国产乙型肝炎酵母重组疫苗的免疫效果观察

采用０、１、６月免疫程序，对３６４名６￣１２岁健康小学生接种３批国产乙肝酵母重组疫苗。结果接种儿童中均未观察到严重的全身反应和局部反应。首针免疫后３、７和１２个月，抗ＨＢｓ阳转率分别为８２．４％，９８．８％和９９．１％，首免后１２个月抗体ＧＭＴ未见明显下降。表明国产乙肝酵母重组疫苗是安全的，并可诱导较高抗体应答。     

山西省昔阳县乙型肝炎感染标志的血清学研究

对山西省昔阳县471人检测HBsAg、抗-HBs、抗-HBc三项HBV感染标志,其阳性率分别为10.19%、34.61%和19.11%,HBV总感染率为52.65%,表明昔阳县为乙型肝炎高发地区。HBsAg、抗-HBs阳性率和HBV感染率年龄分布呈一特殊模式:均随年龄增长而上升,至30岁年龄组为高峰,后HBsAg阳性率随年龄增长而下降;而抗-HBs阳性率和HBV感染率略有下降,到50岁年龄组又升至一个高峰。HBsAg阳性率农民显著高于干部,HBV感染率也以农民为最高(59.55%)。食品从业人员由于受历次检查的筛选,HBV感染率最低(37.50%);男女性别HBV感染机会相同。分析三项HBV感染标志的传染源作用和HBV感染情况,为制订乙型肝炎防治重点提供了科学依据。     

新生儿乙型肝炎疫苗免疫持久性观察及再免研究

新生儿经乙型肝炎（乙肝）疫苗１０μｇ３针全程免疫接种４、５年后，抗－ＨＢｓ阳性率分别为８２．５４％和７２．０３％。其抗－ＨＢｓ低滴度（≥１０～９９ｍＩＵ／ｍｌ）占４４．６１％，中等滴度（≥１００～９９９ｍＩＵ／ｍｌ）占３２．３４％，最高值为８５７ｍＩＵ／ｍｌ。对抗－ＨＢｓ＜１０ｍＩＵ／ｍｌ与≥１０ｍＩＵ／ｍｌ的各组予以乙型肝炎疫苗１０μｇ１剂再免，再免后１个月抗－ＨＢｓ大幅度升高，３个月时－ＨＢｓ开始回落，６个月时抗－ＨＢｓ大幅度下降，至１２个月左右时抗－ＨＢｓ逐趋于再免前的水平。本文提示国产乙型肝炎疫苗具良好的免疫效果，５～７年内不必普遍性再免。对－ＨＢｓ＜１０ｍＩＵ／ｍｌ的儿童再免后有一定裨益，但持续时间较短。     

1000例乙型肝炎5项指标测定结果分析

笔者对1000例乙型肝炎患者进行了乙肝抗原抗体5项标志物检测,结果发现有13种不同组合模式,现报告如下。1 材料与方法1.1 病例来源从1997年1月10日到1998年7月30日,对来院就诊的肝炎门诊病人和在我院住院的肝炎患者以及部分体检 HBV 阳性标本共计1000例,年龄在12岁～65岁,     

不同程序接种重组酵母乙型肝炎疫苗的免疫效果比较

现将我校 98级、99级新生中乙肝易感者 ,使用重组酵母乙肝疫苗分别按两种不同程序免疫注射后的免疫效果报告如下。1　资料与方法1.1　检测对象　本校 98级入学的新生 10 48人及 99级入学的新生 913人 ,分别于入学后全部抽取静脉血 2ｍｌ,用酶联法(ＥＬＩＳＡ)对乙肝表面抗原 (ＨＢｓＡｇ)、表面抗体 (抗 -ＨＢｓ)及核心抗体 (抗 -ＨＢｃ)做定性检测 ,试剂为深圳月亮湾生物制品研究所生产 ,按说明进行操作及结果判断。1.2　接种对象　分别从 10 48人和 913人中检出乙肝易感者(ＨＢｓＡｇ及抗 -ＨＢｓ均阴性者 ) 2 6 9人及 2 14人 ,进行重组酵…     

