立体定向穿刺置管引流术治疗中少量高血压性脑出血的临床观察

目的探讨立体定向穿刺置管引流术治疗中少量高血压性脑出血的临床疗效和并发症发生情况。方法将88例中少量高血压性脑出血患者随机分为立体定向手术组和常规手术组,各44例。立体定向手术组患者住院6 h后在CT引导下进行立体定向穿刺置管引流术。所有患者手术后随访6个月~12个月。结果立体定向手术组术后第7、14、21天神经功能缺损评分均较常规手术组明显减少,术后并发症发生率、病死率显著低于常规手术组,两组比较差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论立体定向穿刺置管引流术治疗中少量高血压性脑出血疗效显著,安全简便,值得在临床上应用。     

立体定向穿刺置管引流术治疗高血压脑出血的临床效果

目的观察立体定向穿刺置管引流术治疗高血压脑出血的临床效果。方法将2014-02—2016-01间收治的45例高血压基底节脑出血患者作为观察组,采用立体定向穿刺引流术治疗,将同期实施内科保守治疗的45例高血压基底节脑出血患者作为对照组。观察2组患者住院时间、术后再发脑出血率及临床效果和神经功能恢复情况等指标。结果观察组住院时间少于对照组,治疗后再发脑出血率低于对照组,临床效果及神经功能恢复优良率高于对照组。组间比较差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论在严格掌握手术适应证的前提下,立体定向穿刺置管引流术治疗高血压基底节脑出血,创伤小、恢复时间短,可有效促进患者神经功能的早期恢复。     

高血压脑出血患者微创置管引流术后长时血压变异性与预后的关系

目的探讨高血压脑出血患者微创穿刺置管引流术后长时收缩压变异性及其与预后的关系。方法对70例高血压脑出血行立体定向微创穿刺置管血肿引流术患者,采用动态血压仪连续监测血压并记录至术后第7天,以术后第7天NIHSS评价患者预后。结果术后第7天NIHSS评分≥16分者31例,评分16分者39例。评分≥16分者术后第1~7天收缩压极差、标准差和变异系数显著高于评分16分者(P0.05,P0.01);两者术后前3d收缩压的标准差和变异系数处于较高水平,第4天时下降并趋于平稳。结论高血压脑出血行立体定向微创穿刺置管引流术后收缩压变异性大的患者其NIHSS评分较高,预示其预后较差。在高血压脑出血患者术后治疗与血压管理中,需关注血压变异性,平稳降压更有益于患者预后。     

立体定向穿刺引流术联合侧脑室穿刺及腰大池置管外引流术治疗高血压脑出血血肿破入脑室的效果

目的 探讨立体定向穿刺引流术联合侧脑室穿刺及腰大池置管外引流术(联合手术)治疗高血压脑出血血肿破入脑室的效果.方法 回顾性分析2015-05—2020-05间民权县中医院神经外科收治的300例高血压脑出血血肿破入脑室患者的临床资料.按照治疗方法分为联合手术组(164例)和保守治疗组(136例).比较2组患者的基线资料、...     

改良立体定向经额部软通道治疗基底节区高血压脑出血的临床分析

【摘要】 目的 探讨改良立体定向经额部软通道治疗基底节区高血压脑出血的临床疗效。方法 将患者分两组,治疗组:用改良立体定向经额部软通道治疗基底节区高血压脑出血52例。对照组:用传统开颅手术治疗52例,比较这两种手术方式的治疗效果。结果 改良立体定向治疗组与传统开颅对照组相比,前者术后并发症明显减少,病死率、致残率明显下降,术后生活自理能力明显提高。结论 改良立体定向经额部软通道治疗基底节区高血压脑出血具有定位准确,手术时间短,创伤小,术后恢复快,病死率低,尤其适用于高龄危重、不能耐受开颅手术的患者,值得在基层医院推广使用。     

立体定向脑室钻孔引流手术治疗脑出血的临床研究

目的探讨立体定向脑室钻孔引流手术治疗脑出血的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析2015年2月至2020年6月本院收治的58例脑出血患者的临床资料,依据手术方式不同分为观察组和对照组,各29例。对照组的手术方式为小骨窗开颅术,观察组的手术方式为立体定向脑室钻孔引流术。比较两组围术期情况、术后6个月预后良好率及并发症发生情况。结果观察组手术时间、住院时间明显比对照组短,术中出血量明显更少,且预后良好率为72.41%,明显高于对照组的44.83%,有统计学意义(P0.05);两组术后并发症发生率相比,无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论脑出血患者采用立体定向脑室钻孔引流手术治疗的效果显著,值得应用推广。     

