耳内镜下耳屏软骨-软骨膜和耳屏软骨膜修补鼓膜大穿孔疗效分析

目的 探讨耳内镜下耳屏软骨-软骨膜和耳屏软骨膜修补鼓膜大穿孔的疗效。方法 回顾2020年1月～2021年12月在扬州大学临床医学院接受鼓膜修补手术的97例(97耳)患者,随机分成两组,分别为采用耳内镜下耳屏软骨-软骨膜修补鼓膜穿孔48例和采用耳内镜下耳屏软骨膜修补鼓膜穿孔49例,术后1、3、6、12个月复查,至少随访3个月以上。比较两组术后3个月以上鼓膜愈合率及听力情况。结果术后3个月软骨-软骨膜组鼓膜愈合率95.83%(46/48),软骨膜组鼓膜愈合率95.92%(47/49)(χ²=0.000,P>0.05);术后3个月平均气导阈值均较术前提高,两组差异无统计学意义(t=-0.404,P>0.05)。结论 耳内镜下软骨-软骨膜修补鼓膜穿孔与软骨膜修补疗效相当,是一种有效的手术方法,值得临床推广。     

应用不同自体材料行单纯鼓膜修补的疗效比较

目的探讨3种自体材料行单纯鼓膜修补术的疗效。方法对107耳单纯鼓膜穿孔患者,随机选用自体颞肌筋膜、耳屏软骨膜、耳屏软骨-软骨膜复合物3种材料行鼓膜修补术,对愈合效果和听力结果进行分析。结果①鼓膜小穿孔者,3种修补材料的愈合效果和听力结果无差异;②鼓膜大穿孔者,术后Ⅰ期愈合耳屏软骨-软骨膜复合物组明显高于颞肌筋膜和耳屏软骨膜组（P〈0.05）,1年后颞肌筋膜和耳屏软骨膜组修补的鼓膜有不同程度的再穿孔和内陷粘连,早期听力结果颞肌筋膜和耳屏软骨膜组要好于耳屏软骨-软骨膜复合物组,但术后1年无差异。结论修补鼓膜小穿孔,3种自体材料无差异;修补鼓膜大穿孔时,耳屏软骨-软骨膜复合物明显好于另2种材料。     

耳内镜下耳屏软骨-软骨膜治疗鼓膜穿孔的临床研究

目的比较耳内镜下耳屏软骨-软骨膜鼓膜修补术和传统显微镜下颞肌筋膜鼓膜修补术的疗效。方法回顾2011年1月至2014年12月于我科接受鼓膜修补术的患者460例,按手术方式分为2组,一组耳内镜下耳屏软骨-软骨膜鼓膜修补术(耳内镜组),共242例(242耳),另一组显微镜下颞肌筋膜鼓膜修补术(显微镜组),共218例(218耳)。比较两组手术时间、术中出血量,术后1个月、3-6个月、1-2年鼓膜愈合率的情况。结果耳内镜组平均手术时间(43.5±14.2)min,平均术中出血量(5.2±1.8)ml,而显微镜组平均手术时间(84.0±13.5)min,平均术中出血量为(15.0±4.1)ml,差异均有统计学意义(t=-6.55,P<0.01;t=-12.14,P<0.01);术后1个月耳内镜组鼓膜愈合率为94.21%,显微镜组为91.74%;术后3-6个月、术后1-2年随访,长期鼓膜愈合率耳内镜组和显微镜组鼓膜愈合率分别为92.15%和89.45%,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论耳内镜下耳屏软骨-软骨膜修补鼓膜穿孔可以获得较好的愈合率,是一种有效的手术方法,值得一定范围内临床推广。     

