卵巢浆液性囊性腺纤维瘤MR诊断及病理分析

目的探讨卵巢浆液性囊性腺纤维瘤的磁共振(MRI)特征表现及病理学基础,提高对该病的诊断水平。方法回顾性分析经病理证实的21例卵巢浆液性囊性腺纤维瘤患者的MRI影像资料,所有患者术前均行MR平扫及增强扫描,对病灶内部结构、信号特征及增强表现进行分析。结果 2例患者为双侧发病,19例为单侧发病,共23个病灶。病灶最大经为33~159mm,平均82.7mm;7个为囊实性,16个为囊性,其中单囊4个,多囊12个,有6个含有壁结节。所有病灶囊壁、分隔及实性成份在MRI-T_2WI呈低信号,5个囊内壁局部增厚,呈"地毯征";4个囊实性病灶中实性成份见小囊样高信号影,形成"黑色海绵征"。增强扫描17个病灶实性成份及囊壁呈轻中度强化,6例未见强化。结论卵巢浆液性囊性腺纤维瘤中囊壁及实性成份T_2WI呈低信号,增强扫描大部分呈轻中度强化;"地毯征"及"黑色海绵征"是其特征表现。     

卵巢上皮性肿瘤的MRI表现与病理对照分析

目的 :探讨MRI对卵巢上皮性肿瘤的诊断价值及与病理的相关性。方法 :回顾性分析经手术病理证实的40例卵巢上皮性肿瘤的MRI表现,观察肿瘤的部位、大小、形态、分隔及壁结节、囊实性、信号特点等,并与病理作对照。结果:病理结果示50个卵巢上皮肿瘤中,良性27个,包括3个浆液性囊腺瘤、1个浆液性腺纤维瘤、13个黏液性囊腺瘤、8个子宫内膜异位囊肿、2个Brenner瘤;7个为交界性,包括4个浆液性交界性肿瘤、3个黏液性交界性肿瘤;恶性16个,包括14个浆液性囊腺癌、1个透明细胞癌、1个浆液-黏液性癌。MRI术前诊断良、恶性卵巢上皮性肿瘤病理类型的准确率分别为92.6%(25/27)、93.8%(15/16)。MRI诊断与病理诊断的符合率为84.0%(42/50)。结论 :MRI对卵巢上皮性肿瘤形态及信号特点的显示具有极大的价值,对其病理类型的鉴别诊断具有较高准确性,可为临床诊治提供充分的影像学依据。     

卵巢透明细胞癌的CT、MRI表现与病理对照分析

目的探讨卵巢透明细胞癌(OCCA)的CT和MRI影像表现,以提高对该病的影像诊断水平。方法选取并分析16例经手术、病理确诊OCCA的CT、MRI表现,11例行CT平扫和增强,7例行MRI平扫和增强,3例同时行CT和MRI检查,并与病理结果相对照。结果 16例均发生于单侧附件,7例来源于右侧卵巢,9例来源于左侧卵巢。11例呈圆形或椭圆形,5例呈不规则形,边缘见分叶。肿瘤主要表现为囊实性肿块,13例以囊性为主"囊中有实",内见乳头状、结节状、团块状实性成分向囊内突起,呈岛屿状、栓子样改变,其中5例"实中有囊",团块状实性成分中可见散在囊状影; 3例以实性成分为主,病灶中央见囊性液化坏死影。CT平扫囊性成分CT值18～30 HU,实性成分35～56 HU,增强扫描囊性成分未见明显强化,实性成分呈持续明显强化; MRI表现囊性部分T_1WI呈稍高/高信号影6例,T_1WI呈低信号影10例,T_2WI均呈高信号影,实性成分T_1WI呈等低信号为主,T_2WI呈高信号为主,DWI以高信号为主,增强后持续明显强化。7例病灶边缘见增粗血管影,4例肿块内见丰富血管影。结论 OCCA的CT、MRI表现具有一定特异性,可以较为清晰显示肿块的囊实性改变、强化方式和供血血管,对术前诊断具有重要价值。     

