酐清除率。结果病程≥10年组较初发组C-IMT明显增厚,C-IMT随肌酐清除率降低而增加。多元逐步回归分析表明CRP进入回归方程(p=0.809,P<0.001)。结论T2DM者C-IMT随病程肌酐清除率降低而增厚;CRP在T2DM大血管病变中具致病作用。     

颈动脉内膜—中层厚度与载脂蛋白基因多态性

目的探讨老年人颈动脉内膜－中层厚度（ＩＭＴ）与载脂蛋白基因多态性，及其与多种心血管病危险因素的关系。方法采用分子生物学方法测定６２例中老年人载脂蛋白Ｂ（ａｐｏＢ）和载脂蛋白Ｅ（ａｐｏＥ）的基因多态性，并用高分辨率Ｂ型超声检测ＩＭＴ。结果不同的ａｐｏＥ和ａｐｏＢ等位基因型之间颈动脉ＩＭＴ及血脂质水平均无明显的差异。多因素逐步判别分析发现，年龄、高血压病和收缩期血压与颈动脉ＩＭＴ呈显著的正相关性（ｒ＝０．４２２，０．４８１，０．５４２，Ｐ＜０．０１）。ＩＭＴ增加者（≥１．０ｍｍ）冠心病和脑梗塞的发生率明显高于ＩＭＴ正常者（＜１．０ｍｍ）。结论ａｐｏＥ和ａｐｏＢ基因多态性对老年人颈动脉ＩＭＴ增加及血脂质水平变化无明显的影响。衰老和高血压不同程度地影响老年人的颈动脉ＩＭＴ。