灰阶超声诊断卵巢囊腺瘤的价值

目的:探讨卵巢囊腺瘤的灰阶超声特征及其诊断价值.材料和方法:应用灰阶超声拟诊卵巢囊腺瘤并与手术病理结果作对照.结果:灰阶超声拟诊卵巢囊腺瘤95例,肿瘤107个,与手术病理对照,诊断符合率为93.7%(89/95例).其中卵巢浆液性囊腺瘤56例,64个肿瘤,肿瘤中等大小,多数为5～10cm,呈圆形或椭圆形,单房或多房,壁薄光滑,囊内无回声区透声好,后方回声增强;卵巢黏液性囊腺瘤37例,41个肿瘤,肿瘤呈阒形或椭圆形,体积较大,多数在10cm以上,囊壁较厚、尚光滑,囊内呈多房多隔,房腔大小不一,囊内透声差可见细小密集点状回声.CDFI示囊壁及隔上可有网状血流信号.结论:灰阶超声对卵巢囊腺瘤具有诊断价值.     

超声误诊为卵巢子宫内膜异位囊肿的常见和不常见疾病

目的：分析超声诊断卵巢子宫内膜异位囊肿的准确性及常见、不常见超声误诊为卵巢子宫内膜异位囊肿的疾病及原因。方法：回顾性分析1347例术前超声检查拟诊为卵巢子宫内膜异位囊肿的病例,术后对照超声与病理结果。结果：超声诊断卵巢子宫内膜异位囊肿1301例,符合率为96．4％;被误诊为囊腺瘤27例（浆液性囊腺瘤18例、黏液性囊腺瘤9例）,黄体血肿8例,囊性畸胎瘤7例,其它不常见的疾病为卵巢脓肿2例,浆液性腺癌1例、宫内膜样腺癌1例。结论：超声诊断卵巢子宫内膜异位囊肿的准确率较高,但也易与其它疾病混淆,通过临床症状、声像图特征、选择不同时间复查及细节观察是避免误诊的主要措施。     

卵巢囊性畸胎瘤的CT诊断

目的：探讨卵巢囊性畸胎瘤的ＣＴ表现及其诊断价值。材料和方法：２０例卵巢畸胎瘤均作ＣＴ扫描和Ｂ超检查，全部病例均经手术病理证实。结果：２０例均显示肿瘤内脂肪存在，１８例囊内出现Ｒｏｋｉｔａｎｓｋｙ结节，１７例显示有钙化，牙齿或骨骼影。１９例为良性囊性畸胎瘤，１例恶变。４例发生皮样囊肿扭转，其中二例伴有同侧附件出血坏死。ＣＴ和Ｂ超对本病的确诊率分别为１００％和６５％。结论：ＣＴ是确诊囊性畸胎瘤及其并发症的主要检查方法。肿瘤内脂肪是其最基本的表现，结合囊内Ｒｏｋｉｔａｎｓｋｙ结节或／和钙化、牙齿、骨骼，诊断即可成立。     

卵巢成熟性囊性畸胎瘤的CT诊断价值(附23例分析)

目的：探讨卵巢成熟性囊性畸胎瘤的CT表现特点及其诊断价值。方法：回顾性分析23例经手术病理证实的24个卵巢成熟性囊性畸胎瘤的CT及B超影像资料,结合病理讨论其CT表现特点。结果：本组成熟性囊性畸胎瘤均显示脂肪密度区。13个显示“浮球征”,12个有脂－液平面,123个囊壁钙化呈点状,条状或小团块状,4个分隔软组织内钙化,3个囊内骨化影和软组织混杂密度影,4个未见钙化影,7例发生蒂扭转。CT与B超对本病的诊断准确率分别为100％和69．6％。结论：成熟性囊性畸胎瘤有其特殊的CT表现,与B超相比,诊断上CT更具优越性。     

