儿童多动症与血中微量元素水平的相关性研究

摘要 目的 探讨儿童多动症与血中微量元素水平的相关性。方法 选择我院2018年1月~2019年6月进行治疗的65例患者作为本次研究的观察组。选取同时期来我院进行健康体检的儿童65例为对照组。①比较两组入选儿童血清微量元素水平;②比较不同分型患儿血清微量元素水平差异;③分析微量元素水平与儿童多动症的相关性。结果 观察组血清微量元素水平和对照组有差异,Zn、Fe水平低于对照组,Pb水平高于对照组,差异显著（P＜0.05）;注意力缺陷型患儿Zn、Mg、Fe水平最高,Pb水平最低,注意力缺陷+冲动-多动型患儿Zn、Mg、Fe水平最低,Pb水平最高,差异显著（P＜0.05）;Zn、Fe、Pb和儿童多动症有相关性,差异显著（P＜0.05）。结论 儿童多动症与微量元素水平有相关性,临床可根据这些指标的变化,辅助临床诊治。     

儿童多动症、儿童自闭症与血中单胺类神经递质关系的研究

目的了解儿童多动症即注意缺陷多动障碍(attentiondeficitdisorderwithhypractivity,ADHD)与儿童自闭症(autistcdisorder,AD)的行为与血中单胺类神经递质去甲肾上腺素(NE),5-羟色胺(5-HT)的关系。方法采用德国进口的检测血中去甲肾上腺素,5-羟色胺试剂(IMMUNOBIOLOGICALLABORATORIES,IBL)Noradrenalin(e)ELISA及SerotoninELISA,使用ThermoLabsystems雷勃酶标仪(MK3)测定。结果与正常儿对比,儿童多动症血中NE显著升高,5-HT显著下降,儿童自闭症血中5-HT显著升高,NE显著下降。结论血中单胺类神经递质与儿童的行为关系密切,检测血中NE、5-HT可以了解儿童行为模式起一定的作用。     

儿童多动症、儿童自闭症与血中单胺类神经递质关系的研究

目的：了解儿童多动症即注意缺陷多动障碍（attention deficit disorder with hypractivity,ADHD)与儿童自闭症（autistc disorder,AD)的行为与血中单胺类神经递质去甲肾上腺素（NE，5－羟色胺（5－HT）的关系。方法：采用德国进口的检测血中去甲肾上腺素，5－羟色胺试剂（IMMUNOBIOLOGICAL LABORATORIES，IBL）Noradrenalin(e) ELISA及Serotonin ELISA,使用Thermo Labsystems雷勃酶标仪（MK3）测定。结果：与正常儿对比，儿童多动症血中NE显著升高，5－HT显著下降，儿童自闭症血中5－HT显著升高，NE显著下降。结论：血中单胺类神经递质与儿童的行为关系密切，检测血中NE、5－HT可以了解儿童行为模式起一定的作用。     

儿童多动症与微量元素的相关性研究

儿童多动症的确切病因至今还不完全清楚，一般认为是由多种因素引起的，遗传与环境等因素都可能导致其发生。近年来，对儿童多动症问题及其影响因素的研究报道较多，但多集中于探讨社会和家庭因素、局部脑血流灌注的影响及不同亚型的神经心理特征等方面。人体内微量元素如铅、锰、锌、铜、铁、钙等含量的变化与疾病的关系，逐渐被人们所认识。作者对271例ADHD患儿进行血铅、锌、铜、铁、钙水平测定，来分析儿童多动症与微量元素的相关性。     

儿童多动症与微量元素的相关性研究

儿童多动症的确切病因至今还不完全清楚, 一般认为是由多种因素引起的,遗传与环境等因素都可能导致其发生.近年来,对儿童多动症问题及其影响因素的研究报道较多,但多集中于探讨社会和家庭因素、局部脑血流灌注的影响及不同亚型的神经心理特征等方面.人体内微量元素如铅、锰、锌、铜、铁、钙等含量的变化与疾病的关系,逐渐被人们所认识.作者对271例ADHD患儿进行血铅、锌、铜、铁、钙水平测定,来分析儿童多动症与微量元素的相关性.     

