骨远端稳定性骨折手法复位石膏夹板与小夹板固定的疗效研究

目的研究比较桡骨远端稳定性骨折手法复位石膏夹板与小夹板固定的临床疗效。方法将2003年5月～2007年6月76例桡骨远端稳定性骨折随机分为2组,76例均采用手法复位,并分别采用小夹板（A组37例,其中男10例,女27例,平均年龄53.5岁）及石膏夹板（B组39例,其中男12例,女27例,平均年龄55.5岁）外固定治疗,两组均获随访,平均随访时间11.5月。采用经典的Gartland and Werley法评分标准,并将关节活动度分4度进行单向有序非参数检验。结果对于桡骨远端稳定性骨折,石膏夹板外固定复位评定优良率85%,功能评定优良率92%,平均（4.35±1.13）分;小夹板外固定复位评定优良率78%,功能评定优良率73%,平均（8.00±4.15）分。结论对桡骨远端伸直型骨折手法复位石膏夹板外固定复位及功能恢复明显优于小夹板外固定（P〈0.05）。     

牵引夹板治疗骨折时橡皮筋拉伸和应力松弛测试

背景：单纯石膏外固定治疗桡骨远端粉碎性骨折难以实现良好复位和固定,近年来以牵引式夹板治疗的效果较好。 目的：运用生物力学的研究方法,对比分析牵引式夹板治疗桡骨远端粉碎性骨折时橡皮筋拉伸及应力松弛与效果的关系。 方法：236例桡骨远端粉碎性骨折患者按治疗方法分为治疗组和对照组,治疗组实行牵引式夹板治疗,对照组实行单纯手法整复夹板外固定。治疗后定期拍摄X射线片观察骨折愈合情况,腕关节功能采用Dienst评估标准进行评定。采用Instron电子万能材料试验机3367对牵引的橡皮筋进行橡皮筋拉伸和应力松弛实验,测试橡皮筋的最大应力。 结果与结论：按意向性处理分析,全部进入结果分析。患者随访均超过5个月,最长随访13个月。Dienst功能评估：治疗组优68例,良42例,优良率93.2%,对照组优良率52.6%,治疗组优良率显著高于对照组。证实采用牵引式夹板治疗桡骨远端粉骨折,操作简单方便,临床疗效可靠。橡皮筋拉伸和应力松弛实验结果显示,橡皮筋的最大应力为46.97 N,最终应力保持在20.60 N,能够达到桡骨远端粉骨折复位治疗的牵引作用。     

两种固定方法治疗老年骨质疏松性桡骨远端骨折的疗效比较

目的对比切开复位锁定钢板内固定和手法复位后小夹板外固定治疗老年骨质疏松性桡骨远端骨折的临床疗效。方法对102例老年骨质疏松性桡骨远端骨折患者分别采用切开复位锁定钢板内固定治疗(钢板组)48例和手法复位后小夹板外固定治疗(夹板组)54例,比较两组治疗后的临床疗效。结果 102例患者均获得随访,时间6~18个月。参照Cooney腕关节评分标准钢板组优良率为93.75%,夹板组组优良率为83.33%,差异有统计学意义(0.05)。结论切开复位锁定钢板内固定方法对老年骨质疏松性桡骨远端骨折的疗效较小夹板外固定法更佳,可提供坚强内固定,最大限度恢复腕关节功能,在合理掌握适应症的情况下适合在临床推广应用。     

闭合复位克氏针内固定结合石膏外固定治疗老年桡骨远端不稳定骨折

目的探讨闭合复位克氏针内固定结合石膏外固定治疗老年桡骨远端不稳定骨折的效果。方法 2009年11月~2013年7月,收治老年不稳定型桡骨远端骨折27例,采用手法复位,克氏针撬拨复位、固定结合石膏外固定治疗。结果本组27例随访7~45个月,平均22个月。骨折愈合时间8~12周,平均10.4周。按Dienst功能评估标准进行评定优16例,良9例,可2例,优良率为92.6%。结论闭合复位克氏针内固定结合石膏外固定是治疗老年不稳定性桡骨远端骨折的有效方法。     

老年骨质疏松性桡骨远端粉碎性骨折的治疗评价

目的　对比手法复位石膏托外固定及LCP锁定钢板在治疗老年骨质疏松性桡骨远端粉碎性骨折中的疗效差异。方法2002年8月至2003年8月间,共收治104例老年性骨质疏松性桡骨远端粉碎性骨折的病例,其中使用LCP内固定术治疗的21例,其余采取手法复位石膏托外固定。结果经过平均11.3个月得随访,手法复位组的优良率为68.7%,LCP组的优良率为90.5%。结论LCP锁定钢板在治疗老年骨质疏松性桡骨远端粉碎性骨折中具有显著的优越性。     

