河豚毒素停搏液对大鼠离体缺血再灌注损伤心肌功能及其桥粒蛋白表达的影响

目的:观察Na 通道阻滞剂河豚毒素(tetrodotoxin,TTX)停搏液对离体大鼠缺血再灌注损伤心肌桥粒蛋白(desmoplakin)表达及心功能的影响,探讨其对缺血再灌注损伤心肌的可能保护机制.方法:20只Wistar大鼠随机分为St.Thomas-2停搏液灌注组(STH-2组,n=10)和TTX停搏液灌注组(TTX组,n=10),分别应用相应的停搏液停搏,建立大鼠离体心脏Langendorff-Neely灌注模型;待搏动稳定,灌注30 min后停搏60 min,再灌注60 min,观察各组心脏停搏前后的心率(HR)、冠状动脉流量(CAF)、左心室收缩末期压力(LVESP)和压力变化速率(±dp/dt)的恢复率,采用免疫组化和Western印迹法检测心肌桥粒蛋白的分布及量的变化.结果:恢复灌注后,与TTX组比较,STH-2组心肌桥粒蛋白分布紊乱,表达明显减少(P<0.01),心功能指标(HR、CAF、LVESP和±dp/dt)的恢复率也明显降低(P<0.01或P<0.05).结论:河豚毒素停搏液有利于缺血再灌注损伤心肌功能的恢复,效果优于经典的STH-2停搏液,其保护作用可能与其保护心肌桥粒蛋白表达有关.     

褪黑素对心肌缺血再灌注损伤保护作用的实验研究

为探讨褪黑素增补于停搏液中对缺血再灌注离体鼠心的影响,将24只Wistar大鼠随机分为褪黑素组和对照组.离体鼠心在改良的Langendorff-Neely灌注模型上30 min预灌注,120 min停搏、30 min再灌注.缺血前及再灌注期间测定血流动力学指标、心肌酶(CPK,LDH),再灌注30 min测心肌超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化脂质(LPO)含量.电镜观察心肌超微结构.再灌注后发现,褪黑素组心功能、心肌超微结构的改善明显优于对照组;心肌酶(CPK,LDH)和LPO含量显著低于对照组(P＜0.01);SOD含量显著高于对照组(P＜0.01).结果表明褪黑素增补于停搏液中可显著减轻心肌缺血再灌注损伤,具有良好的心肌保护作用.     

脂质体携载前列腺素E1含血停搏液对未成熟心肌的保护效果

目的：探讨脂质体携载前列腺素E1(Lipo-PGEl)加入Thcmas Ⅱ停搏液对未成熟心肌的保护效果。方法：2～3周龄新西兰大白兔20只,随机分为2组,每组10只。建立Langendoff离体心脏灌注模型。对照组：TlxxnasⅡ号停搏液灌注加低温;实验组：Lipo-PGE1加入ThomasⅡ号停搏液灌注并行低温。全心平均停循环90min,再灌注30min。观察指标：冠脉流量恢复率(CFR)、心肌丙二醛(MDA)／超氧化物岐化酶(SOD)含量、心肌三磷酸腺苷ATP含量、心肌含水量、心肌磷酸肌酸激酶(CK)漏出量和乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)漏出量。结果：再灌注末实验组心肌MDA含量低于对照组,而SOD含量高于对照组;实验组CFR和再灌注末心肌ATP含量高于对照组;实验组心肌含水量、CK和LDH漏出量低于对照组。结论：Lipo-PGE1加入含血ThcmasⅡ号停搏液可改善对未成熟心肌的保护效果。     

冷血浆停搏液对离体幼兔心脏冠脉流出液CPK、LDH、ATP影响的研究

目的：观察冷血浆停搏液对离体幼兔心脏冠脉流出液肌酸磷酸激酶（CPK）、乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）、三磷酸腺苷（ATP）的影响。方法：选择新西兰幼兔28只，离体心脏复跳后灌注不同的停搏液。对照组灌注托马斯（Thomas）停搏液，实验组灌注冷血浆停搏液（血浆与Thomas停搏液按4：1比例配制）。停跳30min重新复跳后，测定冠脉流出液LDH、CPK及ATP含量。结果：实验组冠脉流出液LDH、CPK及ATP含量均明显低于对照组。结论：冷血浆停搏液可使未成熟心肌的心肌酶和ATP漏出减少。对未成熟心肌可能有保护作用。     

温氧合血停搏液诱导停搏及复苏再灌注对心肌保护作用的实验研究

本文研究 3种不同灌注方法对心肌的保护作用。犬 2 1只 ,随机分为 3组 (每组 7只 )。A组及B组分别用冷晶体、冷氧合血停搏液间灌 ,C组在B组基础上用温氧合血停搏液诱导停搏及复苏再灌注 ,体外循环下心肌缺血 90min再灌注 3 0min期间 ,观察心脏电机械活动、转流前后左心功能、心肌肌酸磷酸肌酶释放量及摄氧量、心肌含水量及超微结构变化。结果显示 :B、C组复苏后血液动力学的稳定性、左心功能恢复优于A组 ,肌酸磷酸肌酶释放量、心肌含水量及超微结构损害程度明显低于A组。C组心肌停搏及复苏极少出现室颤 ,自动复跳率高 ,心肌摄氧量高于B组 ;再灌注 3 0min时 ,心肌肌酸磷酸肌酶释放量明显低于B组 ,心肌水肿及超微结构损伤较B组略轻。表明冷氧合血停搏液间灌法具有明显减轻心肌缺血性和再灌注损伤作用 ,而温氧合血停搏液诱导停搏及复苏再灌注心肌保护效果更佳     

