经皮穿刺桡动脉冠状动脉腔内成形术和支架术123例报告

目的探讨经桡动脉进行冠状动脉介入治疗的可行性、安全性和介入材料的选择.方法选择经桡动脉冠状动脉造影成功的123例冠心病患者为研究对象.88处左冠状动脉病变中,56例使用了Judkins左冠导管,16例使用了Voda左冠导管,14例使用了Amplatz左冠导管,另2例分别使用了Amplatz左冠导管和MAC导管.45处右冠状动脉病变中,26例使用了Judkins右冠导管,12例使用了Amplatz右冠导管,6例使用了Amplatz左冠导管,1例使用了MAC指引导管.结果共对123例患者的138处病变(左主干1例,左前降支53例,左回旋支34例,右冠状动脉45例,冠状动脉旁路移植血管5例)进行了治疗.其中,对4处病变进行了单纯的经皮冠状动脉腔内成形术(PTCA),65处进行了直接支架术,69处进行了PTCA加支架术.123例中119例获得成功(96.7%).支架置入前后血管平均狭窄程度分别为83.4%和5.8%.共置入支架131枚,其中2.5mm的11枚,2.75 mm的5枚,3.0 mm的50枚,3.5 mm的51枚,4.0mm的13枚,5mm的1枚.结论经桡动脉进行冠状动脉介入治疗是一种安全而成功率高的方法,是介入治疗的一种新路径,且具有止血容易、并发症少、患者痛苦小和易于接受等特点.     

308例经桡动脉途径冠状动脉造影的临床分析

目的 :探讨用Judkins导管经桡动脉途径行冠状动脉造影术的可行性和方法学。方法 :30 8例 ,男性 2 35例 ,女性 73例 ,平均年龄 (6 1 8± 8 7)岁。临床诊断 :稳定性心绞痛 10 5例 (34 1% ) ,不稳定性心绞痛 6 2例 (2 0 1% ) ,急性心肌梗塞 75例 (2 4 4 % ) ,其它 6 6例 (2 1 4 % )。手术过程 :1 Allen试验 ;2 桡动脉穿刺 ;3 用Judkins导管行选择性右冠和左冠造影。结果 :2 95例造影获得成功 ,成功率为95 8%。造影结果 :74例 (2 5 1% )冠脉正常 ,73例 (2 4 75 % )单支病变 ,73例 (2 4 75 % )双支病变 ,75例(2 5 4 % )三支病变。导管选择 :1.右冠造影 :2 95例中 ,2 85例 (96 6 % )用Judkins右冠导管 ,9例 (3 0 6 % )用Amplatz右冠导管 ,1例 (0 34% )用Voda右冠导管 ;2 左冠造影 :2 5 6例 (86 8% )用Judkins左冠导管 ,31例 (10 5 % )用Amplatz左冠导管 ,8例 (2 7% )用Voda左冠导管。结论 :用Judkins导管经桡动脉途径行冠状动脉造影是一种安全可行的选择 ;经皮穿刺桡动脉途径具有止血容易、术后无须卧床休息、病人痛苦小和并发症少等优点。     

Judkins Left指引导管在起源异常的右冠状动脉经桡动脉行经皮冠状动脉介入治疗中的应用

目的评价Judkins Left系列指引导管在起源于左冠状窦的右冠状动脉经桡动脉行经皮冠状动脉介入治疗（PCI）中应用的安全性和有效性。方法 11例患者起源于左冠状窦的右冠状动脉存在狭窄或闭塞病变,均采用右侧桡动脉穿刺,选择JL 3.5或JL 4.0指引导管行右冠状动脉PCI,根据病变情况必要时应用双导丝技术或5进6子母导管技术增加指引导管同轴性和支撑力。慢性闭塞病变常规应用微导管增加指引导丝支撑力,以便于更换导丝。观察手术成功率、并发症和近期随访结果。结果 11例患者中,3例为右冠状动脉慢性闭塞病变,8例为严重狭窄病变,同时合并左冠状动脉病变。所有患者均使用Judkins Left系列指引导管经桡动脉成功完成右冠状动脉PCI,7例应用JL 3.5指引导管,4例应用JL 4.0指引导管。2例在Judkins Left系列指引导管基础上应用5进6子母导管,其中包括1例右冠状动脉慢性闭塞病变;4例应用双导丝技术增加支撑力。3例慢性闭塞病变在微导管支持下均成功行PCI,其中1例先应用双导丝技术、后5进6子母导管增强支撑力。所有患者均成功置入药物洗脱支架,共置入支架19枚,每例右冠状动脉置入支架1~3（1.7±0.7）枚,置入支架长度为18~99（44.1±23.8）mm。术中所有患者均未出现冠状动脉穿孔、栓塞或夹层等并发症,手术成功率100%。住院期间无心脏压塞及支架血栓等并发症。术后临床随访6~12个月,无死亡及心肌梗死等不良心血管事件发生。结论对于右冠状动脉起源于左冠状窦病变,经右侧桡动脉途径,可以选择Judkins Left系列指引导管行PCI,支撑力不够时,可辅以其他增加支撑力的技术,如微导管技术、双导丝技术、子母导管技术等完成手术操作。     

