特发性血小板减少性紫癜合并妊娠的临床分析

目的 探讨特发性血小板减少紫癜（ITP）合并妊娠的围产期处理方法。方法 回顾性分析我院1990－1999年间37例ITP合并妊娠的临床处理经验。结果 37例ITP孕妇中阴道分娩16例,剖宫产21例。与ITP有关的围产期并发症有产后出血及产褥感染,发生率分别为8．1％和2．7％。无孕产妇死亡。3例新生儿出现血小板减低,发生率为8．1％。无颅内出血发生。结论 ITP合并妊娠时,如不无科合并症,产妇以阴道分娩为宜;血小板水平极低的情况下,也可在血源充足时行选择性剖宫产;不主张使用干预性措施预防新生儿被动免疫性血小板减少症。     

妊娠合并特发性血小板减少性紫癜1例报告

患者，29岁，因停经38周，鼻出血，牙龈出血，皮肤紫癜20余天于2000年7月16日入院。入院时主述头昏、乏力、食欲差、身体磕碰处容易出现紫癜。入院查体：T37．0℃，P120次／分，R20次／分，BP120／76mmHg。轻度贫血貌，口腔粘膜及牙龈出血，全身皮肤散在瘀点、瘀斑，双下肢浮肿( )。产科检查：宫底32cm，腹围100cm，胎位IDA，胎心146次／分，有不规律宫缩。     

妊娠合并特发性血小板减少性紫癜的诊治

近十年，对妊娠合并特发性血小板减少性紫癜(ITP)的认识有较深入的进展。新生儿出现中—重度血小板减少以及出血性并发症的几率并不高，但目前试图从众多病例中识别出少数将发生严重ITP的胎儿的无创和有创操作均不可靠，仍是期待解决的关键问题。剖宫产并不减少新生儿颅内出血的危险，建议只用于有产科指征的患者。     

妊娠合并特发性血小板减少性紫癜处理的进展

妊娠合并特发性血小板减少性癜（ＩＴＰ）并不少见,该病主要通过排除其它原因作出诊断。ＩＴＰ 孕妇治疗的重点是预防由于重度血小板减少所致的出血并发症,首先药物为糖皮质激素,其次是静脉注射免疫球蛋白,孕期尽量避免行脾切除术,输血小板只能作作临时性应急措施。新生儿血小板减少的发生率〈２５％,出血者〈１０％,颅内出血〈１％。目前尚无十分理想的方法预测新生儿血小板减少。ＩＴＰ产妇的分娩方式尚有争议：①ＩＴＰ不     

妊娠合并特发性血小板减少性紫癜对母胎的影响及诊治

特发性血小板减少性紫癜（ITP）病因复杂,起病缓慢,因为临床表现与其他导致血小板减少的疾病类似,鉴别诊断困难,围产期处理较为棘手,如处理不当,可危及母胎生命。近年来,虽然对ITP的研究有了很大的进展,多个国家都制定了相应的指南及共识,但对于妊娠合并ITP的理想诊治策略仍存在一定争议。文章结合近年的文献着重介绍妊娠合并ITP的临床表现、对母胎的影响及其诊断、鉴别诊断和治疗进展。     

妊娠合并特发性血小板减少性紫癜40例临床分析

目的 探讨妊娠合并特发性血小板减少性紫瘢(idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura，ITP)的诊断、处理及新生儿被动免疫性血小板减少症(neonatal passive immune thrombocytopenia，PIT)发生的相关因素。方法 回顾性分析我院1992年1月～2001年8月住院分娩的妊娠合并ITP孕妇及新生儿的临床资料。结果 妊娠合并ITP40例，发生率为3．4‰。其中妊娠合并妊高征7例，产后出血6例，早产5例，妊娠期糖尿病3例，胎儿生长受限3例。孕产妇死亡1例。阴道分娩13例，剖宫产27例。新生儿PIT9例，占28．1％，其中3例为重度PIT，新生儿颅内出血1例，围产儿死亡2例。新生儿PIT的发生与母体血小板计数、母体治疗情况及PAIgG水平无明显相关性。结论 妊娠合并ITP母儿预后较好，新生儿重度PIT发生率较低，颅内出血较少见。新生儿PIT的发生与母体治疗、母体血小板计数及PAIgG水平无明显相关性。     

妊娠合并特发性血小板减少性紫癜56例临床分析

<正>妊娠合并特发性血小板减少性紫癜(idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura,ITP)是一种常见的自身免疫性血小板减少性疾病。因免疫性血小板破坏过多导致外周血血小板减少,是产科常见的血液系统合并症。血小板严重减少可致内脏出血、产后出血,甚至危及母体、胎儿生命。故妊娠合并ITP     

妊娠合并特发性血小板减少性紫癜的诊断及治疗

特发性血小板减少性紫癜（idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura,ITP）是一种常见的以外周血小板数目持续减少为特征的自身免疫性疾病。女性更容易发病,在成人中好发于40岁以下育龄妇女,     

Predictors of idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura in pregnant women presenting with thrombocytopenia.

