以旋股外侧动脉高位皮支为蒂的股前外侧皮瓣的临床应用

目的报道应用以旋股外侧动脉横支高位皮支为血管蒂的股前外侧皮瓣游离移植修复软组织缺损的临床效果。方法对7例术中发现旋股外侧动脉降支皮支细小或缺如时，改用以旋股外侧动脉横支发出的高位皮支为血管蒂游离移植股前外侧皮瓣修复前臂、手部、小腿及足部软组织缺损，切取皮瓣的范围为15cm×6cm～28cm×13cm，并带部分肌瓣、骼胫柬以及股外侧皮神经，骨折分别行内固定或外固定。结果本组7例术后股前外侧皮瓣全部成活，一期修复后外观、感觉、功能均达到优良，患肢功能恢复良好。结论以旋股外侧动脉横支高位皮支为血管蒂的股前外侧皮瓣是一种血供可靠、切取范围大、部位隐蔽、可带肌肉及股外侧皮神经的皮瓣；当旋股外侧动脉降支皮支细小或缺如时，以此高位皮支为血管蒂游离移植股前外侧皮瓣，是一种确实可靠的手术方法。     

以旋股外侧动脉横支为蒂的股前外侧皮瓣修复四肢皮肤软组织缺损

目的探讨以旋股外侧动脉横支为蒂的股前外侧皮瓣修复四肢皮肤软组织缺损的临床效果。方法回顾性分析2020年4月至2021年3月苏州大学附属瑞华医院采用旋股外侧动脉横支为蒂的股前外侧皮瓣修复四肢创面的患者临床资料。术前以彩色多普勒超声定位股前外侧区穿支, 术中按照传统方法制备股前外侧皮瓣时, 发现穿支偏细, 口径不能满足血管吻合需求, 继续向上延长切口, 于大腿中上段寻找合适穿支, 并调整皮瓣设计, 切取以旋股外侧动脉横支为蒂的股前外侧皮瓣修复术区创面。股前外侧供区直接拉拢缝合。术后定期随访, 记录供区愈合与受区皮瓣存活情况, 根据综合评价量表评分标准评估皮瓣修复效果, 分为优(90～100分)、良(75～89分)、可(60～74分)、差(<60分)。结果共纳入13例四肢创伤患者, 男9例, 女4例, 年龄20～65岁, 其中手及前臂创面4例, 足踝部创面9例, 皮肤软组织缺损面积为7 cm×4 cm ～ 31 cm×8 cm。13例皮瓣术中可见横支发出18条皮穿支, 其中肌间隙皮穿支10条, 直接皮穿支8条。切取皮瓣面积为8 cm×6 cm～32 cm×10 cm, 1例皮瓣发生动脉...     

股前外侧皮瓣移植修复足背皮肤缺损

目的:探讨游离股前外侧皮瓣移植修复足背皮肤缺损的临床疗效。方法:解剖游离以旋股外侧动脉降支为血管蒂的股前外侧皮瓣,移植修复11例足背皮肤缺损,男8例,女3例;年龄20~51岁。旋股外侧动脉及其伴行静脉与胫前动静脉对端吻合,皮瓣切取面积最大20 cm×10 cm,最小12 cm×8 cm。结果:11例皮瓣全部成活,术后随访6~24个月,移植皮瓣外形及功能恢复满意。按其外形、感觉、运动、疼痛及负重行走等下肢功能评价:优5例,良4例,可2例。结论:股前外侧皮瓣具有血供可靠,血管蒂长,切取面积大,部位隐蔽,不损伤主要血管等优点,是修复足背皮肤缺损的理想方法之一。     

高位皮动脉型股前外侧皮瓣的临床应用

目的探讨股前外侧皮瓣在缺乏第1肌皮动脉穿支或皮支细小时皮瓣移植的临床效果。方法临床应用高位皮动脉为血管蒂的股前外侧游离皮瓣修复四肢软组织缺损9例。结果8例成活，1例皮瓣边缘部分坏死，经换药愈合。术后随访6～18个月，移植的皮瓣色泽、质地良好，无破溃，修复肢体的外观、功能满意。结论当股前外侧皮瓣在缺乏第1肌皮动脉穿支或皮支细小时，应用高位皮动脉作为血管蒂的股前外侧游离皮瓣，具有血供可靠、切取面积大、修复四肢软组织缺损临床效果好的特点。     