应用5F引导导管经桡动脉行冠状动脉介入治疗

目的 评价应用5F引导导管经桡动脉行冠状动脉(冠脉)介入治疗(PCI)的可行性、安全性及优越性，探讨其应用策略。方法 应用5F引导导管经桡动脉对120例患者的166处病变进行PCI，桡动脉穿刺成功后动脉鞘内注入维拉帕米5mg，根据造影显示冠脉起始段和病变近端的情况选择合适引导导管，按常规进行PCI操作；术后立刻拔出鞘管，加压包扎穿刺处，4h后解除加压包扎；术后仅限制患者穿刺侧上肢活动。结果 右冠脉(RC)病变43例中有67．4％应用Judkins RC导管(JR)，32．6％应用Amplatz导管。92例患者的121处左冠脉(LC)病变，66．3％应用Judkins LC导管，18．5％应用EBU导管，15．2％应用Amplatz LC导管。2例静脉旁路病变均应用JR。PCI成功率97％；5处(3％)仅行经皮冠脉成形术未成功；并发症仅有1例(0．8％)桡动脉闭塞，但不影响手部供血。结论 应用5F引导导管经桡动脉行PCI具有可行性，由于导管细软，大大降低冠脉和穿刺部位的并发症，具有很高的安全性和优越性；但操作难度较大，需掌握导管的选用策略，以增加导管的支持力和同轴性，提高成功率。     

冠状动脉内支架置入术治疗老年患者复杂冠状动脉病变

目的　探讨经皮冠状动脉腔内支架置入术治疗老年患者复杂性冠状动脉病变的疗效及安全性。方法对 4 5例冠心病患者施行冠状动脉内支架置入术 ,病变血管共 5 8支 ,B型病变 4 9处 ,C型病变 1 3处 ,慢性完全闭塞病变 4处 ,共置入支架 64只。置入左前降支 2 7只 ,左回旋支 1 3只 ,右冠状动脉 2 4只。De Novo支架置入 4 4只 ,Suboptimal支架置入 1 5只 ,Bail-out支架置入 3只 ,再狭窄病变支架置入 2只。结果　术后经冠状动脉造影证实疗效满意 ,支架置入成功率为 98.4 %。术前病变平均直径狭窄 (86.5± 7.8) % ,术后残余直径狭窄 (5 .1± 1 0 .3 ) %。住院期间无亚急性支架血栓形成。 1例出现假性动脉瘤 ,1例在术中及术后出现三次心室颤动 ,4例患者术后心绞痛复发 ,复查冠状动脉造影发现了 3个支架节段血管有再狭窄。结论　对于老年冠心病患者复杂冠状动脉病变 ,经皮冠状动脉内支架置入术是一种安全有效的介入性治疗技术 ,其成功率高 ,并发症发生率低     

无预扩张直接冠状动脉内支架置入术

目的　探讨无预扩张直接冠状动脉内支架置入术的可行性及临床效果。方法　参照国外直接冠状动脉内支架置入术标准 ,对 2 7例冠心病患者进行无预扩张直接冠状动脉内支架置入术。结果　 2 7例患者共 2 8处病变 ,置入 2 8个支架 ,其中 A型病变 14例 ,B1 型病变 10例 ,B2 型病变 4例。置入支架前管腔狭窄程度为 78.2 %± 5 .6% ,支架置入后血管残存狭窄程度为 0 .9%± 1.4% ,支架置入成功率为 10 0 % ,无并发症发生。术后随访 1年 ,2例患者出现心绞痛 ,冠状动脉造影证实 1例患者出现支架内再狭窄。结论　正确选择适应证的情况下 ,无预扩张直接冠状动脉内支架置入术是一种安全有效的治疗方法 ,可获得较好的近、远期临床效果     

