广西人体华支睾吸虫感染现状调查分析

目的了解广西人群华支睾吸虫病流行现状和态势. 方法按流行程度和水系流域进行分层整群随机抽样.用改良加藤厚涂片法粪检虫卵并计数. 结果调查了9个县（市）27个点13 990人,华支睾吸虫平均感染率为9.76%,平均EPG为1 083,有6个县（市）查出感染者,其中3个县感染率超过20%.男性平均感染率和EPG分别为13.09%和1 320;女性分别为5.89%和658,差异均有显著性.各年龄组人群均有感染,以成人感染为重.蒙古族居民感染率最高,为16.67%;汉族感染率为11.56%,高于壮族的8.17%;壮族感染者EPG最高,为1 470.职业分布以医生、教师、农民和行政干部感染为重. 结论 1989年以来广西华支睾吸虫感染率显著上升,疫情快速蔓延,已经成为一个严重的公共卫生问题,应积极开展综合性防治工作.     

应用两级催化模型分析广西两县居民华支睾吸虫病的感染状况

目的了解广西横县和上林县居民华支睾吸虫病的感染情况。方法应用改良加藤法确诊华支睾吸虫感染者,应用两级催化模型对居民华支睾吸虫感染情况进行分析。结果两县居民华支睾吸虫感染率为56.51%,其中40～年龄组感染率最高,为70.37%,各年龄组间感染率差异有统计学意义。居民华支睾吸虫感染率的两级催化模型曲线方程为y^=1.36（e-0.012t-e-0.045t）,感染力a值为0.045,失去感染力b值为0.012,每年分别有4.5%的新增感染者和1.2%的感染者转阴,感染率最高的理论年龄c值为40.05岁。结论经χ2检验认为两级催化模型拟合良好,华支睾吸虫传播速度较快且阴转慢,人群感染华支睾吸虫维持在一个比较高的水平。     

广西华支睾吸虫病分布及流行趋势

目的了解广西华支睾吸虫病分布范围及流行趋势,为该病的防治提供科学依据。方法用Kato-Katz法或改良醛醚法粪检华支睾吸虫虫卵。收集既往资料与现场调查数据作统计分析。结果2004年广西华支睾吸虫病流行县市为59个,受威胁人口3852.6万。与1985年相比,流行县(市)增加了36个,受威胁的人口增加了2628.8万。2002年人群平均感染率为9.8%,为1987~1989年(1.2%)的8.1倍;轻、中、重、超重度感染分别占49.5%、36.2%、9.8%和4.5%。目前某些地区华支睾吸虫成为优势虫种,感染率达33.0%。结论广西华支睾吸虫病流行范围扩大,受威胁人口增多;有些地方华支睾吸虫已成为优势虫种,使当地人体寄生虫病谱发生了变化。     

我国华支睾吸虫病流行区感染现状调查

目的 了解我国华支睾吸虫病流行区的感染现状。 方法 2002-2004年对全国27个省（市、区）按不同流行程度和水系流域进行分层整群随机抽样,对样本人群采用改良加藤厚涂片法检查华支睾吸虫虫卵（一粪三检）。 结果 调查217 829人,检出华支睾吸虫感染者5 230例,感染率为2.40%,推算全国华支睾吸虫感染者约为1 249万。平均每克粪便含虫卵2 208个,低、中、高度感染构成比分别为78.93%、17.40%和3.67%。19个省（市、区）查出感染者,感染率居前3位的是广东（16.42%,2 278/13 876）、广西（9.75%,1 365/13 990）和黑龙江（4.72%,636/13 458）。男性平均感染率（2.94%,3 267/111 262）高于女性（1.84%,1 963/106 567）。各年龄组均有感染,其中50～59岁年龄组感染率最高（9.16%）。华支睾吸虫感染存在职业差异,以商人感染率最高（13.42%,124/924）、其次为工人（7.9%,298/3 773）和离退休人员（5.28%,70/1 327）。在以食生鱼片为主要感染方式的地区,成人感染为主,其他地区则以儿童为主。不同地形间感染率亦有差异,水网地区感染率最高（5.23%,687/13 125）,其次为丘陵地区（2.34%,1 111/47 552）。采用二项分布拟合法分析,发现华支睾吸虫感染具家庭聚集性。 结论 华支睾吸虫病在我国流行范围广、感染率高,呈地方性分布,成年男性感染率高,具家庭聚集性。     