股前外侧皮瓣联合小腿外侧皮瓣修复下肢大面积软组织缺损

目的 探讨股前外侧皮瓣联合小腿外侧皮瓣游离移植修复下肢软组织大面积缺损的临床疗效.方法 设计应用股前外侧皮瓣和小腿外侧皮瓣联合游离移植治疗小腿软组织大面积缺损8例,其中,切取股前外侧皮瓣面积21 cm×12 cm～27 cm×18 cm.小腿外侧皮瓣面积20 cm×8 cm～26 cm×15 cm .结果 8例16块皮瓣全部成活,术后皮瓣外形良好,患肢功能恢复较理想,取得良好效果.结论 应用股前外侧皮瓣联合小腿外侧皮瓣游离移植修复小腿大面积软组织缺损,可获得较好的临床效果.     

游离旋股外侧动脉降支穿支皮瓣修复小腿及足踝部软组织缺损15例

目的探讨采用游离旋股外侧动脉降支穿支皮瓣移植修复小腿及足踝部软组织缺损的临床效果。方法 2015年10月-2019年9月,对15例小腿及足踝部软组织缺损患者,均采用游离旋股外侧动脉降支穿支皮瓣完全或部分修复。本组病例创面均位于小腿中下段2/3及足踝部,皮瓣切取面积:8cm×12cm～10 cm×25 cm。结果术后14例皮瓣成活良好,1例皮瓣远端坏死,经换药后愈合。术后随访6～18个月,皮瓣成活良好,质地柔软,受区外观良好,供区愈合良好,患肢功能良好。结论对于小腿及足踝部软组织缺损创面,游离旋股外侧动脉降支穿支皮瓣移植修复临床效果满意。     

桥式交叉"Y"形血管吻合游离股前外侧肌皮瓣移植修复小腿严重软组织缺损

目的 探讨桥式交叉"Y"形血管吻合游离股前外侧肌皮瓣手术方法和临床效果.方法 应用桥式交叉"Y"形血管吻合游离股前外侧肌皮瓣移植修复小腿严重软组织缺损6例.结果 皮瓣全部成活,随访8～26个月(平均13个月).皮瓣质地良好,疗效满意.健侧小腿经临床观察与多普勒检查和血管造影证实胫后动脉通畅.结论 利用旋股外侧动脉"Y"形血管蒂与健侧小腿胫后血管吻合,可以修复患侧小腿大面积软组织缺损.     

双侧股前外侧皮瓣临床应用的体会

目的 报道应用双侧股前外侧皮瓣修复大面积皮肤软组织缺损的临床治疗效果.方法 对大面积皮肤软组织缺损创面4例,实施双侧股前外侧皮瓣带蒂移位或游离移植修复,切取皮瓣面积最大为34 cm×17 cm.结果 皮瓣全部成活,术后随访1～2年.修复部位,外观,功能较满意.结论 双侧股前外侧皮瓣,是修复大面积皮肤软组织缺损创而的理想方法之一.     

血管蒂延长技术在股前外侧逆行岛状皮瓣中的应用

目的 介绍一种股前外侧逆行岛状皮瓣移位术中延长血管蒂的技术,评价其临床应用效果.方法2003年1月～2006年1月,收治6例膝关节周围软组织缺损患者.男5例,女1例;年龄18～49岁.创伤后软组织缺损3例,软组织肿瘤切取后1例,膝关节人工假体置换后裸露2例.软组织缺损范围8 cm×4 cm～15 cm×6 cm.在行股前外侧逆行岛状皮瓣移位时,将旋股外侧动脉的升支作为皮瓣的营养血管,与营养血管共干的降支同时向远端分离,在升支与降支分叉部的近侧结扎旋股外侧血管的主干,皮瓣血管蒂即延长,逆行移位修复创面.皮瓣切取范围10 cm×6 cm～18 cm×8 cm.结果 术中6例皮瓣切取顺利,血管蒂长度较以单纯降支为蒂延长8～12 cm,平均10 cm.术后无血管危象发生,移位皮瓣均成活.患者均获随访6～18个月,皮瓣色泽、质地与受区相似,膝关节伸屈功能恢复正常.结论 应用血管蒂延长技术,可以扩大股前外侧逆行岛状皮瓣移位应用范围,皮瓣成活率不受影响.     