儿童多动症早期诊断与治疗

随着人们生活水平和文化素质的提高，儿童多动症日益受到重视，但对该疾病相关的知识的了解仍然较表浅，所以早期发现，了解该疾病的特点和治疗方法及进展非常重要。本文对该病的早期发现、诊断及治疗等相关问题进行了探讨，现报告道下。     

多动症儿童的心理护理

通过对20例多动症儿童的心理护理的效果评价,提示:对于多动症儿童的心理护理强调医务人员、老师、家长及儿童的密切配合,才能起到良好的效果。     

儿童多动症分子遗传学研究进展

注意缺陷多动障碍 (ａｔｔｅｎｔｉｏｎｄｅｆｉｃｉｔ/ｈｙ ｐｅｒａｃｔｉｖｉｔｙｄｉｓｏｒｄｅｒ,ＡＤＨＤ)是一种最多见于学龄期儿童的精神障碍 ,主要表现为活动过度、注意缺陷 ,可以伴有学习成绩低下和冲动行为。它在学龄期儿童的患病率约 3 %～6 % ,其中有 2 2 %～ 33 %患者的症状将持续至青少年或成人[1 ] ,给患者及其家庭带来明显的不良影响 ,而且大量前瞻性和回顾性研究显示 :与正常对照相比 ,此类儿童有较高的精神疾病发病率 ,如抑郁障碍、焦虑障碍、品行障碍、酒精和其他物质滥用等。因此 ,该疾病愈来愈引起人们的关注。许多研…     

近年儿童多动症的中医药证治研究概况

我国对儿童多动症的研究历史并不长，本文复习近十年有关该病研究的文献，总结出中医就多动症的病因病机、证治分型、有效方药等的研究历程以及目前所取得的进展。     

儿童多动症患者的护理及预防

总结了10例儿童多动症患者的护理及预防措施,包括心理护理,环境指导,睡眠指导,饮食指导,药物治疗护理等,认为精心的护理及有效的预防措施可显著改善患儿症状,提高患儿集中注意力的能力。     

高铅血症与儿童注意缺陷多动障碍发病率的研究

目的探讨高铅血症儿童中注意缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）的发病率。方法收集1047例高铅血症（血铅≥100μg/L）儿童,按性别及年龄分别分组。血铅使用原子吸收光谱仪测定。结果1047例高铅血症儿童中共确诊ADHD179例,总发病率为17．09％。男童中ADHD的发病率为18．90％,高于女童ADHD的发病率10．36％,（P〈0．005）。226例〈6岁儿童ADHD发病率为3．98％,821例6～15岁儿童ADHD发病率为20．71％,2组发病率比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．005）。6～15岁儿童组中确诊ADHD170例,按性别分组后661例男童中ADHD的发病率为22．39％,高于160例女童中ADHD的发病率13．75％,（P〈0．025）。结论高铅血症中〈6岁儿童ADHD发病率显著低于6～15岁儿童。6～15岁男童的ADHD发病率显著高于女童。     

亲子互动疗法在学龄前ADHD儿童中的应用效果

近年来,国内外关于学龄前注意缺陷多动障碍(ADHD)儿童的家庭干预得到了越来越多研究者的关注和重视,因其效果显著而被众多诊疗指南认定为学龄前ADHD儿童的一线治疗方法。亲子互动疗法(PCIT)是一种主要针对学龄前儿童问题行为的家庭养育行为干预方法,其中现场实时指导、亲子共同参与、科学严谨的评估等要素保证了干预效果。该方法能有效减轻ADHD儿童的核心症状和家长的育儿压力,增强亲子关系和提升家庭功能。本文对PCIT的独特优势、实施流程、影响机制等进行综述,以期为今后我国学龄前ADHD儿童PCIT的研究设计、本土化治疗方案的研发和临床应用提供参考和依据。     

Balance-based Attentive Rehabilitation of Attention Networks (BARAN) improves executive functions and ameliorates behavioral symptoms in children with ADHD

IntroductionBalance as a motor activity requires integrating different sensory information to maintain the center of gravity above the base of support through proper motor strategies in the light of cognitive processing.MethodsIn the present study, twenty-nine children with attention deficit- hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) were recruited in a random clinical trial design in two intervention and active control groups. The N-Back, Wisconsin Card Sorting, Go/No-Go tasks, and Conners’ Teacher and Parent Rating Scales were performed in baseline, post-intervention, and follow-up sessions. The intervention group received balance-based attentive rehabilitation of attention (BARAN), and the active control group received aerobic exercise and running in 12-15 sessions.ResultsBARAN improves working memory (P < .05), cognitive flexibility (P < .01), and inhibitory control (P < .05) and ameliorates ADHD symptoms at home (P < .01) and school (P < .05).ConclusionDual-balance and cognitive tasks improve executive functions and ameliorate symptoms in children with ADHD.     

