急性心肌梗死溶栓时间对疗效和预后的影响

目的研究急性心肌梗死(AMI)后不同溶栓治疗时间对疗效和预后的影响。方法 根据溶栓治疗距AMI发病的时间,将59例分为≤2小时(h)、2～6h和6～12h三组,溶栓后比较血管再通率、左室射血分数(LVEF)和5周死亡率。结果三组血管再通率分别为87.5%、50%和26.3%,三组间比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),后二组与前组比较也有显著性差异(P<0.05和P<0.005);LVEF分别为64.27±7.24%、42.09±12.78%和31.71±9.39%,三组间比较和两两比较均有显著性差异(均为P<0.01);5周死亡率分别为0、16.7%和42.1%,三组间比较有显著性差异(P<0.01),后二组与前组比较亦有显著性差异(均为P<0.005)。结论AMI溶栓治疗越早,血管再通率越高、越利于心功能的恢复、死亡率也越低,即疗效和预后越好。     

老年人急性心肌梗死发病后不同时间溶栓治疗对血管再通的影响

目的 :研究急性心肌梗死 (AMI)发病后不同时间溶栓治疗对血管再通的影响。方法 :1 69例 >70岁老年人 AMI静脉溶栓治疗患者 ,根据发病后不同时间溶栓分为≤ 2 h,>2～ 4h,>4～ 6h,>6～ 1 2 h和 >1 2～ 2 4 h5组。结果 :5组血管再通率分别为 80 .8%、75.6%、71 .0 %、47.6%和 46.2 % ,前 3组与后 2组间比较 ,差异有显著性意义 (P <0 .0 5) ;病死率分别为 0、2 .5%、9.6%、1 4.3%和 1 5.4% ;开始溶栓至血管再通所需的时间与发病至溶栓的时间呈正相关(P <0 .0 5) ,发病 2 h内为 (58.3± 2 4 ) min,6～ 1 2 h则为 (1 2 6± 30 .3) min。结论 :>70岁老年人AMI发病 6h内溶栓治疗 ,血管再通效果最好 ,但对于发病时间 >6h～ 1 2 h和 >1 2 h～ 2 4 h的患者溶栓治疗仍有较好的效果     

65岁以上急性心肌梗塞患者静脉溶栓治疗的有效性及其安全性探讨

目的:探讨65岁以上急性心肌梗塞(AMI)患者接受静脉溶栓治疗的临床疗效及安全性.方法:收集2年内410例AMI患者中,203例接受静脉溶栓及其余未溶者临床资料.结果:①接受溶栓治疗的69例>65岁比134例≤65岁AMI患者,血管再通率(65.2%vs 70.9%)、住院期病死率(11.6%vs 4.5%)及轻度出血(20.3%vs 11.2%),均无显著差异(P均>0.05);②溶栓比不溶栓者的病死率下降幅度在>65岁明显高于≤65岁者(16.7%vs 5.9%,P<0.025);③51例≥75岁患者中,19例(37.3%)接受溶栓,其血管再通率63.2%.死亡明显低于未溶者5.3%vs31.3%,P<0.05),无脑出血等严重溶栓并发症.④>65岁比≤65岁者接受溶栓比未溶患者之间病死率差值明显缩小(17.9%vs 7.1%).结论:>65岁AMI接受静脉溶栓治疗安全有效,而且受益可能更大.     

急性心肌梗塞院前重组链激酶的溶栓与救治

目的:探讨院前溶栓是否能明显缩短急性心肌梗塞(AMI)患者开始溶栓的时间,了解院前溶栓的可行性和安全性。方法:60例AMI患者被随机分为院前溶栓组和入院后溶栓组,各30例。院前溶栓组患者是在发病现场,诊断AMI后立即给重组链激酶150万U静脉点滴。AMI对照组的患者按常规迅速办入院手续,而后按上述方法立即溶栓。结果:从发病到开始溶栓的时间:院前溶栓组(104±43)min,入院后溶栓组组(256±121)min(P<0.01)。按临床标准判断冠状动脉再通率:立即溶栓组70.3%,对照组51.5%(P<0.01)。院前溶栓组的并发症无明显增加。结论:入院前溶栓明显缩短AMI患者开始溶栓的时间,增加冠状动脉的再通率,安全可行。     

急性心肌梗死早期尿激酶静脉溶栓的临床研究

目的观察急性心肌梗死(AMI)早期尿激酶静脉溶栓的临床疗效。方法 32例AMI患者早期给予尿激酶静脉溶栓治疗与55例AMI患者给予常规治疗,观察溶栓治疗患者的再通情况及其溶栓后24h内T波倒置对判定冠脉再通的意义。结果溶栓组与对照组溶栓开始时间距发病6h的冠脉再通率分别为76.0%和16.4%,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。发病至开始溶栓时间越短,再通率越高。早期溶栓24h内T波倒置提示冠脉再通,早期T波倒置与冠脉再通率有明显相关性(P0.01)。结论急性心肌梗死早期使用尿激酶溶栓治疗可提高AMI的疗效,降低病死率。ST-T改变和T波倒置具有判断闭塞冠脉再通的临床价值。     