耳屏软骨-软骨膜在鼓室成形术中的应用

目的探讨用耳屏软骨-软骨膜行鼓室成形术的疗效。方法对52例(52耳)鼓膜穿孔患者用自体耳屏软骨-软骨膜复合体重建鼓膜,并根据听骨链是否完整及鼓膜是否残存而采取了不同的术式,并于1年后复查纯音听阈,对结果进行分析。结果52耳手术后一个月鼓膜穿孔均愈合。术后随访1～3年,除3耳鼓膜再穿孔外,余均愈合,纯音测听示术后较术前气骨导差平均缩小16dB。结论耳屏软骨-软骨膜复合体是修复鼓膜大穿孔的理想材料,其远期愈合率高,听力恢复满意,效果稳定。     

软骨软骨膜在鼓膜修补中的应用

目的探讨鼓膜大穿孔采用软骨-软骨膜修补的方法及临床疗效。方法36例（40耳）鼓膜大穿孔（软骨-软骨膜组）采用软骨-软骨膜行鼓膜修补术并与同期46例（46耳）颞肌筋膜鼓膜修补术（颞肌筋膜组）进行比较。软骨-软骨膜组采用耳后切口,切取耳廓软骨-软骨膜,然后将软骨切成2～3条,将其相互部分重叠修复穿孔,修补鼓膜,同期行听骨链重建。结果随访1年,软骨-软骨膜组鼓膜穿孔愈合率为95.0%（38/40）;筋膜组鼓膜穿孔愈合率为89.1%（41/46）,两组相比无统计学意义（χ2=0.288,P=0.592）。颞肌筋膜组17耳鼓膜有钙化斑中,5耳穿孔未愈,占29.4%（5/17）;软骨-软骨膜组20耳鼓膜有钙化斑,其中1耳穿孔未愈,占5.0%（1/20）。两组鼓膜有钙化斑的病例鼓膜穿孔愈合率相比有统计学意义（χ2=4.031,P=0.045）。术后1年复查软骨-软骨膜组纯音听力平均气导听阈为36.9dB,平均骨气导差为17.8dB;筋膜组纯音听力平均气导听阈为35.5dB,平均骨气导差为15.9dB。两组比较无统计学意义（t=2.103,P=0.85）。结论软骨-软骨膜修补鼓膜穿孔是一种可靠的方法,其在修补鼓膜大穿孔和鼓膜伴有钙化斑的患者中有一定的优势。     

耳内镜下耳屏软骨-软骨膜与颞肌筋膜在鼓膜大穿孔修补对比研究

目的　探讨耳内镜下耳屏软骨-软骨膜与颞肌筋膜在鼓膜大穿孔修补术中临床应用的区别。方法　回顾性分析120例（120耳）2015年1月～2018年6月于我院住院诊断为慢性中耳炎,鼓膜穿孔达50%以上,并行耳内镜下鼓膜修补术患者。将患者分为两组,耳屏软骨-软骨膜组70例（70耳）采用耳屏软骨-软骨膜修补,颞肌筋膜组50例（50耳）采用颞肌筋膜修补。分析两组患者手术时间、住院天数、术后鼓膜修补愈合率、术后气骨导差的变化等,分析比较耳屏软骨-软骨膜与颞肌筋膜在鼓膜大穿孔修补中的 效果与价值。结果　耳内镜下A组手术时间比B组明显缩短,术中出血量明显减少,住院天数明显缩短,且两组鼓膜愈合率和听力改善无明显差异。结论　耳屏软骨-软骨膜在耳内镜下鼓膜大穿孔修补术中较颞肌筋膜有着较好的应用前景。     