计算机辅助立体定向血肿碎吸引流术治疗高血压脑出血幕上小血肿

目的探讨计算机辅助立体定向血肿碎吸引流术治疗高血压脑出血幕上小血肿的临床价值. 方法自2001年6月起,应用计算机辅助立体定向血肿碎吸引流术治疗高血压脑出血幕上小血肿42例. 结果本组术后一月进行疗效评定,基本痊愈11例,显著好转19例,好转8例,无变化4例.有效率达71.4%,显效率达90.5%.神经功能缺损评分6.9±2.1.治疗期间发生呼吸道感染、泌尿系统感染、应激性溃疡等并发症11例,随访3个月无死亡病例. 结论对于高血压脑出血幕上小血肿,立体定向血肿碎吸引流术是一种安全、简便、有效的微创手术,但不宜于超早期内(＜7 h)手术.     

立体定向软通道微创血肿穿刺引流术治疗高血压脑出血的临床效果

目的探讨立体定向软通道微创血肿穿刺引流术治疗高血压脑出血的效果。方法选取2017-02—2018-05间内乡县人民医院收治的98例高血压脑出血患者,对照组行开颅血肿清除术,观察组行立体定向软通道微创血肿穿刺引流术,每组49例。比较2组的总有效率及术后3个月的日常生活能力(ADL)评分和神经功能缺损(NIHSS)评分疗效。结果观察组的总有效率、术后3个月的ADL评分及NIHSS评分均优于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论立体定向软通道微创血肿穿刺引流术治疗高血压脑出血,可显著提高患者的生活能力和神经功能。     

基底节区高血压脑出血在基层医疗中心的个体化微创治疗

目的探讨基层医疗中心基底节区高血压脑出血的个体化微创治疗的临床疗效及预后情况。方法回顾性分析了77例小骨窗开颅显微手术和软通道立体定向置管引流手术治疗未脑疝基底节区脑出血患者。结果小骨窗开颅显微手术组56例:死亡6例,Ⅴ级4例,Ⅳ级8例,Ⅲ级22例,Ⅱ级14例,Ⅰ级2例。软通道立体定向手术组21例:死亡3例,Ⅴ级3例,Ⅳ级3例,Ⅲ级12例。结论应该为每一位基底节区高血压脑出血手术患者制定合适的个体化微创治疗方案:小骨窗开颅显微手术更适合于手术耐受能力好、颅内出血尚未稳定而需超早期、早期急诊手术患者;软通道置管引流手术更适合于出血稳定、血肿位置深、手术耐受能力差患者,尤其适合于老年高龄患者。     

立体定向穿刺引流与显微镜下小骨窗血肿清除术治疗基底节区脑出血的疗效比较

目的探讨立体定向穿刺引流治疗基底节区脑出血的临床疗效。方法本院2011年9月~2013年9月立体定向穿刺引流治疗基底节区脑出血患者50例(观察组),与同期行显微镜下小骨窗血肿清除术的50例患者进行对比(对照组)。结果观察组4例患者术后出现并发症,并发症发生率为8%(4/50),3例死亡,死亡率6%(3/50)。对照组12例患者术后出现并发症,并发症发生率为24%(12/50),死亡4例,死亡率为8%(4/50)。两组患者术后并发症发生率差异有统计学意义(P0.05),但死亡率比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论采用立体定向穿刺引流治疗基底节区脑出血具有创伤小、并发症少、恢复快的优点,值得在临床推广应用。     

Surgical treatment of hypertensive cerebellar hemorrhage; stereotactic aspiration surgery vs suboccipital craniectomy]

