试论中医经古方的知识产权保护

中医经古方是中医药的重要组成部分,但是由于现有的知识产权制度不完善,以致对中医经古方的保护正处于一种尴尬境地.文章从中医经古方概念入手,分析当前中医经古方知识产权保护存在的问题并提出中医经古方知识产权保护的对策.     

中医药传统知识的法律保护模式及其完善

现代知识产权制度并不能为中医药传统知识提供全面的保护,是对现行知识产权法进行调试和修改使之符合中医药传统知识保护需要,还是创设一种新的专门保护制度?文章认为中医药传统知识的保护应考虑知识产权制度和专门保护制度的有机结合,在完善现有知识产权法律制度的同时,制定中医药传统知识的专门保护法.     

传统知识视角的中医药知识产权保护研究

现行知识产权制度对保护现代知识颇为见效，但对传统知识保护不力。作为传统知识的中医药知识产权的利益遭受严重侵害，急需救济和保护。作者论证了中医药知识产权保护法理上的正当性以及经济上的必要性，将中医药知识产权利益划分为3种类型，并结合现实情况，对中医药知识产权保护的方略进行了讨论。     

建立中医药专有法律保护制度的可行性分析

近年来,传统知识、传统医药的保护问题,已经成为国际社会关注与研究的热点。随着越来越多的中医药盗版现象的产生,引发了我国对中医药知识产权保护的高度重视,与此同时,现有知识产权制度产生的机制及其应用在很大程度上形成了对我国中医药技术创新的阻碍和发达国家对中医药传统知识的无限掠夺。基于此,文章旨在通过分析国际上的一些成功经验和做法,期望能对我国建立中医药专有法律保护制度的提供借鉴。     

中医药法视域下民间中医资源传承路径探析——以漳州市为例

民间中医药传承在人民幸福、民族自信和国家长治久安中有着举足轻重的作用。以福建省漳州市作为典型,结合《中医药法》探讨并分析民间中医药传承工作面临民间中医资源申报困难、民间中医资源知识产权缺乏保护、非遗传承助力民间中医资源的认知与传播不足、民间中医特色优势作用未能有效发挥等困境,提出进一步加大民间中医资源普查力度、探索民间中医资源知识产权保护路径、强化民间中医资源非遗传承的认知与传播、发挥民间中医特色优势作用等对策。     

中药饮片处方知识产权保护的意义及思路

文章对中药饮片处方知识产权的保护现状和保护难点进行了分析,初步阐明了中药饮片处方知识产权保护的重要性和意义.同时提出了在产品开发前期针对中药饮片处方进行专利保护、中药品种保护、处方备案保护、著作权保护、商业秘密保护等多种思路.特别是基于我国中药饮片处方发展现状和中医药管理体制,提出了较为可行的处方备案保护制度,为最终进行科学有效的中药知识产权保护奠定基础.     

浅议医疗机构中药制剂知识产权保护

医疗机构中药制剂是传承中医药知识的重要载体,在临床上可满足不同层次的需求,但现行知识产权制度尚未能为中药制剂提供全方位保护,在一定程度上影响了中医药的发展。作者结合医疗机构中药制剂的特点,通过探讨医疗机构中药制剂能够获得专利授权、结合《反不正当竞争法》制定促进医疗机构中药制剂研发生产的相关制度,将医疗机构院内制剂纳入中药保护品种和《商标法》管理的可行性分析等内容,以期对完善医疗机构中药制剂知识产权保护制度有所裨益。     

陕西省中医药知识产权保护存在的问题及其对策分析

本文通过对陕西省中药知识产权保护工作情况进行调查研究，提出目前中医药知识产权保护工作中存在的主要问题和相应的对策建议。     

浅谈中医药现代化的经济价值

中医药现代化是中医药事业发展的需要，同时又具有重要的经济价值。一方面，中医现代低级有利于促进中医产业化，中药产业化和中医跨国产业化的兴起；另一方面，中药产业现代化又促使中药在生产，加工，商业贸易和知识产权保护等领域显现重要的经济价值。     

陕西省医药知识产权保护的政策研究

本文通过对陕西省39家医药企业的知识产权保护情况进行调查分析，对陕西省医药知识产权保护现状进行阐述，提出目前陕西省医药知识产权保护工作中存在问题为：知识产权保护措施不利，对知识产权制度了解不足，运用知识产权知识能力较低，企业知识产权培训缺乏，知识产权信息沟通较少，企业普遍规模较小，科研投入不足，专利申请量少等。     

智能输（注）液泵选择与使用管理

本文就目前临床对智能输液泵、注射泵的选择、使用、管理等进行分析 ,并就其产品的选择和发展进行了分析、目的在于提示护理人员重视安全使用。     

Family Size, Birth Order, Socioeconomic Status, Ethnicity, Parent-Child Relationship, and Preschool Children's Intellectual Development

The contributions of family size, birth orders socioeconomic status, ethnicity, and parent-child relationships to preschool children's intellectual development were investigated. Seventy-four children and their biological parents served as subjects. A non-hierarchical regression analysis applied to the data revealed socioeconomic status of the family and warmth of the father-child relationship made significant, positive contributions to preschool children's intellectual development. Findings were discussed from the perspective of three competing theoretical positions relative to the contributions of the variables of interest in this study to children's intellectual development.     