乙型肝炎免疫状况10年动态研究

１９８５－１９９５年，运用ＳＰＲＩＡ对宜昌市部分人群进行三次乙肝标志物检测。三次检测结果，ＨＢｓＡｇ由１６．３％，防至９．９％和５．２％，抗－ＨＢｓ由３４．７％升至４６．８％和６４．９％，抗－ＨＢｃ由５２．８％降至２６．１％和２４．２％，其差异均极为显著。０－１４岁人群ＨＢｓＡｇ由１８．９％降到０，抗－ＨＢｓ由１８．９％上升５７．１％和６２．５，抗，－ＨＢｓ单项阳性由１２．４％升到３３．０％和５５     

农村新生儿乙型肝炎疫苗免疫后10年的效果观察

为了解新生儿乙肝疫苗免疫后抗－ＨＢｓ持久性及远期保护效果,从１９８６年开始,结合农村计划免疫给新生儿接种３针１０μｇ／ｍｌ血源乙肝疫苗,对免疫后首次检测ＨＢｓＡｇ阴性的７６２名免疫儿童进行了最长１０年的追踪观察。结果（１）母亲ＨＢｓＡｇ阴性儿和阳性儿的抗－ＨＢｓ阳性率以Ｓ／Ｎ值≥２．１标准计算,分别从免疫后第１年９４．４４％和８４．２１％降至第１０年５０．２４％和３４．７８％,均呈逐年下降趋势;抗－ＨＢｓＳ／Ｎ值的ＧＭＴ由第２年的３１．６２和２３．９９降至第１０年的３．０９和２．５１,下降更为明显,且ＧＭＴ以免疫后３～５年下降最快,而抗－ＨＢｓ阳性率则以９～１０年下降最快。（２）母亲ＨＢｓＡｇ阴性儿６８８名,共观察了３５５９．０人年,出现５例ＨＢｓＡｇ阳转者,ＨＢｓＡｇ年阳转率０．１４％;母亲ＨＢｓＡｇ阳性儿７４名,共观察了４５６．５人年,出现１例ＨＢｓＡｇ阳转者,ＨＢｓＡｇ年阳转率０．２２％,出现的６例ＨＢｓＡｇ阳转者均未形成慢性携带状态。与乙肝疫苗免疫前同龄ＨＢＶ易感儿童ＨＢｓＡｇ年阳转率４．２７％相比,乙肝疫苗对母亲ＨＢｓＡｇ阴性儿和阳性儿的ＨＢｓＡｇ阳转保护率分别为９６．７２％和９４．８５％。     

两种重组乙型肝炎疫苗免疫效果对比研究

目的 客观地评价北京市现行不同乙型肝炎（乙肝）疫苗的免疫效果。方法 选择既往无乙肝疫苗接种史的大学生及出生时全程免疫过的儿童，检测血清HBsAg、抗-HBs及抗-HBc，全阴性者作为观察对象。入选大学生280人，按照0、1、6个月程序进行3针基础免疫，其中接种重组酿酒酵母乙肝疫苗（10μg、5μg、5μg）140人，重组汉逊酵母乙肝疫苗（10μg、10μg、10μg）140人。入选儿童98人进行1针加强免疫，其中酿酒酵母疫苗49人（5μg），汉逊酵母疫苗49人（10μg）。免疫后1个月采血检测抗-HBs。结果 大学生3针免疫后，抗-HBs有效阳转率（≥10mIU／ml）酿酒酵母疫苗低于汉逊酵母疫苗（93．5％，99．3％，P〈0．05），几何平均滴度（GMT）二：者差异无统计学意义（81．2mIU／ml，94．6mIu／ml，P〉0．05）。从男性看，接种酿酒酵母疫苗的抗体有效阳转率及GMT均低于汉逊酵母疫苗（85．7％，100．0％，P〈0．01）（56．6mIU／ml，98．6mIU／ml，P〈0．01），而对于女性，差异均无统计学意义（98．8％，98．5％，P〉0．05）（103．4mIU／ml，90．3mIU／ml，P〉0．05）。从同种疫苗不同性别看，接种酿酒酵母疫苗抗体有效阳转率及GMT男性均低于女性（85．7％，98．8％，P〈0．01）（56．6mIU／ml，103．4mIU／ml，P〈0．01），而汉逊酵母疫苗男女性差异均无统计学意义（100．0％，98．5％，P〉0．05）（98．6mIU／ml，90．3mIU／ml，P〉0．05）。出生时按程序免疫的儿童，其抗-HBs阳性率随年龄增长呈下降趋势（P〈0．01）。70例阴转者经1针加强免疫后，98．6％出现阳转，GMT显著提高到免疫前的15倍。阳转率及GMT2种疫苗差异无统计学意义（100．0％，97．4％，P〉0．05）（80．5mIU／ml，68．5mIU／ml，P〉0．05）。结论 乙肝疫苗的接种效果与疫苗种类及受种者性别均有关系。成人基础免疫，按目前常规使用剂量，男性接种汉逊酵母疫苗效果优于酿酒酵母疫苗，女性2种疫苗效果均好。儿童加强免疫，2种疫苗效果均较理想。重组疫苗初免后抗体阴转者的免疫记忆良好，新生儿完成重组乙肝疫苗全程免疫后至少6年之内无需加强。     