内镜与显微镜下行耳屏软骨-软骨膜鼓膜修补术治疗鼓膜穿孔的比较分析

目的　探讨内镜与显微镜下行耳屏软骨-软骨膜鼓膜修补术治疗鼓膜穿孔的效果。方法　选取120例（120耳）鼓膜穿孔患者为研究对象,随机分为研究组和对照组,各60例。对照组患者接受显微镜下耳屏软骨-软骨膜鼓膜修补术,研究组患者接受内镜下耳屏软骨-软骨膜鼓膜修补术。比较两组术中出血量、手术时间、术前和术后6个月的气骨导差、气导听阈、术后鼓膜再穿孔发生率和术后并发症发生率。结果　研究组的术中出血量显著少于对照组（t =16.623,P <0.05）,手术时间显著短于对照组（t =18.848,P <0.05）;术前两组的气骨导差和气导听阈均无显著差异（t =0.050、0.060,P 均>0.05）,术后6个月研究组的气骨导差和气导听阈均显著低于对照组（t =5.558、4.856,P 均<0.05）;研究组的术后并发症发生率显著低于对照组（t =8.640,P <0.05）,两组的鼓膜再穿孔率无显著差异（t =0.209,P >0.05）。结论　相较显微镜下手术,内镜下行耳屏软骨-软骨膜鼓膜修补术治疗鼓膜穿孔的手术创伤更小、手术时间更短,可降低术后并发症发生率,有利于患者术后的听力恢复。     

软骨-软骨膜与颞肌筋膜修补鼓膜大穿孔的临床疗效分析

目的探讨软骨-软骨膜与颞肌筋膜修补鼓膜大穿孔的临床疗效。方法采用自体耳屏软骨-软骨膜作为移植材料修补鼓膜紧张部大穿孔46例（A组），采用颞肌筋膜修补鼓膜紧张部大穿孔42例（B组），对两组疗效进行分析对比。结果两组患者术后随访1年，软骨-软骨膜组鼓膜穿孔愈合率为97．83％（45／46）；颞肌筋膜组鼓膜穿孔愈合率为80．95％（34／42），两组比较差异具有统计学意义（X2=5．095，P=0．024）；软骨-软骨膜组纯音听力平均气导听阈为27．86dB，平均骨气导差为16．83dB；颞肌筋膜组纯音听力平均气导听阈为27．70dB，平均骨气导差为16．15dB，两组比较差异无统计学意义（X2=0．876，P=0．381）。结论采用耳屏软骨-软骨膜作修补材料，具有取材方便、便于植入、抗感染性强等特点，对修补鼓膜大穿孔者术后效果好，复发率低，值得临床推广。     

耳内镜下耳屏软骨-软骨膜修补鼓膜大穿孔临床疗效

目的探讨耳内镜下利用耳屏软骨-软骨膜修补鼓膜大穿孔的临床疗效。方法对我科收治的50例鼓膜穿孔的病人,采用自体耳屏软骨-软骨膜,在耳内镜下行Ⅰ型鼓室成形术,采用内衬法完成鼓膜修补。结果术后对50例患耳进行术后随访6~12个月,患者无耳鸣,气骨导听力下降,眩晕等。术后3个月复查,鼓膜穿孔愈合率为96%。术后一年复查无鼓膜再次穿孔,内陷,粘连,患者未诉听力下降。术前患者患耳平均听阈56.48 dB,术后3~6个月复查纯音测听,患者言语频率气导听力平均提高30.32 dB。患者术耳外观恢复良好,未见明显瘢痕增生及耳外形改变。结论耳内镜下耳屏软骨-软骨膜修补术操作相对简单,术野清晰,视野广,手术时间较短。且取自体耳屏软骨-软骨膜作为修补材料较方便,创伤小,符合美学标准。耳屏软骨-软骨膜抗感染能力强,听力恢复效果稳定。因此耳屏软骨-软骨膜是耳内镜下鼓膜大穿孔修补的最佳选择材料,值得推广。     

耳屏软骨-软骨膜鼓膜成形术的疗效观察

目的探讨耳屏软骨软-骨膜作为移植材料用于鼓膜大穿孔修补术的临床效果。方法对我院2006年4月～2009年4月收治的96例(96耳)鼓膜紧张部大穿孔病例，采用自体耳屏软骨-软骨膜作为移植材料完成I型鼓室成型术，所有病例均采用内植法I期完成，并与同期用颞肌筋膜修补的82耳相同病变进行比较。术后对鼓膜愈合情况、听力恢复效果等进行定期观察。结果软骨-软骨膜复合物行鼓膜修补术鼓膜愈合的长期有效率为97．9％（94/96)；颞肌筋膜组为96.3%(79/82)。两组的听力结果差异无统计学意义。随访2年，听力检测结果稳定。结论对于紧张部大穿孔的病例采用耳屏软骨-软骨膜复合物行鼓膜修复术是可行的，并获得满意的听力效果。     

The expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and VEGF‐C in early laryngeal cancer: relationship with radioresistance

The expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and VEGF‐C in early laryngeal cancer: relationship with radioresistance Angiogenesis is essential for tumour growth and invasion. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a prime mediator of tumour angiogenesis. VEGF‐C is a closely related protein that effects lymphatic endothelial cells and may be important in the process of lymphatic metastasis. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the expression of these cytokines in patients with T1 and T2a glottic, squamous cell carcinoma, in comparison with normal epithelial control tissue, to ascertain any association with radioresistance. Twenty‐two tumours treated by radiotherapy (13 radiosensitive, nine radioresistant) and seven normal control tissues were studied. The minimum follow‐up was 2 years after radiotherapy. Expression of VEGF and VEGF‐C was evaluated by immunohistochemistry of formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded biopsy specimens. Analysis was carried out using a quantitative computer image analyser. Both VEGF and VEGF‐C were detectable in tumour and normal control specimens. There was increased expression in tumour specimens of both VEGF (P = 0.03) and VEGF‐C (P < 0.001). In addition, the expression of VEGF‐C was associated with tumours of higher histological grade (P = 0.021). There was, however, no difference in VEGF and VEGF‐C expression between radioresistant and radiosensitive tumours. The expression of VEGF and VEGF‐C is increased in early laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). However, measuring the expression of these proteins cannot predict radioresistance in this tumour group.     

Treatment of Maxillary Sinus Carcinoma: Clinical Results Using the Kitasato Modality

The conventional therapeutic regimen for maxillary sinus carcinoma consists of dissection of the maxilla, full-dose irradiation and extensive chemotherapy. However, the results obtained with this treatment are often poor. Even when patients recover, their quality of life is significantly reduced as a result of deformity of facial structures and swallowing and articulation dysfunctions. A retrospective analysis of 68 patients with maxillary sinus carcinoma treated with the Kitasato modality between 1975 and 1999 was conducted. All patients underwent pergingival maxillary sinus surgery combined with pre- and postoperative irradiation therapy with standardized total doses of 16 Gy; the postoperative irradiation was given in combination with regional intra-arterial infusion chemotherapy administered via the superficial temporal artery. All visible tumor lesions were removed where possible in order to preserve or facilitate cellular immunity after surgery. The cumulative 5-year survival rates were 85.7% for Stage II patients, 88.1% for Stage III, 76.6% for Stage IVA and 75.0% for Stage IVB.     

Tongue Base Reduction with Temperature-controlled Radiofrequency Volumetric Tissue Reduction for Treatment of Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome

In recent years a considerable effort has been made to establish the use of different surgical techniques for the treatment of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS). Nevertheless, treatment of hypopharyngeal obstruction due to tongue base hypertrophy remains in many ways an unsolved problem. The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of tongue base reduction with temperature-controlled radiofrequency volumetric tissue reduction in the treatment of OSAS. Twenty patients with OSAS and tongue base hypertrophy were treated with radiofrequency tissue ablation. An intensified treatment protocol was used, delivering 2,800 J per treatment session under local anesthesia. Two nights of polysomnography testing were performed before and after treatment. Daytime sleepiness, snoring and postoperative morbidity were assessed using questionnaires. Mean respiratory disturbance index (RDI) was reduced from 32.1 to 24.9/h after a mean of 3.4 treatment sessions. Six patients (33%) were cured after the procedure (reduction in RDI of &#83 50% and a postoperative RDI of <15/h) and ten (55%) showed an improvement of >20% in their RDI. Daytime sleepiness and snoring improved significantly. Peri- and postoperative morbidity was low; one severe complication occurred (tongue base abscess). We were able to achieve similar cure and responder rates to those reported in a recently published pilot study but with a reduced number of treatment sessions. We believe that this technique may improve patient acceptance and have beneficial cost implications.     