卵巢子宫内膜样癌与高级别浆液性癌临床及MRI特征的对照分析

目的：探讨卵巢子宫内膜样癌（OEC）与高级别浆液性癌（HGSC）的临床及MRI特征表现,评价MRI对OEC与HGSC的鉴别诊断价值。方法：回顾性分析经手术病理证实的12例OEC患者（OEC组）及22例HGSC患者（HGSC组）的临床资料及MRI特征表现。临床资料包括患者年龄、体征、绝经状态、实验室检查、有无合并子宫内膜异位症等。MRI特征表现包括肿瘤形态、偏侧性、壁结节形态、囊性灶多寡特点、囊性成分信号特征、实性成分强化方式、肿瘤有无包膜、双发癌灶（合并子宫内膜癌）、腹膜种植、淋巴结转移及腹水情况等。结果：OEC与HGSC在肿瘤偏侧性、囊性灶多寡特点、部分囊性成分T1WI高信号、壁结节形态、双发癌及腹膜种植转移的组间差异均有统计学意义（均P<0.05）。相较于HGSC,OEC形态较规则,大多单侧发病,单囊为主,部分囊性成分T1WI高信号,壁结节较光滑,双发癌相对多见,腹膜种植转移相对少。结论：OEC与HGSC的病灶偏侧性、囊性灶多寡特点、部分囊性成分T1WI高信号、壁结节形态及双发癌等MRI特征表现存在差异,有助于两者的鉴别诊断。     

3.0T MRI对胰腺囊性肿瘤的诊断价值

目的：探讨3.0T MRI对胰腺囊性肿瘤的诊断价值。方法：回顾性分析经手术病理证实的30例胰腺囊性肿瘤病例资料,总结其影像表现。结果：①黏液性囊性肿瘤15例,发生于胰腺体、尾部13例,肿瘤较大,平均直径85.0 mm,单囊和多囊各占7例,单囊者壁薄,小于1.5 mm,多囊者囊壁较厚,大于3.0 mm,囊壁持续强化,恶变3例,表现为强化的明显壁结节或不规则明显增厚间隔。②浆液性囊腺瘤9例,发生于胰头7例,平均直径45.0 mm,微囊型5例,3例表现为典型的放射状纤维间隔,大囊型2例,内呈网格状,所有病灶边缘清楚,T2WI均显示低信号间隔,轻度持续强化。③胰腺导管内乳头状瘤3例,均为老年患者,主导管型2例显示为扩张胰管并管内持续强化壁结节,分支型1例,表现为单发与胰管相通囊性灶,无壁结节。④胰腺假性囊实性乳头状瘤2例,均有出血;胰腺癌囊变1例,术前难以诊断。30例胰腺囊性肿瘤病灶均为囊性或囊实性,位于胰头部11例,胰体部9例,胰尾10例。结论：高场强MRI能更好地显示胰腺囊实性肿瘤的囊灶、囊壁、间隔以及实性部分各期的动态变化,结合不同病变的特点和临床,可对术前部分肿瘤定性诊断。     

颅内毛细胞型星形细胞瘤的MRI诊断

目的 :分析颅内毛细胞型星形细胞瘤(PA)的MRI图像特征,以提高该病的影像学诊断准确率。方法 :回顾性分析22例经手术及病理证实的颅内PA的MRI资料,并与手术病理结果进行对比。结果:22例均为单发,病变位于小脑12例,大脑半球6例,鞍区2例,右颞叶2例。其中囊肿型6例,囊肿结节型10例,实质型6例。MRI平扫囊性部分T_1WI呈低信号、T_2WI呈高信号;实性部分T_1WI呈等信号6例,稍低信号10例,T_2WI呈等信号4例,稍高信号12例,DWI呈等信号7例,低信号9例。MRI增强扫描肿瘤实性部分及壁结节呈不同程度强化,其中明显强化4例,轻度强化6例,无强化6例,囊性部分无强化。2例肿瘤周边伴中度水肿。结论:颅内PA以囊性和囊实性多见。MRI图像以强化性壁结节为特征,DWI示肿瘤实体部分具有高扩散性,肿瘤实性部分血管丰富。囊实性病灶呈"囊内有瘤、瘤内有囊"的特点,这些特征可为临床诊断该病提供影像学支持。     

