Graves病患者131I治疗前后TGAb、TMAb与TPOAb水平变化及其临床观察

通过测定Graves病患者131I治疗前后TGAb、TMAb、TPOAb动态变化,探讨在治疗过程中检测TGAb、TMAb、TPOAb的价值。对73例Graves病患者131I治疗前按TGAb、TMAb、TPOAb水平分为阳性组48例和阴性组25例,并对其治疗后3、6、12和18个月的血清TGAb、TMAb、TPOAb水平进行测量。两组间临床治愈率和未愈率及早发甲低率均有显著性差异(P<0.01)。动态检测Graves病患者131I治疗前后TGAb、TMAb、TPOAb含量变化可以观察疗效、指导治疗、预测复发。     

初诊Graves甲亢患者TRAb水平与其首次131I治疗预后的关系

目的 探讨初诊Graves病患者首次131I治疗前血清促甲状腺激素受体抗体(thyrotrophin receptor antibody,TRAb)水平对其疗效的影响.方法 2013年1月到5月于我科就诊的初发Graves病患者477例,血清检测甲状腺功能、TPOAb、TGAb、TRAb、24h最高摄131I率和SPECT法计算甲状腺质量,并进行131I治疗.结果 131I治疗后随访1年,甲功正常组249例(52.2％),未愈组142例(29.8％),甲减组86例(18.0％).用非条件Logistic回归分析对影响因素进行分析发现甲状腺质量和TRAb影响治疗预后(OR值分别为0.876和0.892),kendall相关分析未发现二者有关联.ROC曲线分析发现当初诊GD患者TRAb测定值＞21.74IU/L时其首次131I治疗后未愈的可能性增大,TRAb测定值＜9.62 IU/L时,甲减的可能性增加.结论 TRAb和甲状腺质量影响初诊GD患者131I治疗预后,当TRAb测定值＞21.74 IU/L时应适当增加治疗剂量,TRAb测定值＜9.62 IU/L时应适当减少剂量.但由于疾病和患者因素的复杂性,如何优化治疗效果还有许多问题函待解决.     

Graves病131I治疗后甲状腺过氧化物酶和甲状腺球蛋白抗体的变化及与早发甲减的关系

目的:探讨131I治疗Graves病后1年半内甲功、甲状腺过氧化物酶抗体(TPOAb)、甲状腺球蛋白抗体(TGAb)改变的规律以及与早发甲状腺功能减低的关系。方法:应用标记免疫分析法测定130例Grave病患者的TPOAb、TGAb的水平,根据其阴性、阳性分为阳性组(TPOAb和TGAb均为阳性)和阴性组(TPOAb和TGAb均为阴性),并于131I治疗后3、6、12、18个月时测血清FT3、FT4、sTSH、TPOAb、TGAb,观察其变化规律及与早发甲减的关系。结果:与治疗前比较,TPOAb阳性率治疗后3个月下降,治疗6个月后阳性率较治疗前升高,12个月后阳性率略有下降,至治疗18月时,阳性率明显下降(P<0.01)。TGAb治疗后3个月时无明显变化(P>0.05),治疗后6个月时其阳性率最高,与治疗前相比P<0.05,治疗18个月时下降更明显。131I治疗后18月时随访,甲低的发生率阳性组患者为19.23%(10/52例),甲亢未愈为7.69%(4/52例)。阴性组甲低发生率为8.97%(7/78),阳性组甲低发生率明显高于阴性组(P<0.01)。I治疗3月,6月,12月时暂时性甲低发生率阳性组均明显高于阴性组(P<0.05)。结论:TGAb、TPOAb阳性组甲减的发生率明显高于阴性组,提示早发甲减与TGAb和TPOAb呈显著相关,尤其是TPOAb。131I治疗后动态检测TPOAB和TGAB的变化规律对指导临床观察、判断治疗的预后有重要的指导意义。     

测定TGA、TMA对预测131I治疗Graves’甲亢后甲低的意义

本文对2006年～2008年间接受131I治疗的238例甲亢患者进行了1年以上的随访,并进行回顾性分析,以探讨131I治疗Graves’甲亢后早发甲低与TGA(甲状腺球蛋白抗体)、TMA(甲状腺微粒体抗体)的关系。1资料和方法1.1临床资料238例(男78,女160)病例,均为2006年～2008年间在我院核医学科经查血清FT3、FT4、TSH等确诊并接受131I治疗的Graves’病患者,平均年龄30.6岁(18～66岁)。     

