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??Objective??To observe the clinical characteristics and prognosis of children with IgE-related food allergy??Methods??The study was enrolled 174 children with food allergy in Beijing Children Hospital between March 2012 and November 2013. All patients were given treatment of avoid allergic food and filled out the standard questionnaire and followed up . Results??The sIgE positive rates of milk and eggs were higher than other food??were 66.1% and 27.6%. Mildly sensitive to milk was 65.5%??moderately sensitive to chicken protein was 5.2%. Main clinical manifestations of children with food allergy were vary in different age groups . In the infant group, diarrhea was the main manifestation??51.3%????and in the toddler group??vomiting was the main manifestation??37.5%??. In the school age and adolescence group??abdominal pain was the main manifestation??43.5%??. The severity of diarrhea are not connected with the types and concentration of allergens IgE. The results of follow-up analysis showed that patients of milk sIgE 2 level??7.54±5.1?? months need more longer time to acquire tolerance than sIgE 1 level??3.50±3.53?? months. Conclusion??Milk and eggs are the main allergens. The gastrointestinal symptoms of children with IgE-related food allergy were different with age. Children with high concentration of milk specific IgE is not easy to acquire food tolerance. The concentration of milk specific IgE had certain predictive value for the patient’s tolerance.     

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目的评估缺氧新生儿肺动脉高压(PAH)的发生及其对左室形态及功能的影响,探讨缺氧性PAH新生儿血浆脑利钠肽(BNP)水平与左室舒张功能的关系。方法选择2003年11月至2008年11月解放军总医院和北京军区总医院附属八一儿童医院新生儿重症监护室(NICU)收治的缺氧新生儿52例,根据彩色多普勒超声检查是否存在PAH分为PAH组(34例)与对照组(18例),比较2组患儿彩色多普勒超声心动图资料及其与左室舒张功能、血浆BNP水平的关系。结果(1)与对照组相比,PAH组左室舒张末内径(LVDd)、右室内径(RV)、肺动脉内径(PA)明显增大(P<0.05);三尖瓣反流峰值(VTR)流速增快及肺动脉收缩压(PASP)升高(P<0.05),室间隔增厚不明显(P>0.05)。(2)PAH组二尖瓣口血流多普勒频谱A峰流速(AV)、舒张早期充盈时间速度积分(AVTI)及A峰流速与E峰流速比值(AV/EV)、左房充盈分数(AVTI/EVTI)均较对照组显著增加(P<0.01);PAH组的左室等容舒张时间(LIVRT)延长,但与对照组相比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),EV、舒张末期充盈时间速度积分(EVTI)及E峰减速时间(...     

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??Objective??To explore the preventive effect of regular doses of captopril on the pulmonary arterial hypertension associated with ventricular septal defect??VSD?? and its mechanism. Methods??Forty cases of children with VSD in accordance with the inclusive criteria??who were hospitalized in Chengdu Women and Children’s Central Hospital from July 2013 to July 2015 ??were collected and randomly divided into blank control group??n??20??and captopril intervention group??n??20??. Plasma MMP-9 and TIMP-1 were examined by using ELISA??and PASP??the Qp/Qs and right ventricular Tei index were measured by cardiac color Doppler ultrasound at 0 week??1 week??4 weeks??8 weeks??and 12 weeks respectively??side effects in captopril intervention group were also observed. Results??PASP??the Qp/Qs??right ventricular Tei index??plasma MMP-9 and TIMP-1 level in blank control group were increased over time??the same indexes in captopril intervention group were decreased??the changing trend of two groups had statistically significant difference??all P??0.05??. The indexes were of no difference between the two groups at 0 week??all P??0.05????PASP and right ventricular Tei index in captopril intervention group were lower than blank control group at 1 week??4 weeks??8 weeks??and 12 weeks??all P??0.05????the Qp/Qs plasma??MMP - 9 and TIMP - 1 level in captopril intervention group were lower at 4 weeks??8 weeks??and 12 weeks??all P??0.05??. No side effects were found in captopril intervention group during follow-up. Conclusion??Oral regular doses of captopril in the VSD children undergoing elective surgery may reduce pulmonary vascular remodeling and prevent pulmonary hypertension in order to achieve the best age at surgery??one of the mechanisms might be improving indexes of PASP??right ventricular Tei index and the Qp/Qs by reducing the plasma MMP 9 and TIMP - 1 level.     