老年知识分子营养状况调查分析

本文调查了２８７名老年知识分子的营养状况，结果表明：（１）摄入的能量是ＲＤＡ的１２１％，脂肪能量占总能量的３４％，动物脂肪占总脂肪量的４０．２％，膳食中胆固醇高达６１２ｍｇ。（２）超重和肥胖率４４．２％，高脂血症５４％，冠心病３４．５％。根据近代医学研究，本组老人肥胖、高脂血症和冠心病发病率高可能与高能量、高脂肪、高动物脂肪和高胆固醇膳食有关。     

注重在高知群体中发展党员

重视在高知群体中发展党员,首先必须根据党的中心任务制定并实施党员发展计划,形成长效培养机制,实施人性化、个性化的"引导工程",同时要注重在实践中培养锻炼和典型引路的方法,吸收更多的高知入党,以壮大党员队伍,优化组织结构,增强党组织在医院建设中的政治核心作用和战斗堡垒作用,促进医院更好更快发展。     

138名知识分子血清同型半胱氨酸水平及其影响因素调查研究

目的:了解知识分子血清同型半胱氨酸水平及其相关影响因素。方法:在天津、广州、成都三座城市大专院校、科研院所选择年龄40~69岁,138名具有高级职称的知识分子作研究对象,对其应激水平、血清同型半胱氨酸、唾液皮质醇水平以及相关影响因素进行调查分析。结果:研究对象血清同型半胱氨酸平均水平为20.6±0.8μmol/L。高水平唾液皮质醇组的血清同型半胱氨酸水平明显高于低水平唾液皮质醇组。各年龄组之间比较,40~49岁年龄组受试者血清同型半胱氨酸水平最高。男性血清同型半胱氨酸平均水平高于女性。将受试者血清同型半胱氨酸水平进行地区间的比较,天津受试者的血清同型半胱氨酸平均水平最高,成都居中,广州最低。结论:知识分子血清同型半胱氨酸水平显著高于正常人群。应激水平、性别、居住地对同型半胱氨酸水平有明显影响。     

Participation when using cognitive assistive devices – from the perspective of people with intellectual disabilities

The aim of the study was to describe how people with intellectual disabilities experienced their participation in everyday activities when using cognitive assistive devices. The purpose of cognitive assistive devices is to compensate for cognitive problems, to enhance independence when performing activities and to support decision making in daily life. Nine persons, 17–37 years old, with mild intellectual disability were selected by purposive sampling. Data collection was conducted by semi‐structured interviews. The results showed that participation in everyday activities increased when using cognitive assistive devices. The persons experienced having more control and health benefits using cognitive assistive devices in daily activities. There were participation restrictions related to attitudes from the social network towards participation, and attitudes towards the use of cognitive assistive devices from the persons themselves and from the social network. Occupational therapists should be aware of the social factors that may influence a client's participation in everyday activities when using cognitive assistive devices. There is a need for more research with clients with intellectual disabilities and further research concerning long‐time use of cognitive assistive devices. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Columbia University's Axel Patents: Technology Transfer and Implications for the Bayh-Dole Act

Context: The Bayh-Dole Act of 1980, which gave federal grantees and contractors the right to patent and license inventions stemming from federally funded research, was intended to encourage commercial dissemination of research that would otherwise languish for want of a patent incentive. The case of Columbia University''s Axel patents, which claimed a scientific method to introduce foreign proteins into nucleated cells, illustrates a secondary outcome of the Bayh-Dole Act: the incentive for federal grantees and contractors to pursue royalty revenues from patented research, even for inventions for which commercial use did not require patents.Methods: This article describes oral interviews with two of the three inventors and a former high-ranking administrator at Columbia; correspondence with several faculty members at Columbia to obtain key royalty figures and information about Columbia''s licensing strategy; patent searches; examinations of legal records of court proceedings; and analysis of citation trends for the seminal papers disclosing the invention of cotransformation.Findings: Columbia University and the inventors profited handsomely from the Axel patents, earning $790 million in revenues through licensing arrangements that tapped profits from end products made by biotechnology and pharmaceutical companies. Columbia''s aggressive effort to extend the patent duration also led to considerable legal expenditures and fierce controversy. In particular, obtaining and enforcing a 2002 patent proved costly, politically difficult, and financially fruitless and attracted intense criticism for behavior unbecoming a nonprofit academic institution.Conclusions: This case study raises several important questions about the logic and future revisions of the Bayh-Dole Act: Are revenue generation and financial rewards for inventing valuable technologies legitimate goals for this act? If so, does the federal government need credible mechanisms for oversight of, or checks and balances on, the rights conferred?     

知识经济时代领导管理思维的更新

本对知识经济时代领导管理思维的更新进行探讨。在知识经济时代应更新的问题如下：（1）管理理论和思维；（2）管理程序；（3）管理手段。     

Providing care to meet complex needs: A cross-sectorial approach

This is a case study of a young man with a mild intellectual disability and schizophrenia, who as a result of engaging in high-risk behaviour acquired HIV and subsequently developed AIDS dementia. This resulted in a crisis of care that could not be resolved by traditional diagnostic based clinical services. A care package was developed by the authors that focused on the young man's needs, while embracing the principles of harm minimisation and the least restrictive environment. The authors argue that it is only through the development of a cross-sectorial approach based on the needs of the individual that the needs of people with complex care issues can be met.     

教育方式对婴儿早期智力发育的影响

为探讨影响婴儿早期智力发育不平衡的因素和寻找更好的教养方式 ,根据“婴幼儿发育检查手册”(即Gesell量表 )对 6 8例 3月龄健康婴儿进行测量 ,并对其家长用问卷进行调查 ,取得相关资料。结果显示 :3月龄婴儿 5个能区的发育不平衡。根据单因素分析和用Logistic回归进行多因素分析 :较多的户外活动、以父亲为主看护、父亲较高的文化水平有利于适应行为的发展 ;给孩子较多的运动机会和联合型家庭对小儿大运动能力的形成非常重要 ;给小儿戴手套将阻碍小儿大运动和精细动作的发展 ;联合型家庭中生活的小儿 ,语言方面发展较好 ;运动机会较多对小儿个人 -社交行为发展也非常重要