Graves病患者放射性碘治疗后TGA,TMA的动态变化及临床意义

目的：测定放射性碘^131I治疗前后Graves病患者血清甲状腺球蛋白抗体（TGA）、甲状腺微粒体抗体（TMA）,探讨放射性碘在Graves病治疗中的价值。方法：应用放射免疫分析法（RIA）对Graves病患者^131I治疗前及治疗后2,4,6,8,10及12个月的血清TGA,TMA水平进行动态测量。结果：血清TGA水平在^131I治疗后2和8个月,血清TMA水平在^131I治疗后10个月均出现显著降低（P分别＜0．05;＜0．01;＜0．01）。^131I治疗后两项抗体的阳性转阴率明显高于阴性转阳率。结论：放射性碘^131I治疗Graves病可以使甲状腺自身抗体水平降低,放射性碘疗法可以促进自身免疫状态的缓解和修复。     

甲状腺毒症患者单个核细胞Foxp3检测分析

目的:检测分析弥漫性毒性甲状腺肿(Graves病)和亚急性甲状腺炎患者单个核细胞叉头状/翼状螺旋转录因子3(Foxp3)阳性率和血浆甲状腺球蛋白抗体(TGAb)、甲状腺过氧化物酶抗体(TPOAb)浓度变化。方法:采用流式细胞分析技术分别检测32例Graves病患者(Graves病组)、27例亚急性甲状腺炎患者(亚甲炎组)及30例健康对照者(对照组)外周血单个核细胞Foxp3阳性率;化学发光法测定血浆TGAb、TPOAb水平,比较组间各指标的差异,并分析Graves病患者单个核细胞Foxp3阳性率与血浆TGAb、TPOAb水平的相关性。结果:Graves病组单个核细胞Foxp3阳性率显著低于对照组和亚甲炎组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),Graves病组TGAb、TPOAb水平均明显高于对照组和亚甲炎组,差异亦有统计学意义(P0.05);Graves病患者单个核细胞Foxp3阳性率与血浆TGAb和TPOAb水平均呈负相关(r=-0.70、-0.63,P0.05)。结论:Foxp3、TGAb、TPOAb检测可为Graves病与亚急性甲状腺炎的诊断和鉴别诊断提供实验室依据。     

甲状腺自身抗体对131I治疗青少年Graves病后甲减的影响

研究青少年Graves病(GD)患者治疗前促甲状腺激素受体抗体(TRAb)和甲状腺过氧化物酶抗体(TPOAb)水平对131I治疗后甲状腺功能减退症(甲减)发生率的影响.131I治疗青少年GD患者 264例,治疗前依TRAb和TPOAb分为TRAb阳性、阴性组及TPOAb强阳性、阳性和阴性组;依两抗体不同阳性组合分为A[...     

131Ⅰ治疗Graves病疗效的临床因素分析

目的探讨131I治疗Graves病患者转归的直接影响因素。方法 302例Graves病患者接受131I治疗,治疗前做吸碘试验,治疗前和治疗三年后各抽血一次,检测血清T3、T4、FT3、FT4、s-TSH、TRAb、TPOAb。依据治疗三年后甲状腺功能情况分为：复发组、治愈组、甲减组,并对三组患者年龄、性别、治疗剂量、治疗前吸碘率、T3、T4、FT3、FT4、s-TSH、TRAb、TPOAb等因素进行比较。结果患者性别、治疗前吸碘率、血清T3、T4、FT3、FT4、s-TSH比较,各组之间差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）;甲减组年龄低于复发组（P〈0.05）;复发组131I治疗剂量高于治愈组（P〈0.05）;治愈组TRAb高于甲减组（P〈0.05）;治疗前血清TPOAb比较,甲减组最高,治愈组次之,复发组最低,三者之间有明显差异（P〈0.01）。结论患者年龄、131I治疗剂量、血清TRAb、TPOAb等因素与Graves病131I治疗后的转归有一定的关系。患者年龄低的容易发生甲减。少数严重的Graves病患者尽管治疗剂量大仍难治愈且易复发。治疗前TRAb低的患者容易发生甲减,TPOAb越高,越易发生甲减。     

血清TPOAb动态变化对Graves病131I治疗效果及预后的评判价值

探讨Graves病131I治疗过程中,血清TPOAb 动态变化对治疗效果及预后的评判价值.131I治疗Graves病患者152例.131I治疗总活度5.7±1.6 mCi.在治疗前和治疗后3、6、9、12、18、24、30、36个月分别测定患者血清TPOAb值.结果显示,131I治疗后血清TPOAb大多数有一过性升高,并在24～30个月前后恢复正常的患者,其治愈率较高,但甲减发生率也较高;而治疗后TPOAb持续升高或下降缓慢者,治愈率低,效果差,常需追加治疗.监测血清TPOAb动态变化,对Graves病131I治疗效果及预后的判断有积极意义.     