伴囊性成份宫颈腺癌的MRI

作者首次报道了2例伴囊性成份宫颈腺癌的MRI。年龄分别为40岁、55岁。主诉阴道异常出血和绝经期后阴道流血。均经细胞学涂片诊断宫颈腺癌,并作了子宫根治术。例1T_1WI上,宫颈部有一直径4cm囊性低信号病变,T_2WI为高信号,内见中等信号的壁结节;增强后T_1WI显示壁结节强化。例2T_1WI和T_2WI均显示多房性囊性病变,囊壁增厚,未见壁结节;增强后T_1WI示增厚的囊壁强化,未见实性肿块。作者指出宫颈腺癌发生率占宫颈肿瘤的     

卵巢颗粒细胞瘤的MDCT及MRI特征性表现

目的探讨卵巢颗粒细胞瘤(OGCT)的MDCT及MRI表现,以期提高对此类肿瘤的认识及诊断水平。方法回顾性分析23例经病理证实的OGCT的临床资料及MDCT/MRI表现,6例行MDCT扫描,17例行MRI扫描,总结OGCT影像学特点。结果成人型卵巢颗粒细胞瘤(OAGCT)19例,其中3例为复发病例;幼稚型卵巢颗粒细胞瘤(OJGCT)4例。23例病灶均为单发;病灶最大径平均值(10.0±4.2)cm。发生于左侧附件18例,右侧附件5例。实性肿块4例,囊实性肿块19例。CT平扫肿块实性部分表现为等或稍低密度,其中2例见斑点状钙化;增强扫描2例肿块实性部分轻中度强化,2例呈明显强化,并见肿瘤内部及边缘"蚯蚓"状迂曲血管影。MRI检查中13例肿块实性部分T_2WI压脂像呈稍高信号,T_1WI呈等或稍低信号,DWI呈不均匀性高信号;4例OJGCT "囊中囊"的实性部分T_1WI及T_2WI均呈高信号,DWI呈环形高信号("靶征")。增强扫描肿块实性部分呈明显渐进性强化,囊性部分不强化。5例肿块呈"蜂窝征"及4例呈"海绵征";2例肿块呈"哑铃状"生长,局部见"束腰征"。结论 OGCT的MDCT/MRI表现具有一定特征性,特别是OJGCT的"囊中囊"及"靶征"对此病诊断及鉴别诊断具有重要意义。     

卵巢颗粒细胞瘤的MRI诊断

目的 分析卵巢颗粒细胞瘤的MRI特征。资料与方法 回顾性分析15例卵巢颗粒细胞瘤的MRI特征，并与手术及病理对照研究。结果 15例中，囊实性肿块8例，内有多发大小不等的囊性变，囊内壁光滑，囊内容物MRT1WI呈等低混杂信号，T2WI呈混杂高信号，囊与套间有厚壁分隔；实性肿块3例，T1WI及T2WI信号均高于肌肉；单一较大的囊性病灶4例。13例子宫均匀增大，内膜增厚，1例并有子宫内膜癌。结论 诊断卵巢颗粒细胞瘤的可靠依据为：(1)肿瘤内多发囊变，间有厚壁分隔，囊内壁光滑；(2)合并子宫体积增大，内膜增生。     

