食品中副溶血性弧菌检测能力验证分析

目的通过参加CNAS(中国合格评定国家认可委员会)食品中副溶血性弧菌检测能力验证计划,对实验室检测检测能力及质量进行确认。方法采用国标法及实时荧光PCR法对标识为VP-162考核样品及超市随机抽取的50份动物性海水产品进行副溶血性弧菌定性检测,通过检测结果比较进行方法评价。结果 VP-162考核样品中检出副溶血性弧菌,考核结果为满意。随机抽取的50份动物性海水产品,干制生化试剂及API20E均检出6份(检出率12.0%),全自动微生物生化鉴定系统检出5份(检出率10.0%),实时荧光PCR法检出8份(检出率16.0%)。结论实时荧光PCR检测结果准确、灵敏、快速,在运用国标法进行检测过程中,采用生化鉴定试剂与全自动微生物生化鉴定系统分别进行鉴定时,其鉴定结果存在一定差异。     

贝甲类海产品中创伤弧菌检验方法的探讨

目的探讨贝甲类海产品中创伤弧菌的检验方法。方法选用mCPC、CC和TCBS培养基比较创伤弧菌在3种不同培养基上的生长率,同时应用常规的生化鉴定方法、API20E生化试剂条和PCR-vvhA法对20株分离自牡蛎的可疑创伤弧茵进行鉴定,比较3种鉴定方法的符合率。结果20株创伤弧菌菌株在mCPC、CC和TCBS3种选择性培养基上的生长率（Pr）分别为（0．19±0．28）、（0．34±0．43）、（0．44±0．64）,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。mCPC、CC培养基对人工染菌样品中不同浓度的创伤弧菌的检出率差异均无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。mCPC、CC培养基对31份天然污染的贝甲类样品中创伤弧菌的检出率均为22．6％（7／31）。常规生化鉴定、API20E生化试剂条、PCR．whA法对20株分离自贝甲类海产品的创伤弧茵可疑茵株的检出率分别为95％（19／20）、95％（19／20）和100％（20／20）,差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论对贝甲类海产品中创伤孤菌的检验选用以CC和mCPC培养基为基础的传统培养方法,结合使用分子生物学筛选及生化系统鉴定,可大大提高检测效率。     

实时荧光PCR方法检测水产品中沙门菌

[目的]探索沙门菌快速检验法，加快水产品检验检疫通关速度，促进外经贸经济的发展。[方法]用深圳太太基因工程有限公司提供的沙门菌实时荧光PCR试剂盒对水产品样本进行检验。[结果]用实时荧光PCR从多个水产品样品的增菌液中检出9份样品沙门菌阳性，用传统的微生物生理生化培养法从该9份样品中分离出9株沙门菌。根据血清分型、API鉴定和荧光PCR结果，确认所分离的菌株中有沙门菌B群3株、C1群4株、D群1株、其他群1株。[结论]实时荧光PCR方法在沙门菌的检验方面较传统方法具有快速、灵敏、特异性强等优势，有利于提高沙门菌的检出率，具有广阔的运用前景。     

实时荧光PCR在食源性疾病中的应用

目的:探讨实时荧光PCR快速检测在食物中毒中病原学基因诊断的应用。方法:采用实时荧光PCR检测技术对一起副溶血性弧菌引起的食物中毒患者的粪便和肛拭增菌液进行快速检测,同时采用传统的分离方法和细菌生化鉴定仪的生化鉴定,及日本生研株式会社生产的肠炎溶血性弧菌型别免疫血清(K型别)分型。结果:在这一起食物中毒的患者中,实时荧光PCR检测6份粪便和肛拭增菌液,其中,4份阳性,并从PCR阳性的增菌液中分离到4株副溶血性弧菌K6型。结论:实时荧光定量PCR技术特异性强,灵敏度高,能在采样后数小时内检测到病原菌的DNA,达到快速诊断的目的,在食物中毒的快速诊断上起重要作用。     

2006年7月～9月通州区细菌性痢疾菌型及耐药分析

为了解我辖区内腹泻病原菌的种类及其变化情况,更好地为预防和治疗腹泻病提供依据,我们于2006年7月~9月进行了腹泻病原菌调查及抗菌素敏感试验,另外对分离到的2株福氏新亚型F4 c进行了血清学鉴定、生化试验及药敏试验。现将结果报告如下:1材料与方法1·1样品来源2006年7月~9月份采集我区潞河医院、中医院、263医院的临床诊断痢疾的病人粪便35件,直接接种在SS选择培养基上划线,然后拿回实验室进行培养、分离、鉴定。1·2材料1·2·1试剂革兰染液、氧化酶、触酶、API试剂及试剂条购自法国B ioM erieux;志贺菌分型血清购自兰州生物制品检定…     

