达芬奇机器人辅助单侧肺移植患者术后重症监护

总结1例达芬奇机器人辅助单侧肺移植术后患者重症监护经验。护理要点包括移植肺机械通气管理；严格限制患者液体入量，尤其注重控制隐形液体入量；进行规范的抗感染及免疫抑制治疗；早期行肠内营养支持和肺功能康复锻炼。患者入住重症监护室15 d后转至普通病房，继续住院治疗观察4 d后，顺利康复出院。     

达芬奇机器人辅助单侧肺移植患者术后重症监护

总结1例达芬奇机器人辅助单侧肺移植术后患者重症监护经验。护理要点包括移植肺机械通气管理；严格限制患者液体入量，尤其注重控制隐形液体入量；进行规范的抗感染及免疫抑制治疗；早期行肠内营养支持和肺功能康复锻炼。患者入住重症监护室15 d后转至普通病房，继续住院治疗观察4 d后，顺利康复出院。     

达芬奇机器人甲状腺手术

达芬奇机器人手术系统是目前微创手术的新趋势,该系统在甲状腺手术上的应用目前也正在开展过程中.笔者对达芬奇机器人甲状腺手术的器械、操作进行介绍,并且与传统手术及腔镜手术进行比较,希望提供甲状腺手术的新思路.     

Extraperitoneal radical prostatectomy Da Vinci

ObjetiveTo report the outcomes of 100 robotically assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomies (RALPs), a minimally invasive alternative for treating prostate cancer.Patients and methodsIn all patients was used RALP with an extraperitoneal approach assisted by the da Vinci robotic surgical system (Intuitive Surgical, Sunnyvale, CA, USA). Prospective data collection included quality-of-life questionnaires, basic demographics (height, weight and body mass index), prostate specific antigen (PSA) levels, clinical stage and Gleason grade. Variables assessed during RALP were operative duration, estimated blood loss (EBL) and complications, and after RALP were hospital stay, catheter time, pathology, PSA level, return of continence and potency.ResultsThe mean (range) duration of RALP was 180 (140-295) min; all procedures were successful, with no intraoperative transfusions or deaths. The mean EBL was 300 mL (40 – 1100); 97% of patients were discharged home on the first day after RALP with a mean haematocrit of 36%. The mean duration of catheterization was 7 (5-21) days. The positive margin rate was 14% for all patients. The overall biochemical recurrence free (PSA level <0.1 ng/mL) survival was 95% at mean follow-up of 9.7 months. There was complete continence at 6 months in 95% of patients. At 1 year 78% of patients were potent (with or without the use of oral medications), 15% were not yet able to sustain erections capable of intercourse, and another 7% still required injection therapy.ConclusionRALP is a safe, feasible and minimally invasive alternative for treating prostate cancer. Our initial experience with the procedure shows promising short-term outcomes.     

Leonardo da Vinci and the sinuses of Valsalva.

Recent studies indicate that eddy currents generated by the sinuses of Valsalva play an important role in the physiologic closure of the aortic valve. This process is briefly discussed and evidence is presented that this fact was well known and elaborated upon by the renaissance artist Leonardo da Vinci. This fact is illustrated with his words and drawings.     

On the sexual intercourse drawings of Leonardo da Vinci

Leonardo da Vinci's marvellous anatomical drawings have been praised by both artists and medical historians over the centuries. Specific reference is made here to Leonardo's drawings of the act of sexual intercourse. It is shown that his illustrations are not based purely on original observation. Rather, they are an attempt to illustrate and clarify anatomy and physiology as presented in the textbooks of the time.     

Da Vinci robot emergency undocking protocol

The role of robot-assisted surgery across gynaecology is evolving with increasing numbers of procedures being undertaken with varying degrees of complexity. While the risk of conversion is low at approximately 1 %, the reasons for conversion are variable. These range from technical issues with the robot, surgical complications such as haemorrhage and anaesthetics issues such as an inability to ventilate the patient adequately. While many conversions to open or laparoscopic approach are not due to life-threatening indications, it is important that the theatre staff are aware of the indication and can perform an emergency undocking as effectively, efficiently and safely as possible when the need arises. Unfortunately, there is a paucity of the literature available outlining such protocols. For this reason, we developed an emergency undocking protocol clearly outlining the role of each theatre staff member and the need for clear concise communication.     