经桡动脉行复杂冠状动脉病变的介入治疗

目的探讨经桡动脉行复杂冠状动脉病变介入治疗的可行性。方法将178例左主干开口病变、分叉病变、慢性闭塞病变、长度≥30mm的长病变、纡曲成角病变及严重钙化病变等复杂冠状动脉病变患者经桡动脉途径进行PCI。结果经桡动脉PCI完成率97.2%。因导引导管支撑力不够,采用双导丝技术18例,采用子母导管技术5例,微导管技术6例,锚技术3例。左主干开口病变8处即刻全部成功。左主干分叉病变双支架置入17例,单支架置入9例。其他分叉病变67处,单支架置入47处,双支架置入20处。双支架置入后对吻球囊扩张成功率100%。34处慢性闭塞病变PCI成功27处。长度≥30mm的长病变91处、纡曲成角病变23处、严重钙化病变27处全部PCI成功。术中支架内血栓2例,住院期间亚急性血栓形成2例。死亡1例。穿刺处并发症:桡动脉闭塞8例,前臂肿胀4例,无血肿及神经损伤。结论经桡动脉途径进行冠状动脉复杂病变的PCI有较高的成功率。     

5F共用型造影导管在经桡动脉径路冠状动脉造影中的应用

目的　探讨 5 F共用型造影导管在经桡动脉径路冠状动脉造影中的应用价值。方法　选择经桡动脉径路行冠状动脉及左心室造影患者 89例 ,按其造影时首选 5 F Judkins型造影导管或 5 F共用型造影导管 ,分为Judkins型组 (n=4 8)和共用型组 (n=4 1)。对比两组手术成功率、X线透视时间和手术操作时间。结果　共用型组中 39例 (95 .1% )经桡动脉径路行冠状动脉及左心室造影成功 ,Judkins型组中 4 4例 (91.7% )造影成功 ,共用型组的造影成功率明显高于 Judkins型组 (P <0 .0 1)。Judkins型组的冠状动脉及左心室造影平均 X线透视时间和手术操作时间分别为 (7.5± 5 .5 )和 (30 .8± 2 0 .1)分钟 ;共用型组分别为 (5 .4± 3.4 )和 (2 4 .2± 10 .4 )分钟 ,均少于Judkins型组 (P <0 .0 1)。结论　使用较小直径造影导管经桡动脉径路施行诊断性冠状动脉造影 ,术后不需严格卧床 ,患者损伤小 ,止血方便 ,血管并发症少 ,可作为某些经选择病例的首选径路。合理选择适于桡动脉径路的造影导管 ,对提高手术操作的便捷性、安全性 ,以及保证造影质量至关重要     

经左桡动脉途径行冠状动脉造影检查的可行性研究

目的:与右桡动脉径路对比,探讨经左桡动脉途径行冠状动脉造影检查的可行性及安全性。方法:共选择2007-10至2010-03我院住院行诊断性冠状动脉造影的连续性患者908例,分成左桡动脉组(456例)和右桡动脉组(452例),所有患者均符合Allen试验阳性(桡动脉与尺动脉之间存在良好的侧支循环),使用5F或6F桡动脉专用穿刺鞘组穿刺桡动脉,使用5F左右共用型冠状动脉造影导管(TIG造影管)或Judkins型造影导管行冠状动脉造影检查,对比两组造影完成率、导丝导管交换率、X线曝光量、血管并发症和患者接受度。结果:两组908例患者行左、右桡动脉原位穿刺成功率均为99.3%。与右桡动脉组比较,左桡动脉组超滑导丝更换率、X线曝光时间降低(P0.001),而主要表现在X线曝光时间3 min的患者比率左桡动脉组显著高于右桡动脉组(P0.001),X线曝光时间6 min的患者比率左桡动脉组显著低于右桡动脉组(P0.001),差异均有统计学意义。结论:经左桡动脉途径行冠状动脉造影检查是安全可行的,值得临床选择性应用。     

冠状动脉内支架置入术在冠心病治疗中的价值

目的 评价冠状动脉内支架置入术在冠心病治疗中的临床应用价值。方法 对157例206支冠状动脉病变内置入203只支架，其中置入左前降支103只，右冠状动脉57只，左回旋支42只，左主干1只。结果 157例全部置入成功。置入后经冠状动脉造影证实狭窄消失，效果良好。其中5例急性心肌梗死患者由于急诊置入支架后，病情迅速缓解。择期冠状动脉支架置入术全部置入成功，无一例发生严重并发症。结论 冠状动脉内支架置入术是治疗冠心病的一种安全可靠、效果良好的介入性治疗方法、有良好的应用价值。     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.