医院就诊患者华支睾吸虫感染及临床特征分析

目的了解医院就诊患者华支睾吸虫感染情况及临床特点,为采取相应的防治措施提供依据。方法对2010～2011年17 584例就诊患者进行粪检,并分析华支睾吸虫虫卵阳性者的感染情况及实验室检测结果。结果受检者中华支睾吸虫感染2 043例,感染率11.62%,其中男性感染率为18.74%,女性为2.99%,男性显著高于女性(χ2=1052.15,P<0.01),30～岁组感染率最高,为22.15%;民族分布以壮族感染率最高,为29.98%;职业分布以农民感染率最高,为20.06%;有明显症状者1 735例(84.92%);实验室辅助检查中,74.94%感染者(1531例)有嗜酸性粒细胞升高,83.95%(1 715例)感染者有谷氨酰转移酶升高。华支睾吸虫感染者中62.41%有明确的食鱼生史,29.86%食过半生鱼虾。结论医院就诊者华支睾吸虫感染率较高,感染人群分布有明显差异性,应针对易感人群加强宣教等防治工作;对有食鱼生史且伴有嗜酸性粒细胞和谷氨酰转移酶增高患者,应粪检虫卵,以免漏诊。     

吉林省西部地区华支睾吸虫病流行现状调查

目的掌握吉林省西部地区华支睾吸虫病流行现状,为后续防治策略的制定提供科学依据。方法 2017年按照整群抽样的方法,选择吉林省西部地区有食用生鱼片风俗习惯的县(市、区),每个县(市、区)按东、西、南、北、中5个方位各选取1个乡(镇)、每个乡(镇)各选取1个村作为调查点。采用问卷调查收集居民基本信息。采用Kato-Katz法(1粪2检)检查居民华支睾吸虫感染情况,对检测结果进行描述性分析。结果在吉林省5个县(市、区)、25个乡(镇)、25个村共调查居民4 980人,检出华支睾吸虫感染者1 220人,人群平均感染率为24.50%。各县(市、区)人群华支睾吸虫感染率差异有统计学意义(χ^2=793.63,P <0.01),其中大安市感染率最高(53.82%)。不同性别、民族、年龄、文化程度和职业人群华支睾吸虫感染率差异亦有统计学意义(P均<0.01),其中男性高于女性、汉族高于其他民族、高年龄组高于低年龄组、大专学历高于其他学历、干部职业高于其他职业,检查前服用驱虫药人群感染率低于未服药者。结论吉林省西部地区仍为华支睾吸虫病高发区;今后仍应针对重点人群开展服药驱虫和健康教育等综合性防控措施,以有效控制华支睾吸虫病的流行与传播。     

广西146例华支睾吸虫疑似感染者粪样虫卵和血清IgG抗体的检测分析

检测广西华支睾吸虫疑似感染者粪样华支睾吸虫/扇棘单睾吸虫虫卵和血清华支睾吸虫IgG抗体,分析二者的相关性,为华支睾吸虫感染的监测和诊断提供参考。收集2017年3-9月于广西疾病预防控制中心预防性健康体检科就诊的疑似华支睾吸虫感染者粪样,采用改良加藤厚涂片法(一粪三检)检查华支睾吸虫/扇棘单睾吸虫虫卵并计算每克粪样虫卵数(EPG)。同步收集粪检阳性患者的血液标本,采用间接ELISA法检测血清华支睾吸虫IgG抗体。分析EPG值与IgG抗体A_(450)值的相关性,并根据华支睾吸虫感染度分类标准,分析轻度、中度和重度感染者EPG值与血清IgG抗体阳性率以及IgG抗体定性结果与EPG值的关系。在146份华支睾吸虫/扇棘单睾吸虫虫卵阳性粪样中,EPG最大值为21 502,最小值为8。血清华支睾吸虫IgG抗体阳性率为84.9%(124/146),男、女性IgG抗体阳性率分别为86.0%(111/129)和13/17,差异无统计学意义(P 0.05)。感染者EPG值和IgG抗体A_(450)值呈正相关性(r_s=0.436, P 0.01)。轻度、中度和重度感染者IgG抗体阳性率分别为78.4%(69/88)、 96.0%(48/50)和7/8,差异有统计学意义(P 0.05)。华支睾吸虫血清IgG抗体阳性组和阴性组粪样几何均数(GM EPG)值分别为736和204,差异有统计学意义(P 0.01)。提示在华支睾吸虫和扇棘单睾吸虫共感染的广西,粪样虫卵镜检和血清华支睾吸虫IgG抗体检测结果呈正相关;但单独粪便虫卵检查用于华支睾吸虫监测和诊断会存在误判,应辅助IgG抗体等血清学检测。     

