Comparison of body surface temperature measurement and conventional methods for measuring temperature in the mouse.

Temperature is a valuable parameter used to judge wellness of animals in a research setting; therefore, reliable, noninvasive, and inexpensive methods for monitoring temperature are becoming a necessity in research laboratories. A new method for obtaining temperature in mice, the measurement of body surface temperature via an external probe, was compared to two more common methods, the rectal probe and telemetry. The comparisons of the temperature measuring devices were performed in mice made hypothermic via prolonged anesthesia and in mice made hyperthermic by injection of endotoxin. The results demonstrated good correlation between the surface temperature measurements and the temperatures obtained by both telemetry and the rectal probe. The correlations were particularly significant when core body temperatures were below normal. In addition, the surface probe compared favorably with the other methods with regard to animal stress, observed complications, and initial cost. These results suggest that the surface probe could provide an efficient means for obtaining valuable physiological data and determining humane endpoints.     

An evaluation of temperature measurement

Temperature measurement is an important diagnostic tool and must be carried out correctly for temperature changes to be detected. This article gives the results of an audit into temperature measurement and makes recommendations to ensure accurate and safe practice.     

暖箱内新生儿体温不同测量途径的对比研究

[目的]寻求暖箱中新生儿体温测量的最佳方法.[方法]对77例暖箱内新生儿同时测量其背温、腰温及肛温.[结果]暖箱中新生儿背温、腰温均与肛温存在正相关关系;方差分析显示三者间差异无统计学意义;两两比较显示,背温与肛温之间差异有统计学意义,腰温与肛温比较差异无统计学意义.[结论]腰温测量方法简便、安全,可作为暖箱内新生儿体温测量方法.     

Theoretical study on the inverse modeling of deep body temperature measurement

We evaluated the theoretical aspects of monitoring the deep body temperature distribution with the inverse modeling method. A two-dimensional model was built based on anatomical structure to simulate the human abdomen. By integrating biophysical and physiological information, the deep body temperature distribution was estimated from cutaneous surface temperature measurements using an inverse quasilinear method. Simulations were conducted with and without the heat effect of blood perfusion in the muscle and skin layers. The results of the simulations showed consistently that the noise characteristics and arrangement of the temperature sensors were the major factors affecting the accuracy of the inverse solution. With temperature sensors of 0.05 °C systematic error and an optimized 16-sensor arrangement, the inverse method could estimate the deep body temperature distribution with an average absolute error of less than 0.20 °C. The results of this theoretical study suggest that it is possible to reconstruct the deep body temperature distribution with the inverse method and that this approach merits further investigation.     

Inorganic phosphorus measurement: An improved method

An improved micromethod for the determination of inorganic phosphorus in serum and urine is outlined. The procedure requires no deproteinization and yields a stable colour. The new formulation proposed avoids the pitfalls of other techniques. The method is both accurate (recovery 99–100.4%) and precise (C.V. 2.19%).     

玻璃体温计测量体温的研究进展

介绍玻璃体温计的质量标准及检测,综述了玻璃体温计测量体温的研究现状,提出应规范玻璃体温计检测及测量体温方法。     

An improved reference method for serum cations measurement by ion chromatography

Background

To improve the accuracy of the routine methods in laboratory medicine, ion chromatography with a simple sample treatment procedure, which can completely remove the proteins and/or organics in human serum, has been developed for the determination of serum cations.

Methods

Chromatographic conditions for the separate and simultaneous determination of K, Na, Ca, and Mg were investigated. Furthermore, various factors influencing the mineralization of human serum, such as the selection and amount of oxidant, were also examined systematically and optimized.

Results

The optimized experimental conditions are as follows: 1.0 mL of serum specimen digested with 2 mL nitric acid (120°C) followed by 2 mL hydrogen peroxide (80°C). The specimens were then redissolved and determined by ion chromatography under the optimum eluent concentration of 32 mmol/L methanesulfonic acids. The measurement accuracy and precision are less than 1.0% for all the analytes by analyzing NIST certified reference materials, IFCC‐RELA specimens and serum specimens. The results were also comparable with the reference values obtained by the inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP‐MS), which were found to be in good agreement.