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??Abstract??Objective To study the methylphenidate hydrochloride controlled-release tablets??OROS-MPH??dose titration treatment for children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder??ADHD??combining conduct disorder??CD??to achieve the best clinical efficacy. Methods According to the DSM-IV diagnostic criteria of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder??ADHD??combining conduct disorder??CD????120 cases of children were randomly divided into the original dose group and dose titration group.Two groups of children accepted the 24-week treatment of OROS-MPH??in which the original dose group were chosen to 18 mg/day?? dose titration group increased to 36 mg/day or 54 mg/day??respectively??in the fifth week and thirteenth week??and after the course of treatment??the following assessments were performed??SNAP-IV scale??Child Behavior Checklist??CBCL??and Treatment Emergent Symptom Scale??TESS??.Results ??1??The best response rate in the dose titration group was significantly higher than original dose group ??P??0.05??.??2??The SNAP-IV hyperactivity / impulsivity?? inattention and confrontation behavior items showed a significant difference between dose titration group and original dose group??P??0.05??.??3??In the CBCL behavior scales??dose titration group and the original dose group showed significant difference in the presence of adverse exchanges??forcedness??hyperactivity??aggression and discipline of the five dimensions??P??0.05??.??4??The incidence of side effects in both groups of children had no significant difference??P??0.05??.Conclusion With different doses of OROS-MPH for the treatment of children with ADHD and CD??effects differ more obviously-the higher dose??36 mg/day-54 mg/day??for the improvement of symptoms is better than lower dose??18 mg/day??.     

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目的 探讨雾化吸入伊洛前列素进行急性血管扩张试验的价值.方法 研究对象为2007年2月至2008年5月在广东省心血管病研究所住院的50例先天性心脏病合并肺动脉高压患儿,对所有患儿进行左右心导管检查,之后肺动脉内注射酚妥拉明或雾化吸入伊洛前列素进行急性血管扩张试验,试验后重复左右心导管检查.根据Fick公式计算血流动力学参数.综合判断肺动脉高压性质,将惠几分成两组:动力组和梗阻组.动力组患儿进行手术治疗,术后定期随访并修正术前诊断.结果 酚妥拉明会显著增高受试者的心率,而伊洛前列素对心率的影响较轻微;酚妥拉明和伊洛前列素都能够降低平均肺动脉压力和肺血管阻力,升高肺循环血流量;酚妥拉明同时会降低平均主动脉压力和体循环阻力,升高体循环血流量,而伊洛前列素对体循环没有明显的影响.在使用伊洛前列素的急性血管扩张试验中,平均肺动脉压力、肺血管阻力/体循环阻力和肺循环血流量/体循环血流量等参数的变化在动力组和梗阻组中差异无统计学意义(P值分别为0.016、0.024和0.030).而使用酚妥拉明的急性血管扩张试验中,平均肺动脉压力和肺血管阻力两项参数的变化在动力组和梗阻组中差异有统计学意义(P值分别为0.017和0.004).结论 在先天性心脏病合并肺动脉高压的患儿中,使用酚妥拉明或伊洛前列素进行急性血管扩张试验都能够有效区分动力性与梗阻性肺动脉高压.酚妥拉明用药前后,肺循环和体循环的压力、阻力和血流量都有明显变化.而伊洛前列素雾化吸入以影响肺循环为主,可以保持相对平稳的血流动力学,在安全性上优于酚妥拉明.     

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目的 探讨右室Tei指数(RV-Tei)在评价缺氧性肺动脉高压(HPH)新生儿右室功能中的作用.方法 对2006年6月至2008年1月在新疆医科大学第一附属医院新生儿病房住院的75例HPH新生儿(HPH组,其中轻度29例、中度21例、重度25例)及22名对照组新生儿,于生后3 d以超声心动图测定肺动脉收缩压(PASP)、右室射血分数(RVEF)、三尖瓣口舒张早期峰值(E峰)、舒张晚期峰值(A峰),计算E/A值,并从血流频谱测得右室RV-Tei.结果 (1)轻、中度HPH组RVEF、E/A值与对照组比较,差异无统计学意义.重度HPH组RVEF、E/A值较对照组减小(P<0.01).(2)HPH轻、中、重3组RV-Tei均较对照组升高(P<0.01).3组间RV-Tei差异亦有统计学意义(P<0.05).(3)HPH组RV-Tei与PASP呈正相关(r=0.75,P<0.05),与胎龄、体重、心率无相关.结论 肺动脉高压引起新生儿右室功能减低,RV-Tei是评价HPH新生儿右室功能早期变化的简便而敏感的多普勒超声新指标.     