广西梧州市人群华支睾吸虫感染情况调查

目的 了解梧州市华支睾吸虫感染情况,探讨华支睾吸虫病感染方式、途径等流行病学特征,为开展华支睾吸虫病防控提供科学依据.方法 根据梧州市地理方位、居民生活习惯选择万秀、长洲和蝶山三个城区作为调查点,用改良加藤氏厚涂片法粪检华支睾吸虫虫卵,阳性者计算克粪虫卵数( eggs per garm of faces,EPG).结果 共调查3 078人,华支睾吸虫平均感染率为4.48％.其中万秀区感染率为6.45％;长洲区感染率为4.23％;蝶山区感染率为2.79％.男性和女性的感染率分别是6.13％和2.74％.所有年龄组均有感染,以20～岁组至60～岁组较高,EPG1～999占90.57％.结论 梧州市是华支睾吸虫病轻度流行区,食鱼生是感染华支睾吸虫主要途径,应积极开展综合性防治工作.     

广东省华支睾吸虫病流行现状调查和分析

目的了解广东省华支睾吸虫病流行现状和态势。方法在全省原63个流行县（市）按流行程度和水系流域进行分层随机整群抽样，用改良加藤厚涂片法粪检虫卵并计数。结果全省调查9个县（市）27个点13876人，华支睾吸虫平均感染率为16．42％，平均克粪虫卵数（EPG）为359。有8个县市查出感染者，其中3个县感染率超过20％。平均感染率男性18．92％，女性13．89％，差异有显著性（x^2=616．7，P〈0．01）。各年龄组均有感染，以成人感染为重（感染率19．38％～27．42％）。职业分布以渔民和商人感染最重（感染率32．69％）。结论广东省华支睾吸虫病流行范围广、感染率高，已经成为一个严重的公共卫生问题，应积极开展综合性防控工作。     

2015年贵州省人体华支睾吸虫感染现状调查分析

为了解2015年贵州省人体华支睾吸虫感染情况,按照《全国人体重点寄生虫病现状调查方案》和实施细则相关要求,采用分层整群随机抽样的方法从全省16个县(市、区)抽取30个农村和5个城镇为调查点,每个调查点检测不少于250人。采用改良加藤厚涂片法(一粪二检)对被调查者粪样进行检测,镜检华支睾吸虫卵及其他人体重点寄生虫虫卵并计数,同时采集被调查者一般情况信息。结果显示,全省共调查8 838人,华支睾吸虫感染37例,感染率0.42%(37/8 838),均属轻度感染。男、女华支睾吸虫感染率分别为0.50%(22/4 375)和0.34%(15/4 463)。36例感染者集中于黔东南州,1例在六盘水市,地区间差异有统计学意义(P <0.01)。农村调查点7 572人,感染率为0.04%(3/7 572);城镇调查点1 266人,感染率为2.69%(34/1 266),差异有统计学意义(P <0.01)。黔东南州城镇调查点中,榕江县(镇区)感染率达11.90%(30/252),高于凯里市(城区)(1.60%, 4/250)(P <0.01)。37例华支睾吸虫感染者中,仅1例合并蛔虫感染。各年龄组中以11~20岁组感染率最高,为0.97%;文化程度以高中、中专学历人群感染率最高,为3.14%;职业以工人、干部等上班族最高,为2.36%,不同年龄、文化程度、职业人群差异均有统计学意义(P <0.01)。贵州省黔东南州仍是华支睾吸虫病的重点流行区,需扩大城镇调查点进一步摸清华支睾吸虫感染流行状况。     