131I治疗对伴巨大甲状腺肿Graves病患者疗效及影响因素分析

目的探讨 131 I治疗对伴巨大甲状腺肿的Graves病患者甲状腺功能和TSH受体抗体(TRAb)的影响,并分析该治疗方法的影响因素。方法选择154例2009年1月至2015年12月在本院住院进行 131I治疗的伴巨大甲状腺肿的Graves病患者(经CT测算甲状腺体积均>100cm^3 ),检测患者治疗前后甲状腺功能及TSH受体抗体的变化,6~24个月随访。疗效按照治疗后甲状腺功能,分为治愈、甲亢部分缓解、甲减以及无效。结果 154例Graves病患者的甲状腺体积为121.08(108.43~143.43)cm^3 。治疗后甲状腺功能恢复正常91例(59.09%),甲亢部分缓解仍需服抗甲状腺药物56例( 36.36%),甲减7例(4.55%)。末次治疗6个月后FT3 、FT4 和TRAb均明显下降,其中,FT3 由治疗前的23.88( 11.49~ 45.81 )pmol/L降低为6.27(4.58~10.07)pmol/L,FT 4 由治疗前的42.08(19.99~100.00)pmol/L下降到19.31( 13.67~ 30.08 )pmol/L,TRAb由35.07(22.82~40.00)IU/L降至21.75(9.46~39.30)IU/L,( P 均<0.05),并且TSH水平上升明显,由治疗前的0.09(0.06~ 0.21 )mIU/L增至0.22(0.09~1.33)mIU/L( P <0.05)。甲功正常组治疗前甲状腺体积为 116.08 (106.95~130.04)cm^3 ,小于部分缓解组125.87(111.86~154.93)cm^3 ( P <0.05)和甲减组145.20( 128.55~ 169.31 )cm^3 ( P <0.05)。 131I治疗巨大甲状腺肿的Graves病患者的转归与患者治疗前的甲状腺体积有关(相关系数 OR = 0.21 , P < 0.05 )。结论 131I治疗可用于巨大甲状腺肿Graves病患者,治疗安全有效,治疗效果与治疗前甲状腺体积有关。     

Pain and Effusion and Quadriceps Activation and Strength

Context:

Quadriceps dysfunction is a common consequence of knee joint injury and disease, yet its causes remain elusive.

Objective:

To determine the effects of pain on quadriceps strength and activation and to learn if simultaneous pain and knee joint effusion affect the magnitude of quadriceps dysfunction.

Design:

Crossover study.

Setting:

University research laboratory.

Patients or Other Participants:

Fourteen (8 men, 6 women; age = 23.6 ± 4.8 years, height = 170.3 ± 9.16 cm, mass = 72.9 ± 11.84 kg) healthy volunteers.

Intervention(s):

All participants were tested under 4 randomized conditions: normal knee, effused knee, painful knee, and effused and painful knee.

Main Outcome Measure(s):

Quadriceps strength (Nm/kg) and activation (central activation ratio) were assessed after each condition was induced.

Results:

Quadriceps strength and activation were highest under the normal knee condition and differed from the 3 experimental knee conditions (P < .05). No differences were noted among the 3 experimental knee conditions for either variable (P > .05).

Conclusions:

Both pain and effusion led to quadriceps dysfunction, but the interaction of the 2 stimuli did not increase the magnitude of the strength or activation deficits. Therefore, pain and effusion can be considered equally potent in eliciting quadriceps inhibition. Given that pain and effusion accompany numerous knee conditions, the prevalence of quadriceps dysfunction is likely high.Key Words: arthrogenic muscle inhibition, central activation failure, voluntary activation, muscles

Key Points

• Knee pain and effusion resulted in arthrogenic muscle inhibition and weakness of the quadriceps.
• The simultaneous presence of pain and effusion did not increase the magnitude of quadriceps dysfunction.
• To reduce arthrogenic muscle inhibition and improve muscle strength, clinicians should employ interventions that target removing both pain and effusion.