不同种类重组乙型肝炎疫苗免疫效果观察

目的评价不同种类乙肝疫苗成人免疫效果和儿童加强免疫效果。方法筛选乙肝表面抗原(HBsAg)、乙肝表面抗体(抗-HBs)、乙肝核心抗体(抗-HBc)阴性的学龄前儿童及大学生,按照0、1、6个月程序接种4种疫苗,采用血清流行病学的方法,对其免疫效果进行比较。结果接种不同种类基因乙肝疫苗都能获得较理想的免疫效果,平均抗-HBs阳性率在95.00%以上,平均GMC1336.58 mIU/mL。对既往接种过乙肝疫苗且目前HBV感染指标阴性的儿童分别加强接种不同种类乙肝疫苗,抗-HBs阳性率均在96.00%以上,平均GMC为966.50 mIU/mL。结论接种4种不同的乙肝疫苗均有较好的免疫效果。     

重组酵母乙型肝炎疫苗血清学免疫效果的观察

目的：探讨国产重组酵母乙型肝炎（乙肝）疫苗不同剂量，不同间隔时间免疫后4年的血清学免疫效果。方法：对乙肝表面抗原（HBsAg)阳性母亲和阴性母亲的新生儿，按第1针分别接种10μg或5μg乙肝疫苗，4年后观察免疫效果，同时对HBsAg阴性母亲的新生儿选择第3针与第1针的不同间隔时间进行接种，全程免疫后4年观察免疫效果。结果：乙肝疫苗全程免疫4年后，HBsAg阳性母亲的新生儿第1针接种10μg组抗－HBs阳性率高于5μg组，差别有显著性，对HB－sAg阴性母亲的新生儿进行免疫时，乙肝疫苗第3针与第1针间隔5，6，8个月，其抗－HBs阳性率及抗体水平，差别均无显著性，所有接种对象，全程免疫4年后抗－HBs阳性率及抗体水平均较低。结论：HBsAg阳性母亲的新生儿国产重组酵母乙肝疫苗第1针10μg组全程免疫效果优于5μg组，HBsAg阴性母亲的新生儿乙肝疫苗第3针与第1针间隔5，6，8个月都是可行的，4周岁儿童乙肝疫苗加强接种是必要的。     

成人接种重组酵母乙型肝炎疫苗免疫效果观察

目的：探讨重组酵母乙型肝炎（乙肝）疫苗（YDV）对厉人的免疫效果及其安全性,方法：在辽宁省北票市部分学校随机选择一般健康状况良好、乙肝表面抗原（HBsAg）、乙肝表面抗体（抗－HBs）及乙肝核心抗体（抗－HBc）三项指标均为阴性且体温正常的22－58岁的教师124名,按0、1、6个月程序,每次5μg/0.5ml接种国产重组酵母乙肝疫苗。结果：免疫后3、7、12和24个月时,抗－HBs阳转率分别为35．0％,83．3％,65．5％和32．7％,抗抗－HBs平均滴度分别为12．6、402．0、70．3和20．3mIU/ml;抗－HBs阳转率及其滴度均在7个月时达到高峰,以后又急剧下降,免疫后各月女性抗－HBs阳转率和滴度均高于男性;＜35岁组的抗体阳性率高于≥35岁组,但12个月时,二比较差异有显意义;免疫3d后未出现局部和全身不良反应。结论：重组酵母乙肝疫苗对成人具有良好的免疫原性和安全性,其抗－HBs持续时间有待进一步观察。     