低场磁共振成像对卵巢巧克力囊肿与囊性畸胎瘤鉴别诊断价值的研究

目的 探讨低场磁共振成像(MRI)在卵巢巧克力囊肿与囊性畸胎瘤临床鉴别诊断中的价值.方法 回顾性分析经手术及病理证实的卵巢巧克力囊肿22例,囊性畸胎瘤13例,分析各自的MRI表现特点.结果 22例巧克力囊肿术前诊断正确19例,其中3例术前诊断为囊性畸胎瘤,MRI诊断符合率86％(19/22);13例囊性畸胎瘤术前诊断正确12例,1例术前判断为巧克力囊肿,符合率92％(12/13).所有巧克力囊肿和畸胎瘤病例在SET1WI序列下均可见到病灶内高信号区.当使用短时间反转恢复序列(STIR)脂肪抑制序列时,所有高信号区可见不同程度信号减低;当使用GRE同、反相位T1加权成像时,畸胎瘤内的T1WI高信号病灶在反相位图像上会出现明显信号减低区,而巧克力囊肿不会出现信号减低区.结论 卵巢巧克力囊肿与囊性畸胎瘤MRI诊断准确性较高.使用GRE同、反相位T1加权成像对两者的鉴别诊断有特殊价值.     

卵巢冠囊肿的MRI研究

目的：分析卵巢冠囊肿的MRI表现,提高术前诊断准确性。方法：回顾性研究经手术和病理证实的50例卵巢冠囊肿患者的MRI图像,分析病灶部位、大小、形态、管壁、分隔厚度、囊液信号、增强表现及其与卵巢的关系等影像学特征。结果：50例患者共54个卵巢冠囊肿,MRI检出41个（76％）,其中囊肿同侧见相邻或分开的正常或病变卵巢25个（6l％）;囊肿边界清晰、壁薄（41／41,100％,平均厚度1．5±0．3mm）、单房（39／41,95％）、囊液信号均匀如水（41／41,100％）;囊肿因张力低而形态略欠规则的类圆形或类椭圆形（20／41,49％）;最大径大于2．0cm的囊肿易误诊（25／30,83％）,小于2．0cm者易漏诊（11／11,100％）。结论：卵巢冠囊肿的MRI表现有一定特征性,显示病灶同侧卵巢或卵巢病变为诊断的重要征象。     

CT对卵巢良性囊性畸胎瘤的诊断价值(附21例分析)

目的：探讨卵巢良性囊性畸胎瘤的CT表面特点及其诊断价值。方法：分析21例经手术病理证实的卵巢成熟性囊性畸胎瘤的CT及B超资料，讨论CT表现特点与病理的关系。结果：21例囊性畸胎瘤均显示脂肪密度区。11个“浮球征”，9个脂液平面，10个囊壁钙化呈点状、条块状，4个分房间隔内钙化，2个囊内骨化影和软组织混杂密度影,3个未见钙化影。5例发生蒂扭转。结论：CT能显示良性囊性畸胎瘤的特殊表现，反映其病理特点。     

经阴道超声扫描在诊断卵巢子宫内膜异位中的应用

子宫内膜异位是年轻妇女腹痛和不孕的常见病因。经阴道超声(Transvaginal Sonography TVS)是诊断卵巢肿瘤的主要方法。我们扫查了60例卵巢子宫内膜异位(巧克力囊肿)患者,均做了剖腹术或腹腔镜术,将术前超声诊断与病理比较,总结出TVS对巧克力囊肿的诊断标准:①囊内结构回声低、均匀②囊壁厚,边缘规则。TVS诊断50例巧克力囊肿,47例正确,其假阳性由回声均匀的囊性畸胎瘤引起,10例假阴性者,TVS诊断生理性潴留囊肿5例,畸胎瘤3例,良性卵巢囊腺瘤1例,1例约0.5cm大者TVS漏诊,由腹腔镜检出。其灵敏性82.4％,特异性97.7％,阳性和阴性的预期值分别为94％和92.8％,诊断正确率93％。通过一系列诊断比较,我们认为对典型的巧克力囊肿,TVS诊断具有特异性,但灵敏性有待进一步提高。     

