LASEK术后屈光回退的相关因素

目的 分析探讨LASEK术后造成屈光回退的相关因素.方法 对接受LASEK治疗的近视138例(270眼)进行回顾性分析,分析内容包括性别、年龄、术前术后屈光度、术前角膜厚度、角膜曲率、术中消融深度、光学区直径及术后反应和眼压情况.结果 屈光回退＞-1D者14例(23眼),回退发生率为8.51%,回退等效球镜度数-1.25～-3.75D,平均(-2.35±1.12)D;回退发生多在术后6个月内,回退发生与术前屈光度、术中消融深度及术后haze反应有密切关系,术前近视度数越高,术中消融深度越深者,术后回退发生率越高,在超高度近视组,术后屈光回退发生率达19.4%,而与年龄、性别、术前角膜厚度及术前角膜曲率无明显关系.结论 LASEK术后屈光回退主要发生在超高度近视组,因此,对于角膜厚度足够的高度近视患者目前仍建议LASEK不作为首选术式.     

术前眼压、角膜厚度和高度近视术后视力的关系

目的:探讨高度近视患者术前眼压、中央角膜厚度与术后视力下降的密切关系。方法:对行准分子激光原位角膜磨镶术(laserinsitukaratomileusis,LASIK))、上皮下角膜磨镶术(laserepithelialkaratomileusis,LASEK)术后视力下降、屈光回退的高度近视眼患者90例,根据术前角膜厚度(cornealthickness,CT)眼压(intraocularpressure,IOP)值进行分组,分析术前眼压、角膜厚度和高度近视术后视力的关系。结果:术前角膜较厚,眼压较低,即CT/IOP比值大,术后裸眼视力较好,回退率越小;反之,术前角膜薄,眼压高,即CT/IOP值较小时,术后裸眼视力不稳定,回退率高。结论:LASIK、LASEK治疗高度或超高度近视有较好的疗效。为了使手术更安全,病例的选择、适应证的掌握尤为重要。     

LASEK与LASIK治疗高度近视

目的:对比观察准分子激光上皮瓣下角膜磨削术(LASEK)与准分子激光原位角膜磨削术(LASIK)治疗高度近视的临床疗效。评估2种手术的安全性和有效性。方法:对行LASEK治疗的39例75只眼和同期行LASIK治疗的41例79只眼高度近视分别进行6个月以上的临床观察。结果:LASEK组术后1周至1个月达最佳矫正视力,术后3个月部分出现视力回退,术后6个月裸眼视力达术前矫正视力占95.83%,主要并发症有术后高眼压及Haze形成;LASIK组术后6个月裸眼视力达术前矫正视力占94.35%,主要并发症为屈光回退,角膜上皮内生或角膜瓣皱折等。结论:LASIK与LASEK均能安全、有效地矫正高度近视。     

LASIK术后屈光回退的多因素分析

目的探讨LASIK治疗高度及超高度近视术后屈光回退的相关因素。方法选择接受LASIK治疗的高度和超高度近视患者47例(93眼),其中男18例(35眼)、女29例(58眼)。按术前屈光度不同分A、B2组,A组为高度近视(-6.00~-9.00D)30例(59眼),B组为超高度近视(-9·25~-14.00D)17例(34眼)。分别记录术前与术后1个月、3个月、6个月视力、屈光度、角膜中央厚度和眼轴长度。结果术后6个月A组正常眼54眼,回退5眼;B组正常眼22眼,回退12眼,2组之间屈光回退率差别具有显著性(χ2=10.39,P<0.05);回退的患者多伴有角膜中央厚度增加(82·4%);A、B2组LASIK术后屈光回退均与年龄、性别以及眼轴长度变化无关。结论LASIK术后屈光回退与术前屈光度的高低和术后角膜中央厚度增加有关,而与年龄、性别以及术后眼轴长度的变化无关。     

准分子激光上皮瓣下角膜磨镶术矫治超高度近视的临床研究

目的探讨准分子激光上皮瓣下角膜磨镶术(LASEK)矫治超高度近视的疗效与安全性。方法应用德国Zeiss MEL 80准分子激光器对-10.00以上的超高度近视22例(40眼)施行LASEK术,术前平均裸眼视力0.02±0.02 (0.01～0.05),平均等效球镜(-12.75±2.30)D。随访6个月,观察术后症状、裸眼视力和最佳矫正视力、显然屈光度、眼压、角膜愈合程度和并发症。结果LASEK术后角膜上皮愈合时间1～4d。6个月裸眼视力≥0.5者占95%,裸眼视力≥1.0者占27.5%。平均裸眼视力0.70±0.20,平均等效球镜(-1.25±1.78)D。haze发生14眼(35.0%),haze 0.5级10眼(25.0%),haze 1.0级4眼(10.0%)。5例出现眩光。结论LASEK术可以安全有效地进行超高度近视的矫治,可作为超高度近视治疗的一种较好选择。     