Presence of immune memory and immunity to hepatitis B virus in adults after neonatal hepatitis B vaccination

Neonatal vaccination against hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection was launched in the 1980s in Qidong, China, where HBV and hepatocellular carcinoma were highly prevalent. Presence of immune memory and immunity against HBV in adults needs to be clarified. From a cohort of 806 who received plasma-derived Hep-B-Vax as neonates and were consecutively followed at ages 5, 10, and 20 years, 402 twenty-four-year-old adults were recruited for booster test. Among them 4 (1%) were found to be HBsAg(+), 27 (6.7%) were HBsAg(−)anti-HBc(+), 121 (30.2%) were HBsAg(−)anti-HBc(−)anti-HBs(+), and 252 (62.4%) were HBsAg(−)anti-HBc(−)anti-HBs(−). Of them, 141 subjects with HBsAg(−)anti-HBc(−) were boosted with 10-μg recombinant HBV vaccine on day-0 and 1-month. The conversion rates of anti-HBs ≥10 mIU/ml on D10-12 and 1-month post-booster were 71.4% and 87.3% respectively in the vaccinees who were anti-HBs(+) at age 5, higher than in those who were anti-HBs(−) at age 5, 57.5% and 80.0% respectively, but no statistically significant. After the second dose of booster, all subjects with anti-HBs(+) at age 5 had anti-HBs >500 mIU/ml. However, 6/40 subjects, with anti-HBs(−) at age 5, had anti-HBs <10 mIU/ml, geometric mean concentration was 3.6 (95% CI 2.0-7.7). Of the subjects received booster, 44 subjects were determined the presence of T cell immunity on D10-12, 41 had HBsAg-specific T cells detectable, including 7/10 subjects whose anti-HBs were <10 mIU/ml 10-12 days post-booster. Among 27 HBsAg(−)anti-HBc(+) subjects, 19 had detectable serum HBV-DNA, and an “a” epitope mutation was found in 1/5 HBV isolates. One subject who was anti-HBc(+) at age 20 converted into HBsAg(+) 4 years later. The adults received neonatal HBV vaccination had immune memory and immunity against HBV infection. However, 31.9% of neonatal HBV vaccinees who responded weakly at an early age might be susceptible to HBV infection after childhood.     

乙型肝炎疫苗不同接种程序对成人的免疫效果及持久性观察

[目的]评价成人按\     

High rates of serological response to a modified hepatitis B vaccination schedule in HIV-infected adults subjects

We evaluated a modified HBV regimen in a cohort of HIV-infected subjects in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. HIV-infected subjects with no serologic evidences of previous hepatitis B infection were immunized with 4 doses (40 μg each) of recombinant hepatitis B vaccine given at 0, 1, 2 and 6 months. Blood samples were collected 1 month after the last dose and anti-HBs titers were measured. A protective antibody response was defined as an anti-HBs titer ≥10 mIU/mL. Forty-seven subjects (30 women, 17 men; mean age was 36 years, ranging from 21 to 58 years) were included in the final analysis. Median baseline CD4+ lymphocyte count was 402 cells/mm³ and 33 subjects (70%) had an HIV viral load below 80 copies/mL. A protective antibody response was observed in 42 (89%) subjects. Thirty-seven (78%) and 28 (60%) patients developed anti-HBs titers higher than 100 mIU/mL and 1000 mIU/mL, respectively. 1 out of 5 non-responders (20%) had an HIV viral load below the detection limit, in contrast with 32 (76%) of those with an adequate serologic response (p = 0.02). These findings suggest that 4-double dose alternative schedule may be considered to overcome the lower seroconversion rates observed with the standard regimens in HIV-infected subjects.     