卵巢畸胎瘤的CT诊断

目的 分析卵巢畸胎瘤的CT表现，提高CT诊断的准确性。资料与方法 搜集经手术和病理证实的43例49个卵巢畸胎瘤，对其CT表现作回顾性分析。结果 49个卵巢畸胎瘤中，成熟性畸胎瘤45个，未成熟性畸胎瘤3个，卵巢甲状腺肿1个。45个为囊性，其中单房29个(64％)，双房8个(18％)，多房8个(18％)。2个为囊实性，2个为实性，后者均为未成熟性。46个(96％)畸胎瘤含脂肪密度组织，16个(32％)瘤内见毛发，25个(51％)见向囊内突起的头结节，25个(5l％)瘤内见钙化或牙齿。根据CT表现，成熟性畸胎瘤可分为液性为主型、液脂型、头结节型、脂肪瘤型和囊肿型。术前CT诊断敏感性和准确性分别为96％和88％。结论 绝大多数卵巢畸胎瘤有典型的CT表现，少数不含脂肪的囊肿型肿瘤定性仍有困难。     

卵巢成熟囊性畸胎瘤的螺旋CT诊断

目的 分析卵巢成熟囊性畸胎瘤的螺旋CT表现. 资料与方法 回顾性分析33例经手术病理证实的卵巢成熟囊性畸胎瘤的螺旋CT表现. 结果 卵巢成熟囊性畸胎瘤共有35个.单纯囊性瘤体4个.卵巢实质包绕肿块6个,卵巢静脉征24个.肿瘤内有脂肪密度影31个,伴脂液平面4个.瘤体内局灶性头结节15个,浮球征3个,瘤体囊壁钙化15个,囊内牙齿、钙化、骨骼18个,瘤体内软组织密度3个,瘤体破裂2个,瘤体扭转2个,恶变1个. 结论 螺旋CT有助于诊断大多数典型卵巢成熟畸胎瘤.     

卵巢囊性成熟性畸胎瘤的X线诊断和临床意义(附131例分析)

目的 :探讨 X线检查对卵巢囊性成熟性畸胎瘤的诊断价值和临床指导意义。方法 :131例行常规 X线检查发现囊性成熟性畸胎瘤 ,所有病例均经手术病理证实。结果 :X线报告符合率为 97.3% ,优于 B超。 145个卵巢囊性成熟性畸胎瘤中 ,47个仅表现为低密度阴影 ,36个仅表现为特异性的骨片、牙齿等致密影 ,6 2个既有低密度影 ,又有致密影。结论 :常规 X线检查在诊断卵巢囊性成熟性畸胎瘤方面占一些优势。     

腹部巨大囊性病变CT诊断

目的：探讨腹部巨大囊性病变的ＣＴ诊断和鉴别诊断要点。方法：腹部巨大囊性病变３０例,均经手术病理证实,分析其病变中心点、边界、囊壁、分隔、钙化、液平征、强化等要素。结果：中下腹包块１４便,有１５个包块。其中：卵巢浆液性囊腺瘤４例,５个包块。粘液性囊腺瘤３例,卵巢囊肿１例,卵巢－输卵管炎性囊肿１例,巨大膀胱憩室１例,成熟性囊性畸胎瘤４例;中上腹包块１３例,其中：囊性淋巴管瘤５例,和重复畸形囊肿２例,小     

Imaging of Ovarian Teratomas in Children: A 9-Year Review

Objective

Germ cell tumours are the most common ovarian neoplasms in childhood and, of these, teratomas, whether mature or immature, are the most frequently found. Mature teratoma is a benign tumour, whereas the immature type, although also benign, has a more aggressive course, with a propensity to recurrence. A review of the literature revealed that there are some imaging features that may help to differentiate between these 2 types of teratoma, although no systematic comparison has been made. The objective of this study was to review imaging features of ovarian teratomas in children and to assess differentiating imaging features between the mature and immature types of ovarian teratoma.

Methods

Retrospective analysis of all patients who presented to our institution during a 9-year period (September 1999 to August 2008) with ovarian teratoma as confirmed on histology.