高度近视LASEK 术后预留一定屈光度的疗效观察

目的:观察高度近视患者准分子激光角膜上皮瓣下角膜磨镶术(LASEK)后预留一定屈光度的临床疗效。方法:对80例高度近视患者常规行双眼LASEK手术。根据角膜厚度、屈光度将其分为两组。预留组:对40例80眼手术者预留一定屈光度(-1.00DS);普通组:40例80眼手术患者全矫。定期对两组患者术后的眼部症状、视力、屈光度、眼压、角膜厚度等进行随访观察。结果:观察发现,两组患者术后6mo视力均最佳,术后1,3a视力均稍有下降,术后3a裸眼视力基本稳定。两组术前屈光度平均在-8.25±1.23D,屈光度有平均-0.75±0.12D的回退,两组的屈光度接近。两组角膜平均曲率、角膜厚度无明显的变化,基本稳定。术后两组眼压均稳定,无继发性高眼压及青光眼等并发症发生。角膜地形图检查提示,两组术后3a无圆锥角膜症状。术后6mo;1a两组均有轻度haze出现,至术后3a均无haze发生。结论:高度近视患者LASEK术后在相对安全角膜厚度的前提下,预留一定的近视度数,为患者保留更多的基质床厚度,同样能达到预期的治疗效果,扩大了近视的矫治范围。     

准分子激光上皮下原位角膜磨镶术治疗高度近视5年疗效观察

目的 观察高度近视眼行准分子激光上皮下原位角膜磨镶术(laser subepithelial keratomileusis,LASEK)术后5 a的临床疗效.方法 选取2002年10月至2003年11月在我中心检查行LASEK的近视眼患者101例193眼,其近视度数平均为(-11.61±2.83)D(-8.00～-23.00 D),平均角膜厚度为(510.33±26.72)μm(460～579 μm),所有患者术后随访5 a,记录其在术后3个月、6个月、1 a、2 a及5 a时的随访结果 .主要观测指标有术后裸眼视力、术后屈光度(散瞳验光)、术后最佳矫正视力、角膜地形图、裂隙灯检查及术后并发症.结果 5 a后等效球镜度数在±1.00 D以内者138眼(占71.50%),在±2.00 D以内者152眼(占78.56%).5 a内平均等效球镜度数有轻微回退,平均每年回退(0.20±0.31)D.术后5 a裸眼视力≥1.0者50眼,≥0.6者125眼.5 a后36眼裸眼视力比术前最佳矫正视力提高,43眼裸眼视力比术前最佳矫正视力丢失2行及以上.术后早期haze发生率为35.75%,且多为0.5级(39眼).术后角膜后表面与理想球面之间的距离值(Differ值)平均为(0.072±0.024)mm,无圆锥角膜发生.结论 LASEK对高度近视的远期疗效安全、有效,但是,随着时间的推移,屈光有轻微的回退.     

超高度近视准分子激光原位角膜磨镶术后屈光回退的临床观察

目的 了解超高度近视行准分子激光原位角膜磨镶术(LASIK)后的屈光回退情况,并探讨影响其回退的主要因素.方法 选择近视度数>-9.00 D的近视眼患者行LASlK.根据切削光区直径不同分为2组.Ⅰ组:单区切削组,切削区直径6.5 mm或6.0 mm,共36眼;Ⅱ组:多区切削组,切削区直径≤6.0 mm,分6.0、5.5、5.0、4.5 mln等多个区,共36眼.分别记录术前、术后第1、3、6、12个月的视力,屈光度,眼压,角膜厚度等情况,分析术后屈光回退与诸多因素之间的关系.结果 术后第12个月最佳矫正视力大于等于术前者,Ⅰ组35眼,Ⅱ组34眼,两组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).屈光同退Ⅰ组4眼,Ⅱ组16眼,两组差异有统计学意义(P<0.001).结论 LASIK治疗超高度近视安全、有效,但要考虑术后屈光回退.手术切削区的大小是影响超高度近视术后屈光回退的重要因素,必要时可部分矫正屈光力,以免出现术后并发症.(中国眼耳鼻喉科杂志,2011,11:146-148)     

准分子激光角膜上皮瓣下磨镶术矫正超高度近视

目的探讨准分子激光上皮瓣下角膜磨镶术(laser-assisted subepithelial keratomileusis,LASEK)矫治超高度近视的安全性及有效性。方法选择2007年1月至2009年12月在我院行LASEK的超高度近视患者151例(302眼),按近视程度进行分组:Ⅰ组(-10.00～-12.00D)174眼,Ⅱ组(-12.25～-16.00D)128眼。术后随访超过12个月,观察术后眼部反应、角膜愈合、裸眼视力、等效球镜、haze、眼压等情况。结果术后12个月裸眼视力≥1.0者Ⅰ组148眼(85.1%),Ⅱ组70眼(54.7%),差异有显著统计学意义(χ2=33.878,P=0.000);术后发生0.5～Ⅰ级Haze者Ⅰ组5眼(2.9%),Ⅱ组6眼(4.7%),差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.691,P=0.406),经3～6个月治疗均低于0.5级。眼压升高需药物控制者Ⅰ组36眼(20.7%),Ⅱ组37眼(28.9%),差异无统计学意义(χ2=2.716,P=0.099)。术后3个月、6个月、12个月等效球镜组间比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05或0.01)。结论 LASEK可矫正超高度近视,但务必监测眼压以防止激素性青光眼的发生。     