桥式交叉“Y”形血管吻合游离股前外侧肌皮瓣移植修复小腿严重软组织缺损

目的探讨桥式交叉“Y”形血管吻合游离股前外侧肌皮瓣手术方法和临床效果。方法应用桥式交叉“Y”形血管吻合游离股前外侧肌皮瓣移植修复小腿严重软组织缺损6例。结果皮瓣全部成活,随访8-26个月（平均13个月）。皮瓣质地良好,疗效满意。健侧小腿经临床观察与多普勒检查和血管造影证实胫后动脉通畅。结论利用旋股外侧动脉“Y”形血管蒂与健侧小腿胫后血管吻合,可以修复患侧小腿大面积软组织缺损。     

以旋股外侧动脉降支为蒂的穿支嵌合皮瓣修复口腔颌面部缺损

目的 设计以旋股外侧动脉降支为蒂的股部皮肤穿支血管的嵌合皮瓣,为修复口腔颌面部的大面积、复杂的洞穿性缺损提供一种新的方法.方法 根据旋股外侧动脉降支的走行及分支、其在股部正面及两侧可能存在的皮肤穿支血管,设计以旋股外侧动脉降支为蒂的穿支嵌合皮瓣修复口腔颌面部软组织缺损8例.此种皮瓣可分为3种类型:股前外侧皮瓣+股前内侧皮瓣、股前外侧皮瓣+股直肌穿支皮瓣、股前外侧皮瓣+股前外侧皮瓣.结果 术后8例16块皮瓣均成活,无并发症,且供区均直接拉拢缝合,未行皮片移植.术后随访1～9个月,患者面部外形和功能均良好,供区畸形和功能障碍均不明显.结论 以旋股外侧动脉降支为血管蒂的穿支嵌合皮瓣吻合血管数量少,较切取2个皮瓣供区损伤小,组织量大,适合口腔颌面部大型复杂的组织缺损的修复.     

组合组织瓣移植在小腿毁损伤保肢治疗中的应用

目的总结组合组织瓣移植在小腿毁损伤保肢治疗中的经验。方法对7例创伤性小腿毁损伤患者在全身情况稳定下,经过彻底清创、固定骨折、控制创腔感染后,应用相应肌皮瓣或皮瓣组合移植,修复肢体大面积组织缺损。其中两块股前外侧肌皮瓣组合移植4例,股前外侧肌皮瓣与胸脐皮瓣组合移植2例,股前外侧肌皮瓣与远端蒂腓肠神经营养血管肌皮瓣组合移植1例。单块组织瓣面积最大为27cm×13cm,最小12cm×7cm。3例为旋股外侧血管降支与受区IAL管吻合,4例因受区无合适可供吻合的血管而选择健侧胫后血管行桥式交叉吻合移植。结果7例手术均获成功,严重组织缺损得以重建修复,毁损肢体得以挽救。随访9个月～11年,患者生活可以自理,社会生活正常。结论应用组合组织瓣移植修复重建肢体创伤后毁损伤,是挽救肢体有效的方法。     

Versatility of the free anterolateral thigh flap: clinical experience in a series of 20 patients

The main nutrient vessel of the anterolateral thigh flap is the perforator originating from the descending branch of the lateral circumflex femoral artery (LCFA). It supplies a large area of skin on the anterolateral aspect of the thigh. We present the experience of 20 consecutive anterolateral thigh flaps used for a variety of soft tissue defects. Fourteen flaps were used for lower leg reconstruction, four in the head and neck, and the remaining two in the hand. The largest flap was 30᎗ cm. All flaps survived except two which had partial skin necrosis, but the underlying adipose tissue survived and was grafted. Reexploration was needed for one patient in whom a thrombus blocking the vein was removed, and the flap survived completely. The anterolateral thigh flap has the advantage of a long vascular pedicle, large-caliber vessels, availability of a large skin flap area, and suitability as a flow-through flap.     