Patients with severe types of hypertensive cerebellar hemorrhage have been treated usually by suboccipital craniectomy and hematoma evacuation. However, since 1981, we have treated such patients with stereotactic aspiration surgery. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prognosis of patients treated by stereotactic aspiration surgery for cerebellar hemorrhage in comparison with those who underwent suboccipital craniectomy. Between May 1976 and December 1989, 246 patients with hypertensive cerebellar hemorrhage were admitted to our university hospital and affiliated hospitals. The patients were classified into four categories according to the grading of hypertensive cerebellar hemorrhage proposed by Matsumoto in 1982; benign, moderate, severe, and fulminant. Then we decided the most appropriate therapy according to this grading. Fifty-nine patients (24.0%) underwent suboccipital craniectomy and 38 (15.4%) underwent stereotactic aspiration surgery. There was no significant difference in the postoperative outcome between suboccipital craniectomy and stereotactic aspiration surgery in the overall study. However prognosis of the fulminant type was significantly better with stereotactic aspiration surgery than with suboccipital craniectomy. Possible reasons for this include: 1) All patients of this type who underwent aspiration surgery had this procedure within 12 hours after the onset of cerebellar hemorrhage. 2) The hematoma volume of most patients of this type who had aspiration surgery was under 30ml. 3) The age of all patients of this type with aspiration surgery was under 70 years old. In conclusion, we suggest that aspiration surgery for hypertensive cerebellar hemorrhage is indicated for all patients with moderate, severe and fulminant types of hemorrhage.     

Stereotactic aspiration in hypertensive pontine hemorrhage: comparative study with conservative therapy

Recently, CT-guided stereotactic aspiration has been attempted as a useful method for hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage. Since the CT scanner was introduced in our clinic, we have experienced 55 cases with hypertensive pontine hemorrhage. We carried out stereotactic aspiration in nine cases consisting of four men and five women, ranging in age from 34 to 66 years. Operation was performed on between 4 and 22 days after the hemorrhage (mean 7.7 days). On the other hand, 46 cases were conservatively treated. They consisted of 31 men and 15 women, aged from 31 to 79 years, with a mean age of 55.5 years. The purpose of this study is to review the outcome at three months after the onset, and then to evaluate the clinical value of this method for hypertensive pontine hemorrhage. We have analyzed the outcome from the viewpoint of consciousness level, CT classification, and maximum transverse hematoma diameter on CT scan. In the present study, there was a statistically significant correlation between consciousness level and outcome in the conservative group. The outcome in the operated-on group tended to be superior to that in the conservatively treated group. Particularly, in cases of Japan Coma Scale 10 to 100, functional favorable effects were considered to be obtained by stereotactic aspiration. According to CT classification, operation was considered to have exerted functionally favorable effects on unilateral basis-tegmentum type and bilateral tegmentum type. The conservatively treated group showed a statistically significantly correlation between maximum transverse hematoma diameter and outcome.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

不同手术方法对高血压脑出血患者康复的影响

目的：探讨不同手术方法对高血压脑出血患康复影响的临床意义。方法：采用立体定向血肿排空术(34例)和骨瓣开颅术(40例)进行对照研究。结果：2组近期疗效无明显差异，远期疗效立体定向组并发症发生率低，神经功能恢复快，ADL评定优于骨瓣组。结论：微创、减压及超早期手术是高血压脑出血较佳的外科治疗方法。     

Stereotactic evacuation of hypertensive cerebellar hemorrhage using plasminogen activator

Treatment for hypertensive cerebellar hemorrhage still remains controversial as to whether direct surgical procedure is indicated or not. This is so even after the introduction of CT scan which easily demonstrates the location and size of the hematoma and the presence of hydrocephalus. In this paper, we present our experience of 20 patients with cerebellar hemorrhage treated by stereotactic evacuation using Komai's CT-stereotactic apparatus. All the patients had vertigo, cerebellar symptoms, dysfunction of brain stem or consciousness disturbance. The hematomas on CT scan were more than 28 mm in diameter. Acute obstructive hydrocephalus occurred in 90% of the patients with hematoma 40 mm or larger in size. The patients with consciousness disturbance were immediately operated on after the attack, and a drainage tube was placed in the hematoma cavity to drain cerebrospinal fluid and liquefied hematoma for one to eight days. On the other hand, when patients with hematoma around 30 mm in diameter complained vertigo for about two weeks, they also were operated on stereotactically. After the operation, their symptoms improved rapidly. The stereotactic operation could aspirate about 85% of the estimated hematoma volume and improved the hydrocephalus, except in one case in which the patient rapidly deteriorated to coma level with a large cerebellar hemorrhage and brain stem damage. This stereotactic evacuation of cerebellar hematoma using a plasminogen activator is effective for not only the removal of hematoma, but also for the treatment of secondary hydrocephalus following obstruction of the fourth ventricle by cerebellar hemorrhage.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