LASEK治疗高度近视的适宜屈光度范围

目的 探讨准分子激光上皮瓣下角膜磨镶术治疗高度近视的适宜屈光度范围.方法 对55例(109只眼)高度近视患者行准分子激光上皮瓣下角膜磨镶术.按术前等值屈光度分为3组.术后随诊12个月.研究术后效果并加以比较.结果 术后第12个月裸眼视力达最佳矫正视力:Ⅰ组75.0%,Ⅱ组72.5%,Ⅲ组48.5%.第12个月屈光度≤±1.0D:Ⅰ组80.56%、Ⅱ组75.00%、Ⅲ组51.52%.术后屈光回退值Ⅲ组最大.以上各项Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组与Ⅲ组差异有统计学意义(P<0.01).Ⅰ、Ⅱ组haze发生少,程度轻,Ⅲ组haze较重.3组均无圆锥角膜发生,无严重术后眩光及夜间视力下降主诉.结论 LASEK术治疗-8.00～-12.00D近视疗效较好,治疗超过-12.00D的近视有发生较严重的屈光回退及haze等并发症的可能.     

Strabisme Alternant - Etude clinique - traitement

The author defines motor and sensory alternation: the term alternation should not be used in isolation, it should always be accompanied by the name of the parameter concerned. Sensory alternation is always found together with motor alternation but the reverse is not true.The examining criteria for a diagnosis of sensory alternation are given, sensory alternation must not be confused with alternating inhibition. Working from clinical observations of cases of motor alternating strabismus, the author selects 2 types of binocular sensory relations which allow one to differentiate between:- cases of primary alternating strabismus- cases of secondary alternating strabismusThese forms will develop in different ways; in both cases a cure is possible providing that the right treatment is prescribed and once prescribed carefully followed, etc. It is always a case of serious forms of strabismus whose developmental period is spread over several years.According to the authors, the frequency of cases of true primary strabismus is from 1–3%, the frequency of cases of secondary alternating strabismus varies according to the type of therapy practised on cases of monocular strabismus with amblyopia. These latter will become cases of alternating strabismus under the influence of certain types of therapy carried out over several years (penalization, rocking, alternated occlusion, etc...).Experimental data on kittens confirm clinical data; kittens placed in abnormal environments during the sensitive period will show modification in the distribution of cortical cells and the absence of binocular cells (either because the excitation of the two eyes was not simultaneous, or not identical: artificial strabismus, occlusion, opaque glasses). This disturbances become irreversible after a certain period of exposure (a function of age, length of exposure, etc...).It is thus necessary to bear in mind: 1) the iatrogenic risks of certain orthoptic treatments, 2) the necessity for a binocular form of treatment as soon as possible, as once a certain stage is passed, cortical plasticity diminishes and the elaboration of normal binocular relations becomes impossible.

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Effects of Adenosine Agonists on Intraocular Pressure and Aqueous Humor Dynamics in Cynomolgus Monkeys

The effects of single or multiple topical doses of the relatively selective A₁adenosine receptor agonists (R)-phenylisopropyladenosine (R-PIA) and N⁶-cyclohexyladenosine (CHA) on intraocular pressure (IOP), aqueous humor flow (AHF) and outflow facility were investigated in ocular normotensive cynomolgus monkeys. IOP and AHF were determined, under ketamine anesthesia, by Goldmann applanation tonometry and fluorophotometry, respectively. Total outflow facility was determined by anterior chamber perfusion under pentobarbital anesthesia. A single unilateral topical application of R-PIA (20–250 μg) or CHA (20–500 μg) produced ocular hypertension (maximum rise=4.9 or 3.5 mmHg) within 30 min, followed by ocular hypotension (maximum fall=2.1 or 3.6 mmHg) from 2–6 hr. The relatively selective adenosine A₂antagonist 3,7-dimethyl-1-propargylxanthine (DMPX, 320 μg) inhibited the early hypertension, without influencing the hypotension. Neither 100 μg R-PIA nor 500 μg CHA clearly altered AHF. Total outflow facility was increased by 71% 3 hr after 100 μg R-PIA. In conclusion, the early ocular hypertension produced by topical adenosine agonists in cynomolgus monkeys is associated with the activation of adenosine A₂receptors, while the subsequent hypotension appears to be mediated by adenosine A₁receptors and results primarily from increased outflow facility.