乳粉中克雷伯菌检测方法的研究

目的：建立一种快速、简便的乳粉中克雷伯菌检测方法。方法：通过对不同增菌液及分离培养基的试验比较，确定乳粉中克雷伯菌检测的增菌液及分离培养基。结果：添菌试验表明．灭菌蒸馏水和缓冲蛋白胨水作为检测的预增菌液，增菌效果没有显著性差异；33株参考菌株菌落形态观察、灵敏性及特异性试验表明分离效果最好的是麦康凯肌醇阿东醇羧苄青霉素培养基（MIAC）。结论：推荐采用灭菌蒸馏水作为检测的预增菌液，MIAC为分离培养基，API20E生化鉴定卡或VITEK进行生化鉴定。     

食品中沙门菌检验方法的优化与应用

目的选择最适合食品中沙门菌生长的增菌培养基和分离培养基，促进沙门菌生长，提高沙门菌的检出率。方法在市场上购买一批生的禽、畜类肉制品，分别通过均质器混匀，各分成两份，分别用常规培养基和本实验培养基同时增菌培养，应用改良分子信标荧光PCR检测试剂盒和mini-VIDAS全自动荧光免疫分析仪对两种增菌液进行初筛，对结果阳性者划线分离，阳性菌株经VITEK2 COMPACT生化鉴定仪鉴定。结果样品经本实验增菌液增菌后，分离平板上的可疑菌落明显增多，检出沙门菌的几率也有很大提高。结论改用本实验培养基后，能有效提高沙门菌的检出率。     

实时荧光RT-PCR方法检测水及水产品中霍乱弧菌

〔目的〕探索实时荧光RT-PCR方法在霍乱弧菌检验方面是否比传统方法有优势。〔方法〕用深圳太太基因工程有限公司提供的霍乱弧菌实时荧光RT-PCR试剂盒方法进行检验。〔结果〕用实时荧光RT-PCR方法从样品的2次增菌液中检出2个样品为霍乱弧菌通用型阳性。用传统的微生物生理、生化培养法,从上述2个样品中分离出3株菌株。根据血清分型、API鉴定和荧光RT-PCR,确认所分离的菌株有2株是国际检疫传染病的病原—O1群霍乱弧菌;1株是非O1/非O139群霍乱弧菌。〔结论〕实时荧光RT-PCR方法在霍乱弧菌的检验方面具有快速、灵敏、特异性强等优势,有利于提高霍乱弧菌的检出率。     

一株与福氏志贺菌1 a交叉凝集的低活性大肠埃希菌

志贺菌属是细菌性痢疾的病原菌,利用糖类的能力较不活泼[1],在SS琼脂上的形态和在TSI上的生化特性与临床标本中常见的低活性大肠埃希菌相同,且与大肠埃希菌的O抗原关系非常密切[2],在血清学上常存在交叉凝集,易造成错误鉴定。现将一株与福氏志贺菌Ⅰa交叉凝集的低活性大肠埃希菌的鉴定及体会报告如下:1材料与方法1·1菌株来源临床医院上送的福氏志贺菌,从腹泻病人大便中分离所得。1·2检测用仪器、培养基及试剂1·2·1仪器ATB生化鉴定仪。1·2·2 SS、TSI培养基由杭州天和微生物试剂公司生产;ATB生化鉴定试剂条ID 32 E肠杆菌和其它…     

人—猪链球菌感染性综合征的病原分离与鉴定

目的：分离和鉴定猪链球菌,为诊断和治疗提供科学依据。方法：用3种增菌液和7种培养基对病人血液,脑脊液培养和病死猪的内脏培养,并对分离到的病原体进行染色形态观察,API Strep20生化及其它生化试验,血清凝集试验,结果：从4例病人血液,1例脑脊液和7例病死猪中分离到12株病原菌,经鉴定9株编码为0641453,2株为0640453,1株为1641453,12株菌均与猪链球菌2型血清凝集,结论：12株细菌均为猪链球菌2型。     

Trends in meningococcal disease in Italy in 1988

Meningococcal disease in Italy decreased 15% in 1988 from the previous year (290 vs. 342 cases). The decline was particularly evident in military cases (1.7/100,000 in 1988 vs. 5/100,000 in 1987) reflecting the full coverage of bivalent serogroup (A + C) meningococcal polysaccaride vaccine in army recruits, achieved since January 1988. The highest proportion of cases was seen in people older than 25 years of age (25%). Serogroup C constituted 60% of the isolates, while 19% belonged to serogroup B. The proportion of strains resistant to sulphonamides was 45%, while 15% were resistant to Minocycline and none to Rifampin. Out of the five military cases, only one (due to serogroup C) was attributable to the vaccine failure. A single coprimary case, but no secondary cases occurred among civilians. These findings are consistent with the trends reported in Italy in the previous years.     