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??Abstract??Objective To investigate the correlation among plasma N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide ??NT-proBNP?? and right ventricular Tei ??RVTei?? and right ventricular fractional area change ??RVFAC?? in children with pulmonary hypertension. Methods From January 2007 to November 2012??echocardiography and serological examination data of 38 patients from Samsung Seoul Hospital in Korea were retrospectively analyzed. Patients were divided into two groups ??16 cases with 30??PASP??70mmHg ??mild to moderate?? and 22 cases with PASP≥70mmHg ??severe??. Results ??1??RVFAC?? PASP and plasma concentration of NT-proBNP had a statistically significant difference??P??0.05?? between mild to moderate PAH group and severe PAH group . RVTei index had no difference between the two groups??P??0.05??. ??2??Correlation analysis??the plasma concentration of NT-proBNP had a positive correlation ??r = 0.544??P??0.05??with PASP??a negative correlation??r = -0.767??P??0.05??with RVFAC??RVFAC had a negative correlation??r = -0.711??-0.767??P??0.05?? with PASP and the plasma concentrations of NT-proBNP?? the RVTei had no correlation with the plasma concentration of NT-proBNP?? PASP or RVFAC??r = -0.041??-0.048??0.016??P??0.05??. Conclusion Whether there are correlations between the plasma concentration of NT-proBNP and RVFAC depends on the degree of PAH. This suggests that the plasma concentration of NT-proBNP and RVFAC can be used as evaluation of right ventricular function in children with pulmonary hypertension.     

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功能性构音障碍(functional articulation disorder,FAD)是最常见的语言障碍[1],患儿常因语音不清造成人际交往困难和一系列情绪及行为问题。目前国内有关FAD的研究较少,对FAD儿童感觉统合能力的研究尚未见报道。为探讨FAD儿童的感觉统合能力发展水平及其在FAD发生中的作用,我们对FAD患儿和正常儿童进行了感觉统合能力的对照研究,现将结果报告如下。1对象和方法1.1对象病例组:以2005-01—2006-06来我院发育儿科就诊的以吐字不清为主诉的6~12岁儿童为研究对象,符合FAD诊断标准者共38例,其中男35例,女3例。FAD的诊断依据日本听力言…     

纤维支气管镜术在儿童肺炎支原体肺炎诊治中的应用

目的探讨纤维支气管镜术(纤支镜)在儿童肺炎支原体肺炎(MPP)中的应用价值。方法回顾性分析204例行纤支镜术的MPP患儿的临床资料。结果 204例患儿中共进行了286例次纤支镜术。血清MP-IgM抗体阳性患儿121例(59.3%)支气管肺泡灌洗液(BALF)中FQ-MP-DNA阳性,BALF细菌培养阳性菌株25株(12.3%)。纤支镜镜下所见病变部位黏膜充血水肿,支气管开口痰堵54例(26.5%),形成痰栓29例(14.2%),炎性狭窄21例(10.3%),小结节样突起13例(6.4%);20例支气管黏膜组织电镜检查纤毛超微结构均有不同程度的纤毛柱状上皮损害。全部病例均进行肺泡灌洗治疗,合并肺不张的109例患儿经1～4次灌洗治疗,1个月后复查106例(97.2%)完全或部分复张。结论对于难治性MPP、合并肺不张者,早期应用纤支镜进行支气管肺泡灌洗治疗,能促进肺复张,改善预后,减少后遗症的发生。     

纤维支气管镜对儿童难治性肺炎支原体肺炎的诊断治疗价值

肺炎支原体是儿童社区获得性肺炎主要病原体之一, 近年来, 难治性肺炎支原体肺炎发病率越来越高,儿童用药较为有限。纤维支气管镜在儿童难治性肺炎支气管肺炎的诊断及治疗方面有重要作用。该文从支气管镜下气管内膜病变、 灌洗液病原分析、 细胞因子分析、 支气管肺泡灌洗术、 气道清理及局部注药治疗等方面来阐述纤维支气管镜对儿童难治性肺炎支原体肺炎的诊断及治疗价值。     

难治性肺炎支原体肺炎患儿支气管肺泡灌洗液中肺炎支原体耐药基因检测分析

目的 分析难治性肺炎支原体肺炎(refractory Mycoplasmapneumoniaepneumonia,RMPP)患儿支气管肺泡灌洗液(bronchoalveolar lavage fluid,BALF)中肺炎支原体(Mycoplasmapneumoniae,MP)耐药性及耐药基因分布,并阐明23SrRNAⅤ...     

难治性肺炎支原体肺炎患儿支气管肺泡灌洗液中IL-4及INF-γ水平的研究

目的：检测难治性肺炎支原体肺炎（RMPP）患儿支气管肺泡灌洗液（BALF）中IL-4、INF-γ水平,探讨RMPP患儿病变局部Th1、Th2型细胞因子水平的变化及其意义。方法：选择RMPP患儿（42例）为研究对象。根据是否有湿疹、过敏性鼻炎、荨麻疹及相关过敏性疾病家族史等将42例RMPP患儿分为特应性组（11例）和非特应性组（31例）。以同期因支气管异物住院、异物取出4周后纤维支气管镜复查的患儿为对照组（12例）。对RMPP患儿及对照患儿BALF中细胞学成分进行分析,并采用ELISA方法检测BALF中IL-4、INF-γ水平。结果：与对照组比较,RMPP组患儿BALF中细胞总数上升（P0.05）。结论：RMPP患儿BALF细胞数显著增加,尤以中性粒细胞为甚。RMPP患儿BALF中INF-γ、IL-4水平明显升高,但INF-γ/IL-4比值无变化,提示RMPP患儿病变局部炎症反应明显,但尚不能证实RMPP患儿存在Th2占主导的炎症反应。     

