创伤失血性休克限制性液体复苏的临床观察

目的评价创伤失血性休克(HTS)采用限制性液体复苏的治疗效果,以提高存活率。方法总结1997年-2004年急诊收治常规液体复苏和限制性液体复苏的创伤失血性休克病人60例,对病人的年龄、创伤严重度评分、休克程度、复苏开始时间、输入液体量进行统计学分析,对比常规液体复苏组(n=30)和限制性液体复苏组(n=30)的疗效和存活率。结果限制性液体复苏组输液量为(2089±328)ml,治愈率86.4%,死亡率为13.6%;常规液体复苏组输液量(2965±524)ml,治愈率77.8%,死亡率22.2%。两组间比较有显著性差异(P<0.05)。结论在出血未控制的情况下,限制性液体复苏可提高治愈率,降低死亡率,为后续治疗提供有力条件。     

创伤失血性休克限制性液体复苏的临床同察

目的评价创伤失血性休克(HTS)采用限制性液体复苏的治疗效果,以提高存活率.方法总结1997年-2004年急诊收治常规液体复苏和限制性液体复苏的创伤失血性休克病人60例,对病人的年龄、创伤严重度评分、休克程度、复苏开始时间、输入液体量进行统计学分析,对比常规液体复苏组(n＝30)和限制性液体复苏组(n=30)的疗效和存活率.结果限制性液体复苏组输液量为(2089±328)ml,治愈率86.4%,死亡率为13.6%;常规液体复苏组输液量(2965±524)ml,治愈率77.8%,死亡率22.2%.两组间比较有显著性差异(P＜0.05).结论在出血未控制的情况下,限制性液体复苏可提高治愈率,降低死亡率,为后续治疗提供有力条件.     

颅脑损伤并创伤失血性休克早期限制性液体复苏的疗效评价

目的评价颅脑损伤并创伤失血性休克早期采用限制性液体复苏的治疗效果,以提高治愈率。方法总结2001年1月~2005年1月急诊收治的颅脑损伤并创伤出血性休克病人213例,对其颅脑损伤程度、休克程度、复苏开始时间、输入液量进行统计学分析,对比常规液体复苏组与限制性液体复苏组的治疗效果。结果常规液体复苏组平均输液量为(2532±656)mL,治愈率为63.3%,死亡率为36.7%;限制性液体复苏组平均输液量为(1565±524)mL,治愈率为76.5%,死亡率为23.5%。两组比较有显著性差异(P<0.05)。结论颅脑损伤并创伤失血性休克采用限制性液体复苏方法救治可提高治愈率。     

高渗盐液体复苏治疗失血性休克34例临床分析

目的探讨失血性休克高渗盐水早期限制性液体复苏的临床意义。方法分析70例未控制失血性休克的液体复苏方法,比较常规液体组（n=36）与高渗盐限制性液体复苏组（n=34）两种方法的治愈率、死亡率及MOD8发生率。结果常规组输液量（3080±504）ml,治愈率72．2％、死亡率27．8％,MOD8发生率36.1％;高渗盐水组输液量（1013±320）ml,治愈率91.2％、死亡率8．8％,MODS发生率13．9％,两组间差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论高渗盐水早期限制性液体复苏可提高治愈率,降低MODS发生率。     

创伤失血性休克急诊早期限制性液体复苏的探讨

目的 探讨限制性液体复苏-高渗液体复苏-出血未控制前允许性低血压状态对创伤失血休克急诊早期的救治效果.方法 将56例创伤失血性休克患者随机分成常规液体复苏组(29例),限制性液体复苏组(27例).常规组在止血前早期、快速、足量输入平衡液,维持平均动脉压(MAP)达70～90 mm Hg,限制组在止血前输入7.2%氯化钠的右旋糖酐溶液(晶:胶3:1)4 ml/kg,平均速度20 ml/min,维持MAP在50～70 mm Hg.比较两组患者的输液量、凝血酶原时间(PT)、治愈率及死亡率.结果 与常规液体复苏比较,限制性液体复苏组输液量明显减少,PT明显缩短,治愈率明显升高,死亡率降低,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 限制性液体复苏可避免过分扰乱机体的代偿机制和内环境,改善脏器灌注和氧供,提高创伤失血性休克患者的治愈率,降低死亡率,改善预后.     