Overview of human clonorchiasis sinensis in China

The objective of the survey was to determine the current status, trends and transmission factors for Clonorchis sinensis infection in China and to provide updated information for development control strategies. This was part of a nationwide survey of major human parasitic diseases carried out during 2000-2002 sampled by the stratified randomized cluster sampling method. Fecal examination was conducted using the Kato-Katz thick smear method and egg count per gram of feces (EPG) was determined for the egg-positive patients. A questionnaire and a case-control study were applied to analyze the transmission factors for C. sinensis infection. The overall prevalence rate of C. sinensis infection was 0.58% in 356,629 residents from 688 sampled pilot sites in 31 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities (PAM) of China. The infection rates of C. sinensis in Guangdong, Jilin, Guangxi Zhuang autonomous region, Anhui and Heilongjiang were higher than the other PAM, they were 5.35, 4.77, 3.71, 0.67 and 0.48%, respectively. In Guangxi, moderate and heavy infections were found in 29.14% and 11.52%, respectively, of the total infected. Heavy infections were not found in any of the other provinces except for 2 heavily infected cases in Heilongjiang. The prevalence rate increased with age for residents aged < 35 years and remained at high levels in those aged 25-60 years. The infection rate in males was 1.64 times that of females. The C. sinensis egg positivity rates in fishermen, businessmen, physicians and teachers were higher than others. Among the 38 ethnic groups, the prevalences in the Han (3.20%) and the Zhuang (3.15%) were the highest; no cases were found among the Zang, Miao, Man and other 29 ethnic groups. Significant differences in prevalences were also found among counties of different economic levels. C. sinensis infection is prevalent in hilly and plains regions of northeast and southcentral China, representing two highly endemic areas in the North and the South. An increasing trend in prevalence was seen in endemic areas. The infection was mainly detected in young and middle aged males. A higher prevalence was observed in those with a better education and a higher income. Consumption of raw (or under-cooked) fresh water fish or shrimp were the main risk factors responsible for transmission of the parasite.     

Epidemiological investigation on Clonorchis sinensis in human population in an area of South China

To detect the prevalence of Clonorchis sinensis, one of the important helminthes in the human population of the Guangxi Region where Schistosoma japonicum was endemic but eliminated in the late 1980s, the Kato-Katz thick smear technique was used for examining fecal samples from selected townships in Hengxian County. Among 1,552 people examined, 491 (31.6%) were found infected with C. sinensis. By counting eggs per gram feces (EPG), it was found that the light, moderate, and heavy intensities of infection occupied 55.4, 33.0, and 11.6%, respectively, with an average EPG of 4,845 in the infected subjects. The survey revealed that the prevalence in the age groups of 0 - 9 and 10 -19 years old was less than 10% but was 45 - 50% in the groups between 30 - 39 and 60 - 69 years old. A much higher prevalence was demonstrated in the male population (41.9%) than in the females (20.5%), and heavier intensity of infection was also found in the males than in the females. These results indicated that the prevalence of this liver fluke is increasing in the past decade in that region, and there is an urgent need to further assess the epidemiological factors in reference to the area's changing socioeconomic conditions and human behavior, contamination of the environment and fish ponds, inadequate farming/fishery practices, and the infection of domestic animals.     

Black grouse in Czech Republic and its parasites

According to the newest data (2010), the state of the black grouse is in decline in the Czech Republic. One of the reasons for this decline is the parasitic infection. The examination of 170 faecal specimens disclosed 6 species of parasites. Helminth eggs were found in 50 % of the examined faecal specimens. The following eggs were found: cestode Hymenolepis spp. (28 %), with the highest prevalence (84 %) and mean intensity (1076 EPG) in spring; nematodes Trichostrongylus tenuis (24 %), and Ascaridia compar (3 %) with a mean intensity of 11 and 12 EPG, respectively. Coccidia infections were present in 1 % of faecal specimens only in spring, with an intensity of 35 OPG. However, in the following year, Eimeria lyruri was the most abundant parasite in the faecal specimens. During the second year of our research, the prevalence of E. lyruri was 28 %; the highest prevalence (67 %) was in summer with an intensity of up to 9433 OPG.     

Intestinal parasites infection of horses from riding clubs in Kraków area

The studies were carried out in 2001 and 2002 on horses from riding clubs in Krakow area. On the basis of McMaster method EPG (eggs per gram) and prevalence of infection (%) was evaluated. The most common parasites were strongyles (Strongylidae). In the first year of study in dynamics of strongyles eggs output of horses kept on paddocks two peaks were observed: in May (450 EPG) and January (427 EPG), in comparison with horses under pasture system where the highest level of strongyles eggs output were in May (832 EPG), from August (420 EPG) to October (385 EPG) and in March (482 EPG). In the second year of study seasonal mean prevalence (from April to October) as well as EPG were higher in horses under pasture system (73.9% and 781 EPG) than in horses on paddocks with grass (42.1% and 251 EPG) and horses on paddocks without grass (19.2% and 157 EPG).     