Conclusions

Ion chromatography with a simple sample treatment procedure for the determination of cations in human serum with high sensitivity and specificity was developed. The proposed method could be recommended as a candidate reference method for the determination of serum cations.

     

注射复方氨林巴比妥降温后测量体温的时间探讨

[目的]探讨注射复方氨林巴比妥降温后测量体温的最佳时间,准确反映降温后体温从而为临床治疗提供可靠依据.[方法]随机抽取注射复方氨林巴比妥降温的80例高热病人,在用药后30 min、60 min、90 min各测量体温1次并记录,进行自身对照体温下降幅度.[结果]用药后60 min降温幅度明显比30 min时大,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).[结论]注射复方氨林巴比妥降温后测量体温时间在60 min更合适.     

An improved method for plasma fibrinogen based on thrombin time measurement.

Methods for plasma fibrinogen based on thrombin time are technically simple, rapid, and sensitive, although "false low" results may occur due to heparin interference. The present modification incorporates Polybrene into buffer to eliminate this heparin interference. The proposed method shown excellent agreement with a reference procedure based on clottable protein, and excellent day-to-day precision (C.V.3.5%). The present method is easily adaptable to semi-automated measurements.     

临床护士对水银体温计检测认知的调查分析

水银体温计被广泛地应用于临床测量体温，体温是机体内在活动的客观反映，体温计示值的准确可靠对临床诊断、治疗和护理具有重要意义。因此，调查了解临床护士对水银体温计检测认知的现状，探讨规范体温计检测，以提高医疗护理质量。     

临床护士对水银体温计检测认知的调查分析

水银体温计被广泛地应用于临床测量体温,体温是机体内在活动的客观反映,体温计示值的准确可靠对临床诊断、治疗和护理具有重要意义.因此,调查了解临床护士对水银体温计检测认知的现状,探讨规范体温计检测,以提高医疗护理质量.     

An evaluation of clinical predictors to determine need for rectal temperature measurement in the emergency department

A cross-sectional study was conducted in an urban emergency department to determine if predictive variables existed that would identify a patient who would be afebrile by oral temperature measurement and febrile by rectal temperature measurement. This study included 366 patients. Five variables studied achieved statistical significance by univariant analysis: mouth breathing (P = .002), respiratory rate (P = .001), supplemental oxygen (P = .009), pulse (P = .0001), and supplemental oxygen via mask (P = .01). Placing these variables in a logistic regression model left two variables that significantly explained the variance of the model: pulse (odds-risk ratio, 1.032/increase in pulse of 1 from 0; 95% confidence interval, 1.020 to 1.039) and mouth breathing (odds-risk ratio, 2.113; 95% confidence interval, 1.41 to 3.43). There was poor linear correlation between oral and rectal temperatures (r = 0.2). If a patient has an unexplained tachycardia and/or is breathing by mouth and is afebrile orally, a rectal temperature measurement should be obtained to determine if fever exists. The results of this study suggest that good linear correlation does not exist between oral and rectal temperature measurements.     

Ce regulated surface properties of Mn/SAPO-34 for improved NH3-SCR at low temperature

Ce modified MnO_x/SAPO-34 was prepared and investigated for low-temperature selective catalytic reduction of NO_x with ammonia (NH₃-SCR). The 0.3Ce–Mn/SAPO-34 catalyst had nearly 95% NO conversion at 200–350 °C at a space velocity of 10 000 h⁻¹. Microporous SAPO-34 as the support provided the catalyst with increased hydrothermal stability. XPS and H₂-TPR results proved that the Mn⁴⁺ and O_α content increased after incorporation of Ce, this promoted the conversion of NO at low temperature via a ‘fast SCR’ route. NH₃-TPD measurements combined oxidation experiments of NO, NH₃ indicated the reduction of both the surface acidity and the amount of acid sites, which effectively decreased the NH₃ oxditaion to NO or N₂O at elevated temperature and promoted the catalytic selectivity for nitrogen. A redox cycle between manganese oxide and Ce was assumed for the active oxygen transfer and facilitated the catalyst durability.

Ce modified MnO_x/SAPO-34 was prepared and investigated for low-temperature selective catalytic reduction of NO_x with ammonia (NH₃-SCR).