Quadriceps weakness is a common consequence of traumatic knee joint injury^1,2 and chronic degenerative knee joint conditions.^3,4 Arthrogenic muscle inhibition (AMI), a neurologic decline in muscle activation, results in quadriceps weakness and hinders rehabilitation by preventing gains in strength.⁵ The inability to reverse AMI and restore muscle function can lead to decreased physical abilities,⁶ biomechanical deficits,⁷ and possibly reinjury.⁵ Furthermore, researchers^8,9 have suggested that quadriceps weakness resulting from AMI may place patients at risk for developing osteoarthritis in the knee. In light of the substantial influence of quadriceps AMI on these clinically relevant outcomes, we need to improve our understanding of the factors that contribute to this neurologic decline in muscle activity so efforts to target and reverse it can be implemented and gains in strength can be achieved more easily.Joint injury and disease are accompanied by numerous sequelae (ie, pain, swelling, tissue damage, inflammation), so ascertaining which one ultimately leads to neurologic muscle dysfunction is difficult. Whereas a joint effusion can result in AMI,^10–12 the effects of pain are less understood despite many clinicians attributing AMI to pain. Using techniques that introduce knee pain without accompanying injury may provide insights into the role of pain in eliciting AMI.The degree of knee joint damage may play a role in the quantity of AMI that manifests. Hurley et al^13,14 demonstrated that quadriceps AMI, measured using an interpolated-twitch technique, was greater in patients with extensive traumatic knee injury (eg, fractured tibial plateau, ruptured medial collateral ligament, and medial meniscectomy) than patients with isolated joint trauma (ie, isolated anterior cruciate ligament [ACL] rupture). Similarly, patients with more knee joint symptoms (ie, greater number of symptoms and increased severity of symptoms) may present with greater magnitudes of quadriceps inhibition. Recently, investigators¹⁵ have suggested that patients with more pain display less quadriceps strength, supporting this tenet. Given that effusion and pain often present simultaneously with joint injuries and diseases, such as ACL injury and osteoarthritis, examining both the isolated and cumulative effects of these sequelae appears warranted to determine if they influence the magnitude of muscle inhibition.Experimental joint-effusion and pain models are safe and effective experimental methods that allow for the isolated examination of their effects on muscle function. The effusion model, whereby sterile saline is injected directly into the knee joint capsule,⁷ produces a clinically relevant magnitude of the joint effusion that may be present with traumatic injury. Effusion is thought to activate group II afferents responding to stretch or pressure,^16–18 which in turn may facilitate group Ib interneurons and result in quadriceps AMI.⁵ The pain model involves injecting hypertonic saline into the infrapatellar fat pad to produce anteromedial knee pain similar to that described in patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome.¹⁹ Pain is considered to initiate AMI through activation of group III and IV afferents that act as nocioceptors to signal damage or potential damage to joint structures.^16–18 The firing of these afferents then may lead to facilitation of group Ib interneurons, the flexion reflex, or the gamma loop, ultimately resulting in quadriceps inhibition.²⁰ Thus, these models allow us to create symptoms that are associated with knee injury and have the added benefit of providing a way to examine their effects in isolation.Therefore, the purpose of our study was to determine the effects of pain on quadriceps strength and activation and to learn if simultaneous pain and knee joint effusion would affect the magnitude of quadriceps dysfunction. We hypothesized that pain alone would result in quadriceps inhibition and that the magnitude of inhibition would be greater when effusion and pain were present simultaneously.     

即早基因c-fos与脑血管病及学习记忆

即早基因c-fos是广泛存在于原核细胞和真核细胞的高度保守基因.在正常情况下,c-fos基因参与细胞生长、分化、信息传递、学习和记忆等生理过程,而在病理情况下c-fos基因表达及调控变化与多种疾病的发生和发展有关.C-fos在中枢神经系统的某些部位可有基础水平的表达,但表达很低,当受到如脑缺血、脑出血、痫性发作、应激等刺激后,其在数十分钟内做出反应,在对外界刺激-转录耦联的信忠传递过程中起着核内第三信使的重要作用.     

Opportunities and challenges in the prevention and control of cancer and other chronic diseases: children's diet and nutrition and weight and physical activity

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this article is to review the role of behavioral research in disease prevention and control, with a particular emphasis on lifestyle- and behavior-related cancer and chronic disease risk factors--specifically, relationships among diet and nutrition and weight and physical activity with adult cancer, and tracking developmental origins of these health-promoting and health-compromising behaviors from childhood into adulthood. METHOD: After reviewing the background of the field of cancer prevention and control and establishing plausibility for the role of child health behavior in adult cancer risk, studies selected from the pediatric published literature are reviewed. Articles were retrieved, selected, and summarized to illustrate that results from separate but related fields of study are combinable to yield insights into the prevention and control of cancer and other chronic diseases in adulthood through the conduct of nonintervention and intervention research with children in clinical, public health, and other contexts. RESULTS: As illustrated by the evidence presented in this review, there are numerous reasons (biological, psychological, and social), opportunities (school and community, health care, and family settings), and approaches (nonintervention and intervention) to understand and impact behavior change in children's diet and nutrition and weight and physical activity. CONCLUSIONS: Further development and evaluation of behavioral science intervention protocols conducted with children are necessary to understand the efficacy of these approaches and their public health impact on proximal and distal cancer, cancer-related, and chronic disease outcomes before diffusion. It is clear that more attention should be paid to early life and early developmental phases in cancer prevention.