限制性液体复苏对严重胸部创伤合并创伤性失血性休克后续救治的影响

目的探讨限制性液体复苏对严重胸部创伤合并创伤性失血性休克后续救治的影响。方法将严重胸部创伤合并创伤性失血性休克150例患者,随机分为观察组和对照组,观察组(n=76)采用了限制性液体复苏措施,对照组(n=74)采用了常规液体复苏措施,对比分析两组临床疗效和并发症的发生率以及死亡率。结果观察组平均输液量为(2069±338)ml,急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)发生率为18.4%,急性肾功能衰竭(ARF)发生率为13.5%,弥漫性血管内凝血(DIC)发生率为11.8%,脓毒血症发生率为18.4%,病死率为23.7%;对照组平均输液量为(2975±527)ml,ARDS发生率为32.4%,ARF发生率为14.9%,DIC发生率为20.2%,脓毒血症发生率为27.0%,病死率为31.1%。组间比较除ARF发生率差异无显著性(P>0.05)外,其余均差异有显著性(P<0.05～0.01)。结论严重胸部创伤合并创伤性失血性休克采用限制性液体复苏方法既可降低ARDS,DIC和脓毒血症的发生率,又不增加ARF的病发率,同时也能降低胸部创伤病死率,是安全的液体复苏方法。     

两种液体复苏方式在抢救多发伤创伤失血性休克中的临床研究

目的观察积极液体复苏（AFR）与限制性液体复苏（LFR）抢救多发伤创伤失血性休克的临床效果。方法研究62例多发伤创伤失血性休克的液体复苏方法,比较积极液体复苏组（n=31）与限制性液体复苏组（n=31）两种方法中治愈率、病死率及弥漫性血管内凝血（DIC）、急性呼吸窘迫综合征（ARDS）、多器官功能障碍综合征（MODS）发生率的结果。结果 AFR组输液量（2790±536）ml,治愈率71.0%,病死率29.0%。LFR组输液量（1802±313）ml,治愈率83.9%,病死率16.1%。两组间差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。DIC、ARDS、MODS的比较,两组差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论抢救多发伤创伤失血性休克中限制性液体复苏法优于积极液体复苏组。     

限制性液体复苏治疗创伤失血性休克98例临床分析

目的:评价分析限制性液体复苏治疗创伤失血性休克的临床效果。方法:选择98例失血性休克患者,根据输液方式的不同分为治疗组(45例)与对照组(53例)。给予对照组患者快速液体复苏,给予试验组患者限制性液体复苏,比较两组的输液量、死亡率及临床满意度,评估限制性液体复苏的临床效果。结果:治疗组的输液量(950±300)ml优于对照组(2600±350)ml;治疗组的死亡率(11.32%)优于对照组(26.67%);治疗组的满意度(98.11%)优于对照组(80%),两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:限制性液体复苏治疗避免了早期大量液体复苏的危害性,并使组织灌注压维持稳定,有助于缩短恢复时间,值得临床的应用与推广,对于该治疗方法所适合的休克类型、血压数值及持续时长尚有待进一步研究和探索。     

限制性液体复苏治疗失血性休克的临床分析

目的 探讨限制性液体复苏治疗失血性休克的临床效果和意义.方法 随机取样分析2008年1月～2011年6月就诊的60例失血性休克患者的液体复苏方法,其中限制性液体复苏30例,常规液体复苏30例,对两组患者的死亡率、实验室指标血红蛋白(HBG)、血小板(PLT)、凝血酶原时间(PT)、红细胞压积(HCT) 进行统计学分析,比较疗效.结果 常规组术前输液量(2880±497) ml,死亡率40.0%,限制性组即实验组输液量(1280±314)ml,死亡率20.0%,且两组患者间比较HBG、PLT、PT、HCT有显著差异,有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 限制性液体复苏在治疗失血性休克过程中,可改善并维持重要组织器官灌注,改善预后并降低死亡率.     

未控制出血的创伤性失血性休克的液体复苏

目的探讨未控制出血的创伤性失血性休克(hemorrhagictraumatic shock,HTS)的液体复苏治疗方法.方法回顾性分析我院134例未控制出血的HTS患者的液体复苏方法,比较常规液体复苏(n=78)与限制性液体复苏(n=56)两种方法的治愈率、多器官功能衰竭(MODS)、急性呼吸窘迫综合症(ARDS)的发生率及死亡率.结果常规液体复苏组治愈率为61.5%,死亡率为38.5%,ARDS发生率为25.6%,MODS发生率为36.0%.限制性液体复苏组,治愈率为78.6%,死亡率为21.4%,ARDS发生率为9.0%,MODS发生率为18.9%.组间比较均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论限制性液体复苏治疗能减少未控制出血的HTS患者MODS和ARDS的发生率,提高其治愈率.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.