Cervical Reflex Induced by Click Stimuli in Cats

We studied click-evoked potentials in the anterior horn of the spinal cord in 17 cats. A concentric needle electrode was inserted into the anterior horn of the spinal cord at levels C3-C6. Potentials evoked with 105 dB SPL clicks were recorded with a peak latency of 4.89-5.10 ms only at the C3 level. These responses were observed 45-60 dB SPL above the auditory brainstem response (ABR) threshold, and no potentials were evoked by stimulation of the contralateral ear. Average was performed 100 times with changes in stimulation frequency of 1-20 Hz. The amplitude of the potentials decreased with increasing stimulus frequency, but there were no changes in ABRs. The responses disappeared after destruction of the medial vestibulospinal tract at the obex level, but ABRs were still recorded. The spinal nucleus of the accessory nerves was located in the anterior horn of the spinal cord at levels C1-C6, and the sternocleidomastoid muscle motoneurons were found at levels C1-C3. The click-evoked potentials recorded in this study reflect responses of the spinal nucleus of accessory nerves through the vestibulospinal tract to click stimulation. The responses have the same characteristics as vestibular-evoked myogenic potentials that can be recorded using surface electrodes over the sternocleidomastoid muscles of humans.     

Lack of significant estrogen and progesterone receptor expression in nasal telangiectasias in hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia: an immunohistochemical analysis

Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is characterized by snoring and apnea during sleep leading to decreased oxygen saturation and disturbed sleep, excessive daytime sleepiness and neuropsychological disturbances. This study investigates cognitive neuropsychological abilities in a group of 53 OSAS patients before and after treatment with uvulopalatopharyngoplasty. General intellectual ability, verbal learning and memory as well as executive functioning were measured at baseline and 6 months postoperatively. After surgery there were significant improvements in verbal learning and memory (mean change - 39, SD 57.3, p <0.001), recall (mean change - 24.3, SD 39.3, p <0.001) and executive functioning (as assessed by percentage of errors on the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test; mean change-9.1, SD 15.7, p <0.001). These improvements were in accordance with improvements in the degree of sleep apnea, the oxygen desaturation index (mean change -9.7, SD 15.9, p <0.001) and arterial minimum oxygen saturation (mean change 4.5%, SD 10.2%, p <0.01). Surgical treatment seems to improve verbal learning, memory and recall and executive functions in parallel with better oxygenation in OSAS.     

Measurement of chemosensory function

Although hundreds of thousands of patients seek medical help annually for disorders of taste and smell, relatively few medical practitioners quantitatively test their patients' chemosensory function, taking their complaints at face value. This is clearly not the approach paid to patients complaining of visual, hearing, or balance problems. Accurate chemosensory testing is essential to establish the nature, degree, and veracity of a patient's complaint, as well as to aid in counseling and in monitoring the effectiveness of treatment strategies and decisions. In many cases, patients perseverate on chemosensory loss that objective assessment demonstrates has resolved. In other cases, patients are malingering. Olfactory testing is critical for not only establishing the validity and degree of the chemosensory dysfunction, but for helping patients place their dysfunction into perspective relative to the function of their peer group. It is well established, for example, that olfactory dysfunction is the rule, rather than the exception, in members of the older population. Moreover, it is now apparent that such dysfunction can be an early sign of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's. Importantly, older anosmics are three times more likely to die over the course of an ensuring five-year period than their normosmic peers, a situation that may be averted in some cases by appropriate nutritional and safety counseling. This review provides the clinician, as well as the academic and industrial researcher, with an overview of the available means for accurately assessing smell and taste function, including up-to-date information and normative data for advances in this field.