体外循环中猫心肌细胞膜磷脂变化的实验研究

目的:观察体外循环(CPB)中心肌细胞膜磷脂组分的动态变化过程,评价4种心肌保护方法对心肌的保护作用.方法:运用薄层层析和定磷法,研究中度低温CPB、主动脉阻断(ACC)期间分别间断顺灌冷晶体心停搏液、冷血心停搏液和持续顺灌冷血心停搏液组,以及ACC期间持续顺灌温血心停搏液组不同时间点的心肌细胞膜总磷脂、卵磷脂、脑磷脂等的含量.结果:再灌注早期,各心肌保护组总磷脂、卵磷脂和脑磷脂含量迅速减少,于再灌注30～60 min达峰值后出现程度不一的恢复,常温体外循环温血停搏液持续灌注组减少最小且恢复最佳.[ HT5W〗结论:常温体外循环温血停搏液持续灌注对心肌细胞膜磷脂的保护效果优于另3种方法,但仍需进一步改进.     

卡托普利强化心停搏液对未成熟兔心肌的保护作用

目的：探讨卡托普利对未成熟心肌缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用及机制。方法：改良的离体心脏工作模型上，20只未成熟新西兰兔被随机分为两组：A组为改良St-Thomas Ⅱ号停搏液组；B组为卡托普利强化的改良St-Thomas Ⅱ停搏液组。观察两组缺血再灌注后不同时点的主动脉流量、冠脉流量、心输出量、左室搏出功等的心功能指标及不同前负荷下的心功能状态、心肌含水率、心肌酶漏出量的测定。结果：B组的心功能恢复明显好于A组，且在灌注60min时，在不同的左房压下LVSWI的恢复也明显好于A组。而心肌含水率、及CK和LDH测定，两组无明显差异。结论:卡托普利对提高St-Thomas Ⅱ号停搏液在未成熟兔心肌缺血再灌注损伤后的心功能保护作用是有效的。     

温血停搏液诱导和再灌注对兔心长期保存效果的影响

目的:探讨温血停搏液诱导和再灌注对长期保存兔心的心肌保护作用。方法:成年健康家兔20只, 随机分为对照组和实验组,每组10只动物,采用Langendorff离体心脏灌注模型,实验组采用37℃温血停搏液, 对照组采用4℃St.Thomas液,观察温血停搏液诱导和保存末再灌注后工作心状态心率、冠脉回流量、左室收缩 压、左室舒张末压、心肌组织中CK MB、6 k PGF1α含量及心肌含水量的变化。结果:温血停搏液诱导和再灌注 后兔心左室收缩压、左室舒张末压、工作心状态心率、冠脉回流量较对照组升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01); 与对照组比较,实验组心肌组织中CK MB、6 k PGF1α含量升高,心肌含水量下降,差异亦有统计学意义(P< 0.001)。结论:温血停搏液诱导和再灌注有利于减轻长期保存后心肌损害,有利于心功能的恢复,且因方法简便 而有广阔临床应用前景。     

TTX停搏液对离体鼠心结蛋白作用及机制的研究

目的 研究Na 通道阻滞剂河豚毒素(tetrodotoxin,TTX)停搏液对离体鼠心结蛋白的作用及机制.方法 20只Wistar大鼠随机分为实验组和对照组,建立离体鼠心Langendorff和Neely灌注模型,搏动稳定后,灌注30min后停搏60min,再复灌60min,观察各组心脏停搏前后心功能指标的变化,通过免疫组化检测钙蛋白酶、免疫组化和蛋白印迹(Western blotting,WB)检测结蛋白的分布及量的变化.结果 复灌后,实验组的各项心功能恢复率明显优于对照组(P＜0.01或P＜0.05),钙蛋白酶分布整齐,表达量为0.071 56±0.000 05,明显低于对照组的0.145 92±0.000 03(P＜0.01);结蛋白分布紊乱,表达量为574.1±4.7,明显高于对照组的383.5±8.6(P＜0.01).结论 TTX停搏液对离体鼠心肌缺血一再灌注损伤(myocarchal ischemia/reperfusion iniury,MIRI)时的结蛋白及心功能有保护作用,其机制可能是通过抑制钙蛋白酶的激活而引起的.     

Na^＋通道阻滞极化停搏液在离体大鼠心脏保存中的保护作用

目的研究含Na^＋通道阻滞剂河豚毒素（TTX）极化停搏液在离体大鼠心脏保存中的心肌保护作用.方法20只Wistar大鼠随机均分入StThomas去极化停搏组（对照组,Ⅰ组）和TTX极化停搏组（Ⅱ组）.建立离体心脏灌注模型,灌注10 min后,分别用St.Thomas和TTX极化停搏液2 ml经主动脉插管注入,使心脏停搏.随后将鼠心置于相应配伍的停搏液中,10℃保存7 h后重新灌注心脏30 min.观察两组心脏保存前后在左心室收缩末压力和压力变化速率恢复率、心肌酶漏出、ATP含量和心肌超微结构等方面的改变.结果再灌注后,TTX极化停搏组血流动力学各项指标恢复率明显高于Ⅰ组（P＜0.01）,肌酸磷酸激酶和乳酸脱氢酶漏出量低于Ⅰ组（P＜0.05）,ATP含量维持在较高水平（P＜0.01）,心肌超微结构得到较好保护.结论在离体大鼠心脏低温保存过程中TTX极化停搏液心肌保护作用优于STH液.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.