OBJECTIVE: Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) and gestational thrombocytopenia (GT) are common causes of thrombocytopenia during pregnancy. Despite an ever-increasing experience with these disorders, differentiation between the two entities still remains a diagnostic challenge. The current study attempted to identify the antenatal predictors of ITP for pregnant women. METHODS: Between January 1999 and June 2005, a total of 58 pregnant women with a presumptive diagnosis of either ITP or GT were recruited for the study. All of them had platelet counts of less than 100 x 10(9)/L. The predictors of ITP were evaluated by comparison between the two disorders. RESULTS: The detection of thrombocytopenia prior to 28 weeks of gestation and platelet counts <50 x 10(9)/L at its diagnosis remained independently predictive of ITP (P<0.001 and P=0.004, respectively). The combined analysis of these two factors provided a 96.0% sensitivity and a specificity of 75.8%. CONCLUSION: The onset time of thrombocytopenia and platelet count at its presentation remain the strongest predictors of ITP for pregnant women. The combination model using these factors may be useful for the early prediction of ITP.     

Perinatal outcomes and complications of pregnancy in women with immune thrombocytopenic purpura

Objective.?To investigate pregnancy and perinatal outcomes in women with immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP).

Methods. A retrospective study comparing all singleton pregnancies of women with and without ITP was conducted. Deliveries occurred between the years 1988 and 2007. Multiple logistic regression models were performed to control for confounders.

Results.?During the study period, 186,602 deliveries were recorded, out of which 104 (0.06%) occurred in patients with ITP. In a multivariable analysis, we found the following conditions to be significantly and independently associated with ITP: hypertensive disorders, diabetes mellitus, and preterm delivery (<34 weeks gestation). Patients with ITP had significantly higher rates of preterm delivery (<34 weeks gestation; 6.7%vs. 2.2%; p < 0.001) and perinatal mortality (4.8%vs. 1.3%; p = 0.011) when compared with patients without ITP. Two multivariable logistic regression models were constructed with perinatal mortality and preterm delivery (<34 weeks gestation) as the outcome variables to control for possible confounders such as congenital malformations, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and maternal age. In these models, ITP was found to be an independent risk factor for perinatal mortality (OR = 3.77; 95% CI 1.32–10.78, p = 0.013), as well as for preterm delivery before 34 weeks gestation (OR = 3.01; 95% CI 1.39–6.52, p = 0.005).

Conclusion.?ITP is significantly and independently associated with preterm delivery before 34 weeks gestation and with perinatal mortality.     

IL-10及TGF-β1在妊娠期免疫性血小板减少性紫癜及妊娠期血小板减少症发病中的初步研究

目的探讨IL-10以及TGF-β1在妊娠期免疫性血小板减少性紫癜（ITP）及妊娠期血小板减少症（GT）发病中的作用。方法研究组选取2011年7月至2012年3月于北京大学人民医院产科住院择期剖宫产分娩的妊娠期免疫性血小板减少性紫癜（ITP）患者9例以及妊娠期血小板减少症（GT）患者11例,对照组取同期在北京大学人民医院择期剖宫产分娩的健康孕妇16例。采用ELISA方法分别检测三组母血、脐血中IL-10、TGF-β1的浓度,对比妊娠期ITP组、GT组母血及脐血中IL-10、TGF-β1的浓度,并对母血、脐血中IL-10、TGF-β1的浓度与母血血小板、新生儿血小板计数进行相关性分析。结果妊娠期ITP组、GT组母血中IL-10、TGF-β1浓度与对照组母血对比差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）,三组脐血中IL-10浓度差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）,妊娠期ITP组脐血中TGF-β1浓度与GT组及对照组脐血对比差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）,GT组脐血TGF-β1浓度较对照组升高。在妊娠期ITP组及GT组中,母血、脐血中IL-10、TGF-β1浓度与母体及新生儿血小板水平无明显相关性。结论 IL-10、TGF-β1在妊娠期ITP及GT发病中的作用可能与非妊娠期ITP不同,IL-10、TGF-β1在母血及脐血中的浓度与血小板水平无相关性。     