低温板材外固定治疗桡骨远端伸直型骨折96例:与夹板外固定及石膏夹板超腕外固定的比较

背景:目前常见的桡骨远端骨折外固定方式包括石膏外固定、中医夹板,低温板材支具固定是新发展起来的外固定方法,与其他固定方式相比有无优势尚不清楚。目的:观察低温板材外固定法对桡骨远端伸直型骨折功能恢复的治疗效果。方法:四川大学华西康复科假肢矫形中心2007-12/2010-01收治的96例桡骨远端伸直型骨折患者,随机分为低温板材超腕外固定组、中医桡骨远端骨折夹板外固定组、石膏夹板超腕外固定组,每组32例。各组均给予手法复位操作治疗以及适当的功能训练,并根据患者年龄、身体情况及损伤程度予以药物治疗。结果与结论:与低温板材超腕外固定组比较,中医桡骨远端骨折夹板外固定组、石膏夹板超腕外固定组的治愈率明显降低(P0.05),并发症率、功能受限率均明显升高(P0.05)。提示手法整复低温板热塑板材外固定治疗桡骨远端伸直型骨折安全、有效,其效果优于传统的石膏固定和中医夹板固定,且并发症少,值得推广应用。     

外固定支架固定治疗桡骨远端骨折

桡骨远端骨折是最常见的骨折之一,传统治疗方法有手法复位石膏或小夹板固定等。对于手法复位失败的,采用切开复位克氏针或钢板内固定。对于一些桡骨远端严重的粉碎性骨折用这些方法治疗效果就不理想,很多骨折产生了移位,     

特制牵引夹板与石膏固定治疗移位型桡骨远端骨折随机对照研究

目的 探讨特制牵引夹板与石膏固定治疗移位型桡骨远端骨折的效果，阐明本牵引夹板治疗原理。方法 将符合纳入标准、保守治疗70例移位型桡骨远端骨折随机分为实验组（牵引夹板固定，35例）和对照组（石膏固定，35例）。两组患者年龄、性别、骨折类型、固定时机和疼痛视觉模拟评分（VAS）等无统计学差异（P>0.05）。比较两组骨折愈合相关指标。结果 实验组再移位、不可接受移位和手术率少于对照组，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05），两组骨折愈合和外固定时间无统计学差异（P>0.05）。所有患者随访10～18个月，平均12.2个月，末次随访，实验组桡骨高度和尺偏角优于对照组，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05），而掌倾角、尺桡侧倾范围、腕屈伸范围、旋转范围、手握力、VAS、自行评估量表评分（patientrated wrist evaluation,PRWE）和腕关节功能（Gartland-Werley）优良率比较，无统计学差异（P>0.05）。结论牵引夹板较石膏固定能更好维持桡骨远端骨折位置和桡骨高度，减少再移位和手术率。     

三种不同固定方式治疗桡骨远端粉碎性骨折的骨愈合

背景：目前研究认为桡骨远端骨折保守治疗对腕关节功能恢复有明显的影响,临床上治疗多倾向于解剖复位桡骨远端关节面、恢复掌倾角及尺偏角,从而有益于腕关节功能恢复。 目的：评价3种不同方式固定桡骨远端粉碎性骨折后腕关节结构功能恢复差异及其优缺点。 方法：临床收治桡骨远端粉碎性骨折患者88例,其中闭合复位石膏外固定35例,闭合复位外固定架外固定28例,切开复位钢板内固定25例,分别对骨折愈合时间、腕关节骨性解剖结构及功能恢复程度进行评估。 结果与结论：所治患者均获骨愈合,愈合时间石膏组为(11.2±2.8)周,外固定架组为(11.8±3.0)周,钢板组为(10.8±2.6)周,外固定架组、钢板组与石膏组比较,差异无显著性意义(P > 0.05);术后6个月X射线评价钢板组桡骨远端掌倾角及尺偏角大于外固定架组、石膏组,差异有显著性意义(P < 0.05);固定后6个月腕关节功能按改良Gartland and Werley评分标准评价优良率,石膏组为54%,外固定架组为75%,钢板组为92%,外固定架组、石膏组与钢板组比较,差异有显著性意义(P < 0.05)。结果可见3种方式固定桡骨远端粉碎性骨折后骨愈合时间无明显差异,钢板内固定治疗能有效维持桡骨远端骨性解剖结构,对腕关节功能恢复优于外固定架及石膏外固定。     

手法复位外固定架治疗老年桡骨远端不稳定骨折34例分析

传统的手法复位石膏或夹板外固定对于不稳定性桡骨远端骨折固定后常常造成复位丢失,出现桡骨短缩及骨折再移位,导致骨折畸形愈合,腕关节功能障碍。2006年5月至2008年5月,我科应用手法加撬拨复位结合外固定架固定治疗老年桡骨远端不稳定骨折34例,疗效满意,现报告如下。     

Topical organization of the projections of neurons of the substantia nigra and the ventral field of the tegmentum of the midbrain to the head of the caudate nucleus of the cat