广西贵港市2 175例华支睾吸虫病住院病例分析

目的 了解广西贵港市华支睾吸虫病住院病例流行病学分布特点，为控制该病流行提供参考。 方法 1985-2007年采集每例患者新鲜粪便30～50 g, 用水洗自然沉淀集卵法检查虫卵确诊。在虫卵阳性者中随机抽取61例，用Stoll法计数克粪虫卵数（EPG）, 划分感染度。EPG≤500为轻度感染，501～5 000为中度感染，＞5 000为重度感染。 结果 确诊华支睾吸虫病患者2 175例, 其中有合并症者1 244例占57.2%。中、重度感染占55.7%(34/61)。EPG平均为3 055。农村1 430例，其中890例(占62.2%)分布在23乡(镇)(主要在三里镇、石卡镇)及1个农场[占总乡(镇)和农场数的80%(24/30)]。患者年龄为3～76岁，其中以20～49岁青壮年为主。男女比例为3.6 ∶ 1, 农民990例占45.5%, 壮族1 308例占60.1%。患者就医人数各阶段年度构成比呈逐渐上升趋势。有明确食鱼生史者1 435例占66.0%。 结论 贵港市华支睾吸虫病流行广泛，就医人数年度构成比呈上升趋势。     

广西人体重要寄生虫病现状调查

目的了解广西人体重要寄生虫病的流行现状和流行因素。方法按照全国人体重要寄生虫病现状调查的抽样方法进行抽样;粪便虫卵检查采用改良加藤厚涂片法、蛲虫卵检查采用透明胶纸拭肛法,血清学检查采用ELISA方法,并进行绦/囊虫病问卷调查。结果土源性线虫（钩、蛔、鞭、蛲）、华支睾吸虫总感染率为44.23%,检出7种虫种;其中,钩虫、蛔虫、鞭虫、蛲虫、华支睾吸虫感染率分别为18.52%、23.25%、11.37%、19.85%和3.71%。桂东、桂南地区总感染率较高（59.72%、47.98%）;学生总感染率（45.69%）较其他职业人群高;瑶族人群总感染率（76.77%）较其他民族高。≤15岁组人群蛔虫感染率较高,钩虫感染率随年龄的增加而增加,鞭虫感染者主要为5～15岁儿童。绦虫病主要集中在桂北和桂中的少数民族地区,以融水县绦虫感染率最高（8.46%）。结论广西人群土源性线虫感染率与12年前比较有较大幅度下降,但仍然处于较高水平,桂东、桂南地区感染率较高;食源性寄生虫感染呈上升趋势。     

Intestinal parasites of parrots

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to determine a parasitic species composition, prevalence and intensity of infection in selected parrots. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The studies were carried out on faecal samples of budgerigars Melopsittacus undulatus (n = 36), cockatiels Nymphicus hollandicus (n = 21), grey parrots Psittacus erithacus (n = 18), eastern rosella Platycercus eximius (n = 10) and senegal parrots Poicephalus senegalus (n = 10) using the Willis-Schlaff and McMaster's methods. RESULTS: Protozoans (Isosporidae and Eimeriidae) and nematodes (Ascarididae, Capillaridae and Heterakidae) were detected in the tested samples. Coccidian oocysts were detected in all examined parrots. Isospora and Eimeria oocysts were found in 52.9% Melopsittacus undulatus, 60% Poicephalus senegalus and 66.7% Psittacus erithacus. Mean number of oocysts per gram of feces (OPG) was high: from about 270 to 1500 depending on both parasite and host species. Three species of parrots were infected with the nematodes (Nymphicus hollandicus and Poicephalus senegalus were free from this infection), but only Ascaridia platycerci was present in these hosts, with the highest prevalence (20%) and highest mean number of eggs per gram of feces (EPG = 1242) in Platycercus eximinus. Heterakis gallinarum was observed only in Psittacus erithacus; 16.6% individuals were infected, and EPG was 212. The highest intensity of infection with nematodes of Ascarididae and Capillaridae was in Platycercus eximius. EPG in this species of parrots was 1242 and 2480, respectively. The obtained results show that introduction of parasitological prophylaxis programs is necessary, especially in the larger birds' farmings and zoological shops.     

广西上林县家犬传播华支睾吸虫病潜能调查

目的调查家犬传播华支睾吸虫病的潜在能量,为疾病防控提供依据。方法选择上林县朝文村为调查点,调查全村家犬只数;一次性寻找、捡拾所见全部新鲜犬粪,用醛醚法查华支睾吸虫虫卵,以改良加藤厚涂片(Kato-katz)法作克粪虫卵(EPG)计数,计算日均排卵量。结果全村有家犬66只,一次性检获新鲜犬粪41份。犬粪华支睾吸虫卵检出率为53.66%(22/41),EPG平均为322。推算该村家犬日均排出华支睾吸虫虫卵73.4万个。结论家犬在华支睾吸虫病的传播中具有不可小视的潜在能量,在疾病防控中应给予足够重视。