静脉溶栓时间对急性心肌梗死疗效影响的比较

目的　探讨急性心肌梗死 (AMI)起病后不同时间静脉溶栓疗效。方法　比较AMI起病后～ 6、～ 1 2、～ 2 4、～ 48、>48h静脉溶栓各组间以及各组与同时段一般治疗、急诊经皮冠状动脉介入治疗 (PCI)心绞痛持续时间、病死率、心衰发生率、梗死血管再通率、净有效率的差异。结果　静脉溶栓各组心绞痛持续时间随治疗时间延迟而延长 ,～ 6h组最短 (P <0 0 5) ;再通率、净有效率随治疗时间延迟而降低 ,～ 6h组最高 (P <0 0 5) ;病死率、心衰发生率～ 6h组低于～ 1 2h组。静脉溶栓各组比同时段一般内科治疗组心绞痛持续时间短 (P <0 0 1 ) ,比同时段PCI治疗组再通率、净有效率低 (P <0 0 5)。结论　静脉溶栓治疗AMI应尽早在 6h内施行 ,应推行入院前静脉溶栓 ,但起病大于 6h ,只要病人仍有心绞痛等症状 ,～ 1 2h在没有条件急诊PCI时可实施静脉溶栓治疗。     

小剂量尿激酶连续静脉延迟溶栓治疗急性心肌梗死疗效观察

将141例急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者按发病时间分为三组,均予肝素、肠溶阿司匹林抗凝治疗,早期溶栓组53例(发病6～12 h)分别静脉应用UK 50万、100万、150万U大、中、小剂量溶栓1次,延迟溶栓组37例(发病12～24 h)UK 20万U,连用3 d.结果早期溶栓组随UK剂量增大血管再通率增高;延迟溶栓组血管再通率明显高于小剂量溶栓及对照组(P<0.01),与中剂量溶栓相当,较大剂量溶栓低;病死率低于早期溶栓组,但无显著意义.认为小剂量延迟溶栓安全有效,可使冠脉恢复通畅,防止梗死扩展,最大限度的挽救心肌.     

基层医院急性心肌梗死治疗疗效观察

目的 观察基层医院急性心肌梗死(AMI)早期不同时间溶栓治疗的疗效.方法 124例AMI患者按发病到溶栓时间的不同分为5组:A组不超过2 h,B组2～4 h,C组4～6 h,D组6～12 h,静脉溶栓后观察各组患者冠状动脉再通率、并发症及死亡率.E组:静脉溶栓后冠状动脉不能再通但尚在发病后6 h以内者送外院进行补救性经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI).结果 本组患者冠状动脉再通率总体为67.0%.A、B、C、D组分别是82.1%、75.0%、72.4%、42.9%;总体出血发生率为8.9%,A、B、C、D组分别是0、6.7%、10.3%、17.1%;总体30 d内死亡率为8.9%,A、B、C、D组分别是0、3.1%、6.9%、22.9%,冠状动脉再通率、出血发生率、总体30 d内死亡率比较,A、B、C组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).但A、B、C组与D组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).E组患者5例中4例冠状动脉再通,成功率80%.结论 AMI静脉溶栓冠状动脉再通率与时间呈负相关,溶栓时间越早冠状动脉再通率越高,出血并发症越少,死亡率越低,进行补救性PCI可使冠状动脉再通率进一步提高.     

急性心肌梗死溶栓时间对血管再通和近期预后的影响

目的研究急性心肌梗死发病后不同时间溶栓治疗对血管再通和预后的影响.方法根据溶栓时间将64例分成≤4h,＞4～6h和＞6～12h三组,比较血管再通率、再通所需时间及对近期预后的影响.结果血管再通率分别为73%,66.2%,49.4%(后者与前二组相比差异有显著性,P＜0.05);血管再通所需时间与发病至溶栓的时间呈正相关,分别为58.9±32.1min,89.4±28.5min和109.1±30.2min(P＜0.05).室性心律失常和心绞痛的发生率以基本通畅组为最高(P＜0.01),病死率以未通组为最高(P＜0.01).结论急性心肌梗死发病6h以内血管再通效果最好,及时有效再灌注有利于改善急性心肌梗死患者的近期预后.     

静脉溶栓治疗急性心梗的几个问题

近 10年来 ,静脉溶栓治疗急性心肌梗死 (AMI)日益受到重视 ,尤其对尿激酶 (U K)、链激酶 (SK)及重组组织型纤维蛋白溶酶原激活剂 (t- PA)等的疗效及剂量进行了探索。现就有关问题作一简述。溶栓适应症与禁忌症 :1996年对溶栓治疗参考方案重新修订 ,入院时已胸痛 6～ 12小时 ,但仍有 ST段抬高或胸痛者 ,可考虑溶栓治疗 ;年龄 >70岁者 ,也不为溶栓禁忌症。但据临床研究观察 ,在年龄不限情况下 ,6～ 12小时溶栓者与 6小时内溶栓者的血管再通率 (6 2 .5 % ,71.0 % )及病死率(3.1% ,6 .5 % )有明显差异 P<0 .0 5 ;≥ 6 5岁 AMI溶栓者的病死…     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.