Results

Forty-one patients with pathologically proven ovarian teratoma were found. The patient ages ranged from 4–18 years at presentation (mean [standard deviation] age, 12.4 ± 3.4 years; median age, 13 years). Thirty patients (73.2%) were found to have mature ovarian teratoma, and 11 (26.8%) had immature teratoma. A component of endodermal sinus tumour was found in one of the immature teratomas. On ultrasonography, the appearance of the immature teratomas was purely solid in 3 (27.3%), mixed solid and cystic in 6 (54.5%), and predominantly cystic in 2 (18%). The mature ovarian teratomas demonstrated a predominantly cystic appearance in 22 (73.3%) and a mixed solid and cystic appearance in 8 (26.6%); there were no cases with a pure solid appearance. The prevalence of the more cystic appearance of the mature type showed significant statistical difference when compared with its prevalence in the immature type (P = .0008, χ² test). Other imaging features, such as size, presence of fat, or calcifications, did not show a significant difference between the 2 types of teratoma.

Conclusions

The predominance of a cystic component and a pure solid component in ovarian teratoma are significant differentiating factors between the mature type and the more aggressive immature type of teratoma.     

Floating ball appearance in ovarian cystic teratoma

The presence of floating fat balls or globules in an ovarian cystic teratoma is an unusual finding. Herein, we present ultrasonographic and tomographic findings of a rarely reported case of cystic teratoma with a floating fat ball.     

Imaging features of unusual lesions and complications associated with ovarian mature cystic teratoma

Mature cystic teratoma (MCT) is a common neoplasm of the ovary that typically contains mature tissues of ectodermal, mesodermal, and endodermal origin. This tumor tends to affect younger women, its presentation ranges from pure cystic mass to complex solid cystic mass, and the detection of intratumoral fat component is the key diagnostic imaging feature. MCT can be associated with various complications and it demonstrates a wide spectrum of imaging findings. Associated complications include rupture, torsion, malignant transformation, and gliomatosis peritonei. MCT may also have unusual imaging features that can lead to misdiagnosis. These features may expand the differential diagnosis to include immature teratoma, monodermal teratoma, mature cystic teratoma with minimal or no fat, and collision tumor. The aim of this article was to highlight and describe the imaging features of unusual ovarian MCT lesions, and the complications associated with ovarian MCT.     

卵巢蒂扭转的MRI表现

目的：探讨M RI在诊断卵巢蒂扭转中的应用价值。方法回顾性分析13例经手术病理证实的卵巢蒂扭转患者的M RI表现特点,提高对本病的认识。结果本组13例中,原发性卵巢蒂扭转3例;继发性卵巢蒂扭转10例：卵巢单纯性囊肿5例,卵巢巧克力囊肿2例,卵巢浆液性囊性腺纤维瘤、卵巢卵泡膜纤维瘤及卵巢畸胎瘤各1例。M RI均表现为盆腹腔区异常信号肿块。肿块局部与一侧宫角及附件相连12例,另1例为2月婴儿,子宫显示不清。扭转的卵巢蒂呈典型结节征（或漩涡征）5例,悬挂征4例,三角征4例。合并盆腔积液6例,妊娠1例,子宫肌瘤1例,对侧卵巢巧克力囊肿1例。结论卵巢蒂扭转的M RI表现具有一定特征,是超声等检查的有益补充。     

16层螺旋CT在卵巢良性囊性占位病变鉴别诊断中的价值

目的探讨16层螺旋CT在卵巢良性囊性占位病变鉴别诊断中的价值。资料与方法回顾分析经手术及病理证实的40例共45个卵巢良性囊性占位病变的CT表现。结果浆液性囊腺瘤12例15个病灶,卵巢黏液性囊腺瘤14例,良性囊性畸胎瘤8例10个病灶,单纯囊肿6例。浆液性囊腺瘤与黏液性囊腺瘤在CT值上具有统计学差异,卵巢良性囊性占位在分房、钙化、脂肪成分方面亦有明显不同。结论16层螺旋CT在卵巢良性囊性占位鉴别诊断中具有重要作用。