广西壮族自治区隆安县乙型肝炎疫苗全程接种后的免疫记忆研究

目的了解接种全程乙型肝炎（乙肝）疫苗后的免疫记忆情况。方法1987-1989年出生时接种乙肝血源疫苗的1201名新生儿,以及1996-1999年出生时接种乙肝酵母重组疫苗的2484名新生儿,于2005年随访时检测乙肝表面抗原（HBsAg）、表面抗体（抗-HBs）和核心抗体（抗- HBc）,结果959名3项乙肝病毒（HBV）标志物均阴性,其中228名接种乙肝血源疫苗,731名接种乙肝酵母重组疫苗,于加强免疫1针乙肝酵母重组疫苗后15 d时检测其抗-HBs。此外,随机选择11名加强免疫后无应答和22名有应答者,应用酶免疫斑点法（ELISPOT）测定白细胞介素-2（IL-2）。有初次免疫后抗-HBs定量检测资料者190名,比较其初次免疫和加强免疫后抗-HBs水平。结果加强免疫后,79．82%接种乙肝血源疫苗者抗-HBs阳转,几何平均滴度（GMT）为325．69 mIU/ml;95．62%接种乙肝酵母重组疫苗者抗-HBs阳转,GMT为745．18 mIU/ml。加强免疫后所产生的抗-HBs水平与初次免疫后抗体滴度有关。加强免疫后抗-HBs阳转者的IL-2阳性率（40．91%）也高于无应答者（P＜0．01）。结论在乙肝疫苗初次免疫后,抗-HBs转阴者中,大部分仍具有免疫记忆,仅少部分在长期随访中丧失免疫记忆。因此,在高流行地区,对丧失免疫记忆者应进行乙肝疫苗加强免疫。     

乙肝疫苗免疫人群乙肝病毒感染和发病状况研究

目的了解上海市儿童乙肝疫苗免疫后乙肝病毒感染和发病情况。方法采用多阶段随机抽样方法,于2000年和2006年共计抽取1 904份接种人群血液标本,用酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）检测HBsAg、抗-HBs和抗-HBc。结果新生儿乙肝疫苗接种率和及时率均保持较高水平。20岁以下人群乙肝发病率明显下降;HBsAg携带率降幅为78.34%。儿童乙肝患者中84.35%（124/147）未接种过乙肝疫苗;23例接种乙肝疫苗但患病的儿童中,12例患儿的母亲或父亲HB-sAg阳性。结论儿童接种乙肝疫苗是预防和降低乙肝感染的有效措施。需加强母（父）婴阻断和家庭内传播机制的研究。     

乙型肝炎疫苗接种预防乙型肝炎和肝癌效果

目的 评价乙型肝炎(乙肝)疫苗预防乙肝和原发性肝细胞癌(肝癌)的保护效果。方法采用出生队列调查、横断面血清流行病学调查以及乙肝发病和肝癌死亡监测,对乙肝疫苗的预防效果进行评价。结果 婴儿乙肝疫苗普种后14年,接种人群HBsAg阳性率为0.7％～2.9％(平均为1.5％),保护率为83.5％～96.6％;HBV感染率为1.1％～5.1％(平均为2.2％),保护率为93.5％～98.4％。乙肝疫苗普种后15年,1～14岁年龄组乙肝发病率为1.4/10万,下降92.4％;0～19岁组肝癌死亡率为0.17/10万,下降19.23倍。结论 婴儿乙肝疫苗普种可降低急性乙肝发病率和肝癌死亡率。     