CT-guided stereotactic surgery of brain abscess

Seven patients with brain abscess underwent CT-guided stereotactic aspiration using Iseki's stereotactic apparatus. Three of them were under the age of fifteen and four were older than thirty. The lesions were single and round in four cases, multilobular in two and multiple in one patient. Operations were performed after systemic administration of antibiotics for more than two weeks and after capsule formation was confirmed on CTs. Preoperative volume of the abscesses was estimated from CTs. The target point chosen was the center of the ring of the largest diameter in the enhanced lesion. Abscess was aspirated under monitoring with intraoperative CT scan. No continuous drainage was performed and no antibiotics were given directly into the abscess cavity. In all cases the center of the abscess was punctured with a single trial. Average volume of the preoperative brain abscesses was 18.8ml. Aspirated volume at the time of the operation averaged 16.9ml and all the abscesses decreased to unmeasurable size on CTs. In five of seven patients abscesses were cured after a single aspiration, and in one case after the second operation. One case required extirpation of the lesion. During the follow-up period of four months to five and a half years six patients showed no recurrence. One patient died of unrelated cause four and a half years after the operation. No operative complication was noted. There was no operative morbidity or mortality. Using a CT guided stereotactic method, brain abscess is punctured so accurately, regardless of its location and size, that damage to the surrounding brain during operation can be minimized. Therefore it is highly possible to aspirate abscesses completely.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Evaluation of CT-guided stereotactic hematoma aspiration in mild cases with putaminal hemorrhage

Reported here is the effectiveness of surgical management in mild cases with putaminal hemorrhage (neurological grading 1 or 2, described by Kanaya, et al.). Ten cases were treated by CT-guided stereotactic hematoma aspiration (aspiration group), and another 10 cases were treated by only medical therapy (conservative group). The mean interval from the onset to operation was 7.2 days. In both groups, serial change in the motor function of the upper extremity was examined and the neuropsychological function was also evaluated at 2 weeks after onset. Perifocal low-density area around the hematoma was estimated on CT scan at 2 weeks after onset. Mean hemispheric cerebral blood flow (mCBF) was measured at 5-days, 2 weeks and 6 months after onset, respectively in each group. The activity of daily life (ADL) was evaluated at 6 months after onset. There was no statistically significant difference in age, neurological grading and CT findings on admission between the 2 groups. At 2 weeks after onset, no case had deteriorated in motor function in the aspiration group. On the other hand, 2 cases had deteriorated in the conservative group. The neuropsychological function was considerably improved in the majority of cases in the aspiration group. Perifocal low area was significantly narrow on CT scan in the aspiration group. At 2 weeks after onset, the mCBF of the affected side was 53.8 +/- 6.0 ml/100g/min in the aspiration group, whereas it was 42.0 +/- 5.7 ml/100g/min in the conservative group. This difference was statistically significant.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Acute subdural hematoma caused by mild head trauma in the aged]

We encountered 8 cases of acute subdural hematoma caused by mild head trauma in the aged. In this report, these cases were analyzed, taking into consideration clinical symptoms, CT scan, operative findings and outcome. The age ranged from 70 to 92 years (mean age of 79.7 years). 4 patients were male and 4 female. Head trauma was caused by falls in 4 patients, but in the other 4 patients the causes were unknown. Initial symptoms were headache, nausea and vomiting in 5 patients and mild disturbance of consciousness with lucid intervals in 3 patients. Seven patients had more than 100 on JCS and less than 9 on GCS on admission. Small craniotomy (HITT) was performed in 4 patients. Large craniotomy was performed in 2 patients, and decompressive craniectomy was carried out in 2 patients. The bleeding focus came from the cortical artery of the middle cerebral artery in 4 patients, cerebral contusion in 2 patients, and was unknown in 2 patients for HITT. CT scan on admission showed mixed density area of acute subdural hematoma in all of the patients, and intraventricular hemorrhage, intracerebral hemorrhage and subarachnoid hemorrhage in 3 patients. CT scan after operation revealed a new area of cerebral contusion in 3 patients, delayed traumatic intracerebral hematoma (DTICH) in 2 patients, and hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage in 1 patient. Two patients recovered to good and fair without general complication. But the outcome in 5 patients with general complication was poor for 3 patients and fatal for 2 patients. In conclusion, large craniotomy is recommended because of bleeding from the cortical artery of the middle cerebral artery.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