卵巢内膜样腺癌的MRI表现

目的:探讨卵巢内膜样腺癌(OEC)的MRI表现,提高对该病的认识.方法:回顾性分析经手术和病理证实的20例OEC的MRI表现,观察肿瘤的部位、形态、大小、肿块质地、壁结节、信号强度、强化程度、腹膜种植灶、腹水、同时伴发子宫内膜癌的双原发癌(DPC)、子宫内膜息肉、子宫内膜异位症及临床分期等情况.结果:20例OEC共22个病灶,单侧发病18例(90％),双侧2例(10％),DPC 10例(50％).13个(59％)病灶呈卵圆形,最大径约(11.2±5.1) cm(3.7～22.5 cm).病灶呈囊性为主伴壁结节15个(68％),囊实性病灶5个(23％),实性病灶2个(9％).囊液T1 WI呈均匀等或高信号者17例(85％),T2 WI呈均匀高信号者15例(75％),DWI呈低信号者10例(63％,10/16).实性成分T1 WI均呈等信号,19个(86％,19/22)病灶T2 WI呈不均匀高信号,14个(82％,14/17)病灶DWI呈高信号.出现卵圆形病灶、囊性为主伴壁结节、囊液T1WI呈均匀等或高信号时,诊断OEC的准确率分别为59％、68％和85％,联合上述3种征象诊断OEC的准确率为91％.结论:OEC的MRI表现有一定特征性,结合DWI有助于OEC的诊断.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.     

Bronchial stump fistula :treatment with covered retrievable hinged metallic stents-preliminary clinical experience

Objective To evaluate the preliminaily clinical efficacy and retrievability of a retrievable hinged covered metallic stent in the treatment of the bronchial stump fistula （BSF）. Methods Between April 2003 and March 2005, 8 patients with bronchial stump fistula after pneumonectomy or lobectomy were treated with two types （A and B） of retrievable hinged covered metallic stents. Type A stent was placed in 6 patients and type B in 2 under fluoroscopic guidance. The stent was removed with a retrieval set when BSF was healed or complications occurred. Results Stent placement in the bronchial tree was technically successful in all patients, without procedure-related complications. Immediate closure of the BSF was achieved in all patients after the procedure. Stents were removed from all patients but one. Removal of the stents was difficult in two patients due to tissue hyperplasia. Patients were followed up for 6 - 21 months. Placement of the stents remained stable in all patients except one due to severe cough. Permanent closure of BSF was achieved in 7 （87.5%） of 8 patients. Conclusion Use of a retrievable hinged covered expandable metallic stent is a simple, safe, and effective procedure for closure of the BSF. Retrieval of the stent seems to be feasible. （J Intervent Radiol, 2007, 16： 253-257）     

Die rechtsmedizinische Identifizierung — Bedeutung und Beweiswert —

Zusammenfassung Bei der rechtsmedizinischen Identifizierung kann die Identität im strengen Sinn allenfalls bei lebenden Personen festgestellt werden; sonst läßt sich nur von Teilen auf das Ganze (vom Untersuchungsobjekt auf die Person) schließen, wobei die verschiedenen Merkmale des Untersuchungsobjektes entsprechend der Hdufigkeit ihres Vorkommens eine unterschiedliche Beweiskraft haben. Bei der Schädelidentifizierung mit Hilfe moderner photographischer oder elektronischer Superprojektionsverfahren ergeben sich unter Berücksichtigung der Weichteildicken so viele (fiktive) Vergleichspunkte, daß bei geeignetem Vergleichsmaterial (Photographien) Identität wegen der Vielzahl übereinstimmender Bezugspunkte in den meisten Fällen evident ist.     

Imaging of abdominal nodal spread in malignant disease

This is a review of the role of imaging procedures for the assessment of abdominal and pelvic lymph nodes. The diagnosis of malignant lymphatic spread is rarely the sole purpose of imaging, because it is usually part of a general abdominal examination, most frequently with CT or US, or increasingly with MRI. These studies are often requested in order to obtain information about the situation to be encountered during surgery, or to alert the surgeon to irresectability or to unexpected metastases outside the initially planned area of exploration. In most surgically treated tumours the role of imaging for preoperative staging is limited, due either to its insufficient sensitivity or because the initial treatment is independent of the lymph node stage. Imaging is commonly used to verify treatment response to chemo- or radiotherapy and for follow-up.Correspondence to: S. Delorme