股前外侧皮瓣远侧肌皮穿支的解剖学研究与临床应用

目的 研究供养股前外侧皮瓣的远侧肌皮穿支的解剖特征及其在股前外侧皮瓣移植中的应用价值.方法 2007年7月至2009年12月,对10例新鲜尸体及96例应用股前外侧皮瓣修复创面病例的远侧肌皮支进行解剖学观察.临床应用股前外侧远侧肌皮穿支皮瓣修复四肢软组织缺损35例,男19例,女16例;年龄28～55岁,平均38.5岁;单瓣20例,分叶皮瓣15例.单瓣切取面积7 cm×15cm～9 cm×25 cm,分叶皮瓣切取面积5 cm×7 cm～8 cm×20 cm.皮瓣切取时间1～1.5 h.结果 组织瓣移植全部成活32例,部分性坏死3例.术后随访6～11个月,平均7.8个月.1例患者术后早期主诉膝关节不稳定感,术后6个月改善.尸体解剖研究发现:位于髂前上棘与髌骨外上缘连线远1/4段内的皮支均以肌皮穿支的形式出现,肌皮支穿出部位靠近股外侧肌前内缘,不超过肌肉横径1/2,一般在肌肉横径的1/3以内;远侧肌皮支主要来源于旋股外侧血管降支,1例2侧来源于股动脉,1例2侧来源于股深动脉穿支.临床解剖观察发现:94例出现2～5个远侧肌皮穿支,2例无远侧肌皮穿支,其主干旋股外侧动脉降支变异为直接肌皮支,近端有肌间隔肌皮支出现.结论 远侧肌皮穿支相对恒定,可以作为股前外侧皮瓣近侧肌皮支缺如病例的替代血管,也是实现分叶皮瓣移植的解剖基础.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the anatomical characteristics and clinical application of the distal musculocutaneous perforators derived from the descending branch of lateral circumflex femoral artery in the anterolateral thigh flap transplantation. Methods From July 2007 to December 2009, the anatomic variations of musculocutaneous perforator were investigated in 96 cases who received anterolateral thigh flap and 10 preserved cadavers. Thirty-five cases who received the anterolateral thigh flap using the distal musculocutaneous perforators were included in the study. There were 19 males and 16 females. The age ranged from 28-55 years old, with an average of 38.5 years old. Single flap was used in 20 cases while lobulated flap in 15 cases. Single flap area ranged from 7 cm×15 cm to 9 cm×25 cm, lobulated flap ranged from 5 cm×7 cm to 8 cm×20 cm. Results The cadaver study found that the most musculocutaneous perforators were concentrated in the far fourth of the anterolateral thigh region. The musculocutaneous perforators commonly arose from the the lateral femoral circumflex artery. The perforator arose directly from the femoral artery or the deep femoral artery in one case separately. In the clinical study, 2-5 musculocutaneous perforators were found in 94 cases but not in the other 2 cases. The descending branch of lateral circumflex femoral artery became the direct m musculocutaneous perforator. The proximal intermuscularseptum perforator was found in 2 cases. Postoperative follow-up time ranged from 6-11 months. All flaps survived in the follow-up.Marginal necrosis was found in 3 cases. Only 1 case had complained of knee joint instability. Conclusion The results of this study suggest that the vascular anatomy of the distal musculocutaneous perforator was reliable. The perforator may serve as an option for proximal one in anterolateral thigh flap transplantation.     

Extended anterolateral thigh pedicled flap for reconstruction of trochanteric and gluteal defects: A new & innovative approach for reconstruction

Descending branch of the lateral circumflex femoral artery (LCFA) is commonly used pedicle for anterolateral thigh (ALT) flap. Oblique branch of LCFA is an alternative pedicle that can be used in microvascular surgery. According to review of literature and to the best of our knowledge we could not find the use of oblique branch of LCFA as a pedicle of the ALT flap in regional soft tissue reconstruction. Here we presented a case of a 55-year-old man sustaining soft tissue injury and wound over the left trochanteric and gluteal region following a road traffic accident, who was treated by the use of extended ALT pedicle flap with oblique branch of LCFA as the pedicle for reconstruction of soft tissue defect in trochanteric and gluteal regions with successful outcome.     