立体定向手术与内科治疗中小量基底核区高血压性脑出血的对比研究

目的研究中小量（15～40m1）基底核区高血压性脑出血应用立体定向治疗与内科保守治疗对患者病死率、运动功能及预后的影响。方法2003年1月～2013年1月,我院收治中小量基底核区高血压性脑出血164例,其中82例行立体定向手术抽吸结合尿激酶引流治疗,另82例行内科保守治疗。比较2组血肿清除时间、30d病死率、患侧肢体运动功能和90d格拉斯哥预后评分（Glasgow outcome score,GOS）。结果立体定向治疗组血肿消散时间（3.8±1.1）d,明显短于内科治疗组的（19.9±3.5）d（t=-39.463,P=0.000）。2组30d病死率差异无显著性。立体定向组治疗30d病肢肌力4～5级[43.9％（36／82）vs.28.0％（23／82）,X^2=4.474,P=0.034]和90 d GOS 5分者的比例明显高于内科治疗组[53.7％（44／82）vs.36.6％（30／82）,X^2=4.826,P=0.028]。结论对于中小量高血压性脑出血,行立体定向手术治疗比内科治疗能明显加快血肿清除时间,改善患者的功能预后。     

Endoscopic surgery for spontaneous basal ganglia hemorrhage: comparing endoscopic surgery, stereotactic aspiration, and craniotomy in noncomatose patients

BACKGROUND: This prospective study aimed to evaluate the safety, neurological outcomes, and cost-effectiveness of 3 surgical procedures for spontaneous basal ganglia hemorrhage. METHODS: Ninety noncomatose patients with basal ganglia hemorrhages were randomized into 3 groups. Group A (n = 30) underwent endoscopic surgery, group B (n = 30) underwent stereotactic aspiration, and group C (n = 30) underwent craniotomy. Waiting time of surgery, length of operation time, and blood loss were compared between all groups. On the second operative day, we evaluated the amount of residual hematoma and the hematoma evacuation rate by computed tomography scan. Surgical mortality and complications were recorded 3 months after the procedure. Neurological outcomes were evaluated by functional independence measure (FIM) score, Barthel index score, and muscle power (MP) of affected limbs 6 months after surgery. We also evaluated the cost-effectiveness of each procedure. RESULTS: There was significant delay in waiting timing of the stereotactic aspiration (172.56 +/- 93.18 minutes; P < .001). Craniotomy had the longest operation time (229.96 +/- 50.57 minutes; P < .001). Blood loss was most significant in the craniotomy (236.13 +/- 137.45 mL; P < .001). The highest hematoma evacuation rate was seen in the endoscopic surgery (87% +/- 8%; P < .01). The mortality rate was 0% in group A, 6.7% in group B, and 13.3% in group C (P = .21). The complication rate was 3.3% in group A, 10% in group B, and 16.6% in group C (P = .62). The most major complications were rebleeding and infection. The FIM score was higher in the endoscopic surgery (79.90 +/- 36.64) than in the craniotomy (33.84 +/- 18.99; P = .001). The Barthel index score was also significantly better in the endoscopic surgery (50.45 +/- 28.59) than in the craniotomy (16.39 +/- 20.93; P = .006). There was more improvement in MP of affected limbs in endoscopic surgery than in craniotomy (P = .004). Endoscopic surgery was more cost-effective than craniotomy using FIM and Barthel index (P < .02 and P < .05, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Both endoscopic surgery and stereotactic aspiration are minimally invasive and are effective procedures with low complication and mortality rates; however, the waiting timing of stereotactic aspiration is usually longer. Endoscopic surgery may be an appropriate substitute for stereotactic aspiration. It produces good neurological outcomes and aids in rapid hematoma evacuation. Craniotomy may be used for emergency decompression of enlarged hematoma if endoscopic surgery or stereotactic aspiration is not available.