多动症患儿自我意识水平现状调查

目的调查多动症(attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder,ADHD)患儿自我意识水平现状,为临床开展健康教育提供依据。方法比较ADHD患儿与全国常模自我意识水平的差异,并采用Piers-Harris儿童自我意识量表对ADHD患儿和正常儿童各30例进行对照分析。结果ADHD患儿自我意识量表行为、智力与学校、焦虑、合群、幸福与满足等因子分及总分较对照组低,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论ADHD患儿自我意识水平普遍偏低,需进行早期护理干预,纠正患儿的不健康行为,培养自尊心和自信心,提高自我意识水平。     

Conduct behaviors and oppositional defiant behaviors in children and adolescents with ADHD

There is controversy about the association among attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), conduct disorder behaviors, and oppositional defiant behaviors. This study examines whether different subcategories of conduct behaviors co-occur in children with ADHD, and investigates the association of conduct behaviors with ADHD symptoms and oppositional defiant behavior, considering the covariant factors of parental age and educational level. A total of 441 children and adolescents with ADHD participated in this study – 342 (77.6%) boys and 99 girls (22.4%). Their mean age was 9.1 (standard deviation = 2.2) years. They came from families with 1 to 8 children. There were statistically significant correlations among different subcategories of conduct disorder (p < 0.001 for all the correlations). Oppositional behavior scores were associated with all 4 subcategories of conduct behaviors. The severity of hyperactivity/impulsivity was associated with the subcategory of “destruction of property.” The inattentiveness score was associated with “aggression to people and animals.” The current results do not suggest that conduct behaviors exclude oppositional defiant behaviors. The subcategories of conduct behaviors occur in a cluster rather than as a solitary behavior. Larger family size and lower educational level of the father increase the risk of aggression to people and animals in children with ADHD.     

三种亚型注意缺陷多动障碍儿童智力结构特征的分析

目的探讨三种亚型注意缺陷多动障碍(ADHD)儿童智力结构特征的差异。方法根据美国精神障碍诊断与统计手册第4版对185例ADHD儿童进行诊断和临床分型,其中注意缺陷为主型65例,多动-冲动为主型8例,混合型112例。对3组患儿均使用韦氏儿童智力量表进行智力测试,并分析比较3组言语智商(VIQ)、操作智商(PIQ)、总智商(FIQ)以及10项测验结果。结果注意缺陷为主型PIQ显著低于混合型(P<0.05),3种亚型组间FIQ和VIQ比较差异无显著性(P>0.05);注意缺陷为主型填图测验结果显著低于混合型和多动-冲动型(P<0.05)。结论注意缺陷为主型ADHD与另两种亚型有不同的智力结构,注意缺陷为主型以右半球脑功能缺陷为主。     

ADHD in the college student: a block in the road

Older adolescents with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) often struggle as they make the transition to college. Loss of parental supervision and structure, variable course schedules and the freedom and distractions of campus life can lead to health-risk behaviours for the college student with ADHD. The purpose of this study was to determine factors that help, as well as hinder, college students with ADHD as they learn to cope with everyday challenges of life and academics once they leave the structure and support of their parents' home. Investigators conducted semi-structured qualitative interviews with 15 college students with ADHD. Follow-up interviews confirmed and validated information obtained during initial interviews. In-depth qualitative analysis of transcribed interviews resulted in identification of three global themes: gaining insight about ADHD, managing life and utilizing sources of support. Each global theme contains factors that hinder, as well as factors that help the college student with ADHD. The factors that college students described as helping and hindering their transition to college can serve as the basis for interventions to educate and empower younger adolescents with ADHD well in advance of their transition to college.