支气管肺泡灌洗液荧光定量PCR对儿童肺炎支原体肺炎诊断研究

目的探讨荧光实时定量PCR(FQ-PCR)检测肺泡灌洗液(BALF)中MP-DNA基因在肺炎支原体肺炎(MPP)早期病原诊断中的价值。方法采用FQ-PCR检测61例患儿BALF中MP-DNA,并与目前常用血清MP抗体检测方法颗粒凝集法进行比较。结果 FQ-PCR检测MP-DNA敏感度94%,特异度100%;病程早期及难治性病例中FQ-PCR检测BALF中MP-DNA准确性优于单份血清MP抗体检测(P<0.01)。难治性病例中MP-DNA拷贝数显著高于普通MPP组(P<0.05),且与CRP呈正相关(r=0.845,P<0.01)。结论 FQ-PCR检测BALF中MP-DNA是早期MPP特别是难治性MPP病原诊断的可靠方法,优于血清MP抗体检测。MP-DNA的拷贝量可以作为评价难治性MPP的转归以及判断药物疗效的指标。     

呼吸道吸出物MP-DNA检测对儿童肺炎支原体肺炎诊断的临床意义

目的 探讨鼻咽抽吸物(NPA)和肺泡灌洗液(BALF)中肺炎支原体(MP)-DNA 检测对儿童MP 肺炎(MPP)诊断的意义。方法 收集164 例MPP 患儿入院24 h 内的NPA 及BALF,荧光定量PCR 法检测MP-DNA;同时在入院24 h 内及治疗7~10 d 病情好转时采集所有患儿静脉血,ELISA 法检测血清特异性MPIgM。结果 164例患儿NPA的MP-DNA阳性检出率为51.8%,低于双份血清MP-IgM阳性检出率(63.4%)(P=0.044),两者检出一致性中等(Kappa=0.618,PP>0.05),两者检出一致性好(Kappa=0.793,PPKappa=0.529,PPPP结论 BALF 中MP-DNA 检出敏感性高,对临床早期诊断MPP具有重要意义;而NPA MP-DNA 检测可能会引起漏诊。     

儿童肺炎支原体肺炎治疗的研究进展

肺炎支原体(Mycoplasmal pneumonia,MP)感染可引起包括上呼吸道感染、气管支气管炎、肺炎等临床疾病.学龄期前后的儿童肺炎支原体感染多见为肺炎支原体肺炎(Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia,MPP).因此,有效治疗肺炎支原体肺炎,包括由肺炎支原体感染引起的肺炎支原体血症及重症、难治性肺炎支原体肺炎对儿童健康的恢复具有重要意义.MPP的治疗宜采用综合治疗措施,包括合理、联合、足量、足疗程使用抗肺炎支原体的有效抗生素.同时,根据患儿不同的病情进展情况采取相应的特异性及非特异性免疫治疗等达到理想的治疗目的.     

难治性肺炎支原体肺炎患儿肺泡灌洗液中sB7-H3及细胞因子表达

目的探讨难治性肺炎支原体肺炎(RMPP)患儿肺泡灌洗液(BALF)中sB 7-H3的表达水平,及其与各细胞因子的关系及临床意义。方法收集43例急性RMPP患儿纤维支气管镜检查时的BALF,其中13例仅在急性期灌洗1次(单次灌洗组),30例急性期后再次灌洗(再次灌洗组);以同期15例支气管异物患儿为对照组。采用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)检测BALF中sB 7-H 3、IL-1β、IL-2、IL-36表达水平,并比较各组间的差异,以及RMPP患儿急性期BALF中sB 7-H3水平与IL-1β、IL-2、IL-36的相关性。结果再次灌洗组首次灌洗时BALF中sB 7-H3、IL-1β、IL-36水平显著高于单次灌洗组和对照组,单次灌洗组也均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P均0.05);再次灌洗组在第二次灌洗时BALF中sB 7-H3、IL-1β、IL-2、IL-36水平较首次灌洗时显著降低(P均0.05);再次灌洗组第二次灌洗时BALF中IL-1β、IL-36与对照组差异无统计学意义(P均0.05),sB 7-H3、IL-2水平仍高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P均0.05)。RMPP急性期BALF中sB 7-H 3水平与IL-1β、IL-2、IL-36水平呈正相关(P均0.001)。结论 sB 7-H3可能通过调控IL-1β、IL-2、IL-36等炎症因子的分泌,参与RMPP的发生及发展。