Long-term protection after hepatitis B vaccination in people living with HIV

BackgroundHepatitis B vaccine is important in people living with HIV (PLHIV) since both viruses have the same transmission routes and co-infection has greater morbidity.PLHIV usually have poor response to hepatitis B vaccine. The duration of immunity in PLHIV is unknown.The objective of this study is to evaluate the duration of serological response and clinical protection provided by hepatitis B vaccination in PLHIV.MethodsRetrospective study of a PLHIV cohort primarily vaccinated for hepatitis B virus (HBV) from 2001 to 2002. Markers of infection and protection from HBV were investigated in those individuals who were still attending the outpatient clinic, in São Paulo, Brazil from 2012 to 2014. Three groups were analyzed. Group 1: adults who responded to primary vaccine series. Group 2: non-responders to primary vaccine series. Group 3: subjects from both Groups 1 and 2 who did not receive any booster doses after seroconversion.ResultsA cohort of 121 PLHIV was analyzed for seroconversion and persistence of anti-HBs. The majority were female (54.5%) and mean age was 50.1 years.After 11 years, none of the patients had serologic evidence of HBV infection.Overall, 41/58 (70.7%) of the initial responders (Group 1) had maintained anti-HBs ≥ 10 mIU/mL. Greater CD4+ values and anti-HBs > 100 mIU/mL at the time of first vaccine series were associated with persistence of anti-HBs.During the time of evaluation, 35/63 (55.6%) of the initial non-responders (Group 2) successfully seroconverted (anti-HBs ≥ 10 mIU/mL) in response to one or more booster doses.From the time of their seroconversion, 70 of the patients did not receive any further booster doses (Group 3). After 10 years, 54/70 (77.1%) of these individuals has maintained anti-HBs ≥ 10 mIU/mL.ConclusionsEvaluation of long-term immunity for hepatitis B in PLHIV following vaccination showed a strong persistence of anti-HBs and no serologic evidence of HBV infection. Boosters may be effective in PLHIV non-responders to primary vaccination.     

A controlled clinical trial comparing the safety and immunogenicity of a new adjuvanted hepatitis B vaccine with a standard hepatitis B vaccine

A randomised trial was conducted in 285 adults not immune to hepatitis B (HB) to compare the safety and immunogenicity of a commercial aluminium-adjuvanted HB vaccine with and without an additional new adjuvant (AgB/RC-210-04 or AgB study groups, respectively). The additional adjuvant RC-529 is a fully synthetic monosaccharide mimetic of monophosphoryl lipid A. Subjects in the AgB/RC-210-04 (n=136) and AgB (n=149) groups were vaccinated intramuscularly on days 0, 30, and 180, according to the standard vaccination schedule for hepatitis B vaccines. Serum levels of anti-HBs were measured on days 30, 60, 90, 180, and 210. Standard safety assessments were made throughout the study period. The rates of seroprotection (anti-HBs > or =10.0 mIU/ml) were significantly greater for the AgB/RC-210-04 group at all time points: at day 90, the seroprotection rate, the primary endpoint of the trial, was 99% for AgB/RC-210-04 compared with 84% for AgB (p<0.0001). Similarly, geometric mean anti-HBs titres were significantly higher at all time points for the AgB/RC-210-04 group. There were more local reactions in the AgB/RC-210-04 group, however they were transient and this double-adjuvanted formulation was well tolerated. We conclude that the addition of a synthetic adjuvant to the AgB vaccine significantly enhanced the immunogenicity of the commercial vaccine AgB. The results indicate furthermore that a two-dose regime of the double-adjuvanted vaccine (schedule: 0-1 month) may be sufficient to achieve seroprotection in nearly 100% of individuals.     

新生儿乙型肝炎疫苗免疫接种效果分析

目的 观察新生儿应用乙型肝炎疫苗接种的免疫效果,为该地区儿童乙型肝炎预防提供参考.方法 选取2009年5月-2012年8月进行乙型肝炎疫苗接种的0～3岁婴幼儿1187例,根据年龄分为＜1岁组276例、1～2岁组302例、2～3岁组298例和＞3岁组311例,采用ELISA法检测4组新生儿血清中乙型肝炎病毒表面抗原(HBsAg)和乙型肝炎病毒表面抗体(抗-HBs)两项指标,比较不同年龄阶段新生儿免疫情况.结果 1187例婴幼儿抗-HBs阳性率为84.08％,其中＜1岁组为94.57％、1～2岁组为87.75％、2～3岁组为81.54％、＞3岁组为73.63％,4组的抗-HBs阳性率差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);1187例婴幼儿HBsAg阳性率为0.34％,＜1岁组和1～2岁组均为0、2～3岁组为0.34％、＞3岁组0.96％,4组的HBsAg阳性率差异无统计学意义.结论 接种过乙型肝炎疫苗的新生儿免疫水平随年龄增长开始降低,有必要对≥3周岁儿童再次进行乙型肝炎血清标志物检测,及时采取乙型肝炎预防措施.