股前外侧游离皮瓣桥接修复上肢大面积皮肤血管缺损

目的 探讨上肢大面积皮肤合并主干血管缺损的修复方法.方法 利用股前外侧皮瓣血管蒂的解剖特点,在修复上肢大面积皮肤缺损的同时,用旋股外侧血管降支的终末支或粗大肌支桥接修复上肢主干供血血管.结果 自2003年以来,于临床应用5例,术后皮瓣全部成活,随访8～24个月,皮瓣质地柔软,肢体外形及关节功能恢复满意.肢体远端及皮瓣的血液循环不受天气影响,桡动脉、尺动脉搏动有力,供区未见明显功能障碍.结论 股前外侧皮瓣是修复上肢大面积皮肤合并血管缺损的较佳选择.     

An anterolateral thigh flap based on the superior cutaneous perforator artery: an anatomic study and case reports

This study was performed to observe the patterns of the superior perforator artery as a pedicle for an anterolateral thigh flap and report the results of clinical application. The perforator arteries at the anterolateral part of the thigh were observed on 50 lower limbs from embalmed cadavers and the results of 65 clinical cases who received transfer of the anterolateral thigh flap, which adopted the superior perforator artery as the pedicle. This study found that 34 superior perforator arteries presented in 29 of the 50 cadaveric limbs (58%), which might arise from the ascending branch, the transverse branch, and the descending branch of the lateral circumflex femoral artery. All flaps of the 65 clinical cases survived postoperatively. Our results showed that the superior perforator artery has a high occurrence and a relative constant location. We thought that it could be adopted as a complement of the conventional perforator artery.     

Scalp free flap reconstruction using anterolateral thigh flap pedicle for interposition artery and vein grafts

We experienced satisfactory outcomes by synchronously transplanting an artery and vein using an anterolateral thigh flap pedicle between the vascular pedicle and recipient vessel of a flap for scalp reconstruction. A 45-year-old man developed a subdural hemorrhage due to a fall injury. In this patient, the right temporal cranium was missing and the patient had 4×3 cm and 6×5 cm scalp defects. We planned a scalp reconstruction using a latissimus dorsi free flap. Intraoperatively, there was a severe injury to the right superficial temporal vessel because of previous neurosurgical operations. A 15 cm long pedicle defect was needed to reach the recipient facial vessels. For the vascular graft, the descending branch of the lateral circumflex femoral artery and two venae comitantes were harvested.The flap survived well and the skin graft was successful with no notable complications. When an interposition graft is needed in the reconstruction of the head and neck region for which mobility is mandatory to a greater extent, a sufficient length of graft from an anterolateral flap pedicle could easily be harvested. Thus, this could contribute to not only resolving the disadvantages of a venous graft but also to successfully performing a vascular anastomosis.     

以旋股外侧动脉降支供血的游离组织瓣修复小腿软组织缺损

目的 探讨以旋股外侧动脉降支逆行转位供血的游离组织瓣修复严重的小腿创伤伴软组织缺损的临床效果.方法 对小腿软组织损伤严重且无可携带游离组织瓣的血管,以旋股外侧动脉降支的远端为蒂,将其近端与游离组织瓣的动脉吻接,大隐静脉或小隐静脉与游离组织瓣的动脉伴行静脉吻接,2004年10月至2009年12月,采用该方法修复小腿软组织缺损36例,其中携带背阔肌肌皮瓣15例,股前外侧皮瓣12例,胸脐皮瓣9例.结果 36例游离皮瓣(肌皮瓣)均顺利成活,无一例出现血管危象,随访6个月至2.5年,皮瓣外形及功能恢复均较满意.结论 在小腿无可供吻合的血管时,应用以旋股外侧动脉降支逆行转位供血的游离组织瓣修复小腿软组织缺损,是一种切实有效的手术方法.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the therapeutic effect of free tissue flap anastomosed with reverse descendant branch of lateral femoral circumflex artery for severe soft tissue defect at leg. Methods The severe soft tissue defect at leg, without any vessels for anastomosis of free tissue flap, was reconstructed with free tissue flap, which was anastomosed with proximal end of descendant branch of lateral femoral circumflex artery and great saphenous vein. From Oct. 2004 to Dec. 2009, 36 cases were treated with 15 cases of latissimus dorsi musculocutaneous flaps, 12 cases of anterolateral femoral flaps,and 9 cases of thoracoumbilicus flaps. Results All the 36 free flaps survived completely. The patients were followed up for 6 months to 2. 5 years with good cosmetic results. Conclusions It is effective and practical to repair the severe soft tissue defects at legs with the reverse descendant branch of lateral femoral circumflex artery to carry the free flaps.