Benzene in blood and phenol in urine in monitoring benzene exposure in industry

Determinations of benzene concentration in blood and of phenol in urine were made by head-space gas chromatography techniques on samples taken near the end of the work day from two groups of workers potentially exposed to low levels of benzene in the work-place atmosphere. Preliminary results suggest that benzene in blood is more reliable than phenol tests for assessing both exposure and uptake of benzene. Normal values of phenol in urine (10 mg/liter or less) were found in nearly all those cases in which benzene was detected in the blood.     

2015年郑州市饮用水放射性水平状况调查

目的了解郑州市不同地区、不同季节、不同水源类型的放射性水平。方法分别于丰水期和枯水期采集郑州市区黄河水源水、井水源水、丹江口水源水、出厂水和末梢水各一份;以县为单位,每单位采集出厂水、末梢水、水库水、河水、井水各1份,按《生活饮用水生活标准检验方法》(GB/T 5750.13-2006)检测饮用水中总α和总β放射性水平,依据《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB 5749-2006)进行判定。结果丰水期、枯水期水体总α、总β放射性水平均低于国家标准限值。结论郑州市不同水源类型均处于正常的天然放射性本底水平。     

Occupational stress in nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan

Nurses are known to be exposed to occupational stress. However, occupational stress is not well documented for nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A cross-sectional study was conducted to explore the work-related stress and risk factors of nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A structured questionnaire was distributed to nurses at five state-owned psychiatric hospitals in Taiwan in 2001. Demographic information, working environment, and personal health status were inquired. Occupational stress was assessed based on the Chinese version of Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ). General health status and mental health were evaluated by the International Quality of Life Assessment Short Form-36 (IQOLA SF-36). A total of 573 questionnaires were disseminated to nurses and 518 (90.4%) were satisfactorily completed by nurses, including 408 female full-time nurses who had been in their current work for more than 6 months. In the past one month, 17.2% of nurses reported being under significant stress often or always. Assault episodes were reported by 45.1% of nurses in the past 6 months. Among the nurses, 16.9%, 25.2%, 50.0%, and 7.8% belong to the "High strain", "Low strain", "Active", and "Passive" groups, respectively. Perceived occupational stress was associated with young age, widowed/divorced/separated marital status, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and threat of assault at work. Lower general health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, and perceived occupational stress. A lower mental health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and perceived occupational stress. We concluded that nurses in psychiatric institutions are under significant stress related to work factors.     

Changes in nursing administration in supporting transplantation in Brazil

This historical and bibliographic study aimed to understand how Nursing was organized to support care in transplantation. The HISA, LILACS, BDENF, PERIENF and DEDALUS databases were consulted, and thirteen references were found, ten of which were scientific articles, two were master's dissertations and one was a doctoral thesis. The span of time chosen for study ranges from the date of the first kidney transplant in Brazil (1965), to the date of publication of the last scientific article found in the databases mentioned above (2003). After reading these articles, the ones that were similar in topic were grouped together, thus creating the thematic axis for the presentation of the results. The results showed that the Nursing profession has played an important and active role in transplants ever since the first procedure in 1965.     

2019年中国肿瘤流行病学研究进展

恶性肿瘤已成为中国居民的主要死因之一。近些年来,中国政府积极推进肿瘤预防和控制领域的研究工作,取得了很大的进步。本文简要汇总中国在肿瘤流行病学领域的研究进展,具体包括2019年的肿瘤负担、癌症危险因素及其干预、筛查和早期发现、癌症防治专项行动(2019-2022年)方案等方面,以期为我国肿瘤防治工作的有效开展提供技术支撑和理论依据。     

2012年绵阳市蔬菜中农药残留状况

目的 了解绵阳市2012年市售蔬菜中农药残留情况,为食用蔬菜监管提供依据.方法 全部样品均按照GB/T 5009-2003的方法进行农药的残留检测.依据GB 2763-2005《食品中农药最大残留限量》进行判定.结果 2012年共检测蔬菜165份,农药检出率和超标率分别为72.12％和23.64％.豆类、根茎类、叶菜类、瓜果菜类和食用菌类蔬菜检测农药残留超标率分别为8.00％、23.53％、36.00％、5.26％和27.03％,差异有统计学意义(x2=11.41,P＜0.01).不同种类农药超标率差异有统计学意义(x2 =62.42,P＜0.01).夏季和冬季蔬菜农药超标率差异无统计学意义(x2=3.44,P＞0.05).结论 绵阳市叶菜类蔬菜中农药残留情况较为严重,应采取有效措施,加强蔬菜的监督管理,从源头禁止高毒农药的使用,加大蔬菜种植、销售环节的监测,确保市民食用蔬菜的安全.