儿童特发性血小板减少性紫癜急性转慢性危险因素分析

目的　探讨影响小儿急性特发性血小板减少性紫癜（AITP） 发展成慢性特发性血小板减少性紫癜（CITP） 的危险因素。方法　选择2006年5月至2010年4月于广西医科大学一附院诊断AITP住院患儿138 例,对患儿临床表现、实验室检查、治疗方案等16个相关因素分别进行单因素成组对照研究。对有意义的单因素,再运用非条件Logistic 多因素回归模型分析,以期找到有意义的因素。结果　病程（患儿起病至治疗时间）、O Rh（D）+型血、用含有大剂量丙种球蛋白的治疗方案、血小板上升正常时间都是影响AITP患儿转为慢性的主要因素,而与发病年龄、治疗初用血小板、血小板开始回升时间、性别、有无前驱显性感染、治疗前血小板数、血小板平均体积、血小板平均分布系数、骨髓巨核细胞数、幼稚巨核细胞数、颗粒型巨核细胞数、有无幼稚淋巴细胞数无关。结论　AITP患儿早期治疗时用有大剂量丙种球蛋白的治疗方案是改善预后的关键,治疗时血小板回升正常时间晚、O Rh（D）+ 血型 （相对于A和B血型）是转为慢性的高危因素。     

妊娠期贫血及其规范管理

贫血是妊娠期常见的内科合并症,影响着全球5600万的妊娠期妇女的健康,其中2/3来自亚洲,是围生期预防保健的重要内容。妊娠期血容量的增加与血浆及红细胞的增加不成比例是贫血多发的重要原因。其中,营养性贫血尤其是缺铁性贫血最为常见,目前最主要的防治方法是口服铁剂和注射铁剂补铁。同时,由于遗传缺陷引起的地中海贫血严重威胁着母儿的健康,故其预防、早期识别和相应的治疗措施对母儿的安全具有重要意义。     

Clinical features and outcome of pregnancy with SLE-associated thrombocytopenia

Objective: To analyze the course of maternal diseases and compare pregnancy outcomes in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)-associated thrombocytopenia to patients without.

Methods: Medical charts of 77 pregnancies in 73 SLE patients were systematically reviewed. Patients were divided into two groups according to the presence or absence of thrombocytopenia. Patients who are new onset SLE during pregnancy were also been studied.

Result: Thrombocytopenia was found in 18 (23.3%) of the pregnancies. SLE patients with thrombocytopenia during pregnancy had higher percentage of disease flaring (11/18 versus 14/59, p?=?0.003) and SLE-Pregnancy Disease Activity Index (7.89?±?6.192 versus 2.41?±?3.3.89, p?=?0.001) compared to patients without. Also, patients with thrombocytopenia had a higher percentage of pulmonary, cardiac and multiple organ system involvement. There was a statistically significant difference in preeclampsia and early onset hypertensive disorder induced before 34 weeks as well as the rate of live birth less than 34 weeks (33.3% versus 6.8%, p?=?0.003 & 38.9% versus 13.6%, p?=?0.018 & 16.7% versus 1.7%, p?=?0.038). Patients with thrombocytopenia suffered from higher rate of pregnancy loss (22.2% versus 3.4%, p?=?0.024) and neonatal death (33.3% versus 1.7%, p?=?0.000). In our study there were 17 patients with new-onset of SLE during pregnancy. The hematological system manifestation occurred in all of them and there was a significant increase in the incidence of thrombocytopenia (n?=?12, 70.6%).

Conclusion: Thrombocytopenia in SLE during pregnancy indicates higher disease activity, severe organ damage, early onset preeclampsia and higher pregnancy loss.     

妊娠合并重度特发性血小板减少性紫癜的诊治

妊娠合并特发性血小板减少性紫癜(idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura,ITP)是孕妇妊娠期间常见的血液系统疾病,临床表现以出血为主,贫血及感染风险轻度增加,ITP在整体上并不影响母儿结局,但会使出血的风险增加。本文重点就妊娠合并重度ITP的诊治、对母儿影响及孕期管理进行讨论。     

妊娠合并自身免疫性疾病临床监察与处理

随着免疫学的进展,妊娠合并自身免疫性疾病(autoimmune disease,AID)越来越多地被发现。妊娠与AID之间的相互影响,往往与不良妊娠结局相联系。因此,如何在孕前识别高危人群或潜在发病者、如何在孕期发现患病者,以及如何对已确诊AID患者进行恰当的病情评估及管理,减少AID对母胎的影响,是产科及多学科共同关注和管理的重要问题。