Neuroscience and Behavioral Physiology -     

Asymmetry of the internal connections of the striate cortex of the cat in the projection zone of the center of the field of vision

Studies were carried out on the organization of the internal connections of the striate cortex in cats in the projection zone of the center (0–5°) of the field of vision by microintophoretic application of horseradish peroxidase to electrophysiologically identified orientational columns. The area containing neurons showing retrograde labeling in most cases extended in the mediolateral direction. Labeled cells were located in the upper (II, III) and lower (V, VI) layers of the cortex, and the shapes and orientations of the areas containing labeled neurons in these layers coincided. Spatial asymmetry was detected in the distribution of labeled neurons relative to the orientational column studied. Labeled cells were located predominantly medial to the columns, regardless of the distance from the projection of the area centralis. Considering the visuotopical map of field 17, the asymmetry detected here provides evidence that neurons in orientational columns have more extensive connections with neurons of the peripheral part of the cortex. An asymmetrical distribution of “silent” zones around the receptive fields of neurons in orientational columns is suggested, and that these appear to receive influences from the periphery of the visual field. Laboratory of Visual Physiology and Laboratory of Central Nervous System Morphology, I. P. Pavlov Institute of Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 6 Makarov Bank, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia. Translated from Fiziologicheskii Zhurnal imeni I. M. Sechenova, Vol. 82, No. 12, pp. 23–29, December, 1996.     

Characteristics of the topographic interrelation of the head of the pancreas and the duodenum and pathology of the organs of the pancreatoduodenal area

Seventy pancreatoduodenal complexes of 55 patients with chronic pancreatitis and tumours of this zone and 15 patients died from other diseases are studies histotopographically . The pieces of the pancreatic head tissue in the medial wall of the duodenum were found in 12 cases of the first group and in 4 control cases. The pancreatic tissue consisted either of all elements of this organ or cystically dilated ducts and seemed to infiltrate different layers of the duodenum wall. Three variants of the pancreatic head structure are suggested on the basis of anatomo-topographical interrelationships of the pancreatic head and duodenum. In 12 out of 14 cases chronic pancreatitis and carcinoma of organs of this zone were combined with the variants of the pancreatic head structure, in 2 cases there was a true heterotopy . Pathogenetic significance of these variants for the development of chronic pancreatitis is discussed.     

Influence of the level of the transmembrane potential on the dynamics of the extinction of the amplitude of the synaptic reactions of the snail under voltage clamping conditions

The influence of the level of the transmembrane potential on the dynamics of the extinction of the amplitudes of summary excitatory postsynaptic currents arising in identified giant parietal neurons in response to rhythmic stimulation of the intestinal nerve was investigated in a preparation of the isolated CNS of the common snail in order to identify the possibility of the participation of the postsynaptic element in synaptic plasticity. It was demonstrated that, at a greater value of the transmembrane potential, the decrease in the amplitudes of the postsynaptic currents which have been induced by rhythmic stimulation takes place more rapidly. It was also demonstrated that at a higher frequency of stimulation of the nerve, the effect of the influence of the membrane potential level on the dynamics of the synaptic reactions is more prominent. The data obtained may be regarded as an argument in favor of the possibility of the participation of the post-synapse in plasticity. This study was partially supported by the Russian Basic Research Fund (project No. 94-04-12209). Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow. Translated from Zhurnal Vysshei Nervnoi Deyatel'nosti imeni I. P. Pavlova, Vol. 45, No. 1, pp. 171–179, January–February, 1995.     

Effects of the lesion of the postcommissural part of the septum on the behavior of the rat.

The effects of the lesion of the postcommissural part of the septum on behavior of the rat has been studied. Results may be summarized as follows. An increase in the exploratory behavior in the open field which decreases rapidly; a decrease in the number of defecations in this test and a decrease in time leaving a dark environment for exploration. In the shuttle box test, no facilitation of the acquisition, but a permanent and quite significant increase in the intertrial activity has been found. We conclude that the lesions tend to decrease the emotivity of the subjects. An interpretation on the basis of the species -- specific defensive reactions explains the transitory and permanent effects of the lesions on the spontaneous activity.     

Effect of the conditions of adaptation of the optic analyzer to the function of the thermoreceptors of the human skin

Summary A discussion is presented of the effect produced by light stimulation applied to the optic analyzer alone on the function of the temperature analyzer. The cutaneous-temperature analyzer was kept on constant illumination and temperature. The light effects from the retinal photoreceptors on the cutaneous thermoceptor system led to reflex changes of the functional rate of the latter. Conditions of the optic analyzer of light adaptation caused reflex adjustment of cold receptors as to heating. Dark adaptation of the eyes changed the functional state of the cold receptors, corresponding to their adjustment to low temperatures.(Presented by Active Member AMN SSSR V. V. Parin) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 57, No. 3, pp. 3–6, March, 1964