达芬奇机器人手术系统在精准肝切除中的应用

目的 探讨达芬奇机器人手术系统在精准肝切除中应用的可行性、安全性及优势.方法 回顾性分析2009年4月至7月解放军总医院应用达芬奇机器人手术系统对13例肝病患者行精准肝切除的临床资料进行.结果 所有患者手术获成功,无中转开腹.其中广泛肝切除9例,左外叶切除4例.所有患者鞘内解剖选择性人肝血流阻断下的解剖性肝切除.平均手术时间为338 min(150～720 min),平均失血量为208 ml(50～800 ml),无术中、术后输血.术后仅1例患者出现胆汁漏,经保守治疗后痊愈,无围手术期死亡.术后平均住院时间为7 d(2～13 d).结论 达芬奇机器人手术系统行精准肝切除安全可行,它极大地拓展了腹腔镜肝切除的适应证,尤其利于精准的肝门解剖和腹腔镜下缝合.     

Da Vinci robotic-assisted radical hysterectomy procedural guide

The Da Vinci robotic surgical platform has rapidly been adopted by skilled surgeons for procedures in gynecologic oncology. The lack of specific procedural guides and surgical atlases for robotic surgery in gynecologic oncology produces challenges in the education of trainees in their role both as the assistant and as the console surgeon. This procedural guide was developed in order to facilitate trainee education in the technical aspects of radical hysterectomy for cervical cancer using the Da Vinci robotic surgical platform. Patient selection, preparation, and the technical aspects of robotic radical hysterectomy are described from both the standpoint of the console surgeon and the bedside assistant.     

达芬奇机器人辅助腹膜后腹腔镜肾上腺切除术

目的探讨达芬奇机器人辅助腹膜后腹腔镜肾上腺切除术（RARA）的安全性与可行性。 方法2016年3月至2017年3月,我科以腹膜后途径行RARA患者26例,并与同时期内的经腹腔途径达芬奇机器人辅助肾上腺切除术（RATA）46例,以及常规腹膜后腹腔镜肾上腺切除术（RLA）122例的手术时间（OT）、失血量（EBL）、住院天数（HS）、恢复进食时间（TRFI）进行比较。 结果三组患者术前一般资料差异无统计学意义。RARA的手术时间（45±6）min,失血量（26±5）ml,住院天数（3.6±0.8）d与RATA[（53±4）min、（22±3）ml、（3.5±1.3）d]及RLA[（43±3）min、（26±3）ml、（2.9±0.5）d]间差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）,但在术后早期进食方面表现优于RATA[（18.8±2.2）h vs （24.8±4.7）h,P=0.036]。 结论RARA是一种安全可行的手术方式,有利于患者术后早期肠道功能恢复。     

From Leonardo to da Vinci: the history of robot-assisted surgery in urology

What's known on the subject? and What does the study add? Numerous urological procedures can now be performed with robotic assistance. Though not definitely proven to be superior to conventional laparoscopy or traditional open surgery in the setting of a randomised trial, in experienced centres robot‐assisted surgery allows for excellent surgical outcomes and is a valuable tool to augment modern surgical practice. Our review highlights the depth of history that underpins the robotic surgical platform we utilise today, whilst also detailing the current place of robot‐assisted surgery in urology in 2011. The evolution of robots in general and as platforms to augment surgical practice is an intriguing story that spans cultures, continents and centuries. A timeline from Yan Shi (1023–957 bc ), Archytas of Tarentum (400 bc ), Aristotle (322 bc ), Heron of Alexandria (10–70 ad ), Leonardo da Vinci (1495), the Industrial Revolution (1790), ‘telepresence’ (1950) and to the da Vinci® Surgical System (1999), shows the incredible depth of history and development that underpins the modern surgical robot we use to treat our patients. Robot‐assisted surgery is now well‐established in Urology and although not currently regarded as a ‘gold standard’ approach for any urological procedure, it is being increasingly used for index operations of the prostate, kidney and bladder. We perceive that robotic evolution will continue infinitely, securing the place of robots in the history of Urological surgery. Herein, we detail the history of robots in general, in surgery and in Urology, highlighting the current place of robot‐assisted surgery in radical prostatectomy, partial nephrectomy, pyeloplasty and radical cystectomy.     

达芬奇手术机器人在胸外科的应用

DaVinci手术机器人是目前临床上应用的最先进的微创机器人手术系统,在不开胸开腹的情况下仅借助胸壁的几个孔道完成许多胸腔或腹腔手术。具有手术创伤小、切口美观、术后恢复迅速等优点,开创了微创心胸外科手术的新纪元。     

达芬奇手术机器人：结直肠外科的新挑战

精准化微创手术已成为结直肠外科医疗水平的象征。达芬奇手术机器人系统的应运而生,开启了精准化微创手术的新纪元。该系统的优势在于:可提供高清稳定的立体视觉、精准化的直觉式动作控制、滤除的手部震颤、缩短的手术曲线以及可远程控制性。但其局限性在于:触觉反馈缺失,手术时间延长和价格昂贵等。笔者就达芬奇手术机器人系统的构成、发展史及其在结直肠外科手术中的应用现状进行阐述,并对这一先进智能技术的前景进行了些许思索。