长期太极拳锻炼对老年人本体感觉及身体稳定性的影响

目的探讨长期太极拳锻炼对老年人本体感觉及身体稳定性的影响效果。方法针对太极故里焦作市年龄65~75岁的老年人进行问卷调查,从中随机筛选具有3年以上太极拳锻炼习惯和无明显健身锻炼习惯的老年人各50例,分别为长期太极拳锻炼组和无锻炼习惯组,首先检测两组入选者的本体感觉功能和身体稳定性;为了进一步验证长期太极拳锻炼的效果,另对无锻炼习惯组老年人进行6个月的太极拳锻炼实验,观察锻炼后各检测指标的改善效果。结果长期太极拳锻炼组老年人的本体感觉功能和身体稳定性指标明显优于无锻炼习惯组(均P<0.05),无锻炼习惯组老年人经6个月训练实验后,各检测指标较实验前得到了明显改善(均P<0.05)。结论本体感觉能力和身体稳定性对维持老年人的肢体运动功能至关重要,而进行长期太极拳锻炼能对老年人的本体感觉功能和身体稳定性起到明显的促进和改善作用。     

太极拳运动对健康老年人的体能效应

采用近年国外老年学研究中常用的体能测查方法，对８６例长期参加太极拳运动及９２例平时不参加运动锻炼的健康男性老年人进行了体能测查及红细胞超氧化物歧化酶，血清过氧化脂质的检测。结果发现，长期进行太极拳锻炼的老年人与不运动者相比，体能明显增强，ＲＢＣ－ＳＯＤ活性增高，ＬＰＯ浓度降低，并随年龄的增长更超明显。表明太极拳运动可提高老年人体能，增进老年人整体健康。     

太极拳运动对老年人下肢平衡力的影响

老年人平衡能力的减弱是影响老年人健康的众多不利因素之一[1],太极拳运动要求练习者在动态或者静态的情况下,着重强调重心的位置与下肢稳定性的锻炼[2～4].本文拟探讨太极拳运动对于老年人平衡指标的影响,以期提高老年人的抗跌倒能力.     

长期户外登山活动对老年人心肺耐力及肢体运动功能的影响

目的观察长期户外登山活动对老年人心肺耐力及肢体运动功能的影响。方法以焦作市山阳区长期居住的城市老年人和焦作市山区山民老年人为研究对象,随机筛选市区和山民老年男性各150例,检测比较市民和山民老年男性的心肺耐力及肢体运动功能的差异;另从市民老年人中筛选40例心肺耐力较差者组建老年户外越野登山锻炼队,每周每人分别进行登山锻炼两次,持续锻炼6个月,比较锻炼前后心肺耐力及肢体运动能力的差异。结果市区组老年人的心肺耐力及肢体运动功能指标均明显优于山区组(均P<0. 05);且40例心肺耐力较差的市区老年人经6个月登山锻炼后,其心肺耐力及肢体运动功能指标也较锻炼前改善明显(均P<0. 05)。结论长期户外登山活动利于老年人心肺耐力、平衡能力和肌肉力量的改善,而心肺耐力的提高及较强的平衡能力和肌肉力量的改善,对提高老年人肢体运动功能尤其耐力活动能力至关重要。     

核心肌力并太极拳猫步行走锻炼对老年人身体稳定性的效果评价

目的探讨核心肌力与太极拳猫步行走组合锻炼对老年人身体稳定性的影响。方法筛选平衡能力较差的老年人90例,随机分为观察组和对照组,每组45例。对照组进行健步走锻炼;观察组在核心肌力锻炼基础上同时辅以太极拳猫步行走锻炼进行联合干预。分别对两组身体动态和静态平衡能力指标进行检测和比较。结果锻炼后,对照组动态平衡能力指标较锻炼前有明显改善(P0. 05),但静态平衡能力指标差异无统计学意义(P0. 05);观察组锻炼后静态、动态平衡能力指标较锻炼前均有明显改善,且明显优于对照组(均P0. 05)。结论核心肌力与猫步行走组合锻炼,两者间可起到协同干预作用,利于提高老年人的身体稳定性,对提高肢体运动功能及预防跌倒有益。     

太极拳运动对老年人呼吸及心脑血液循环功能的影响

<正>退行性病变所致的病患是困扰老年人身心健康的重要因素,尤其是老年人缺乏必要的运动锻炼造成的肌肉萎缩、协调能力下降及呼吸及各循环系统功能衰退等〔1〕。高龄老年人身心受运动能力的限制,往往对很多运动项目的参与无能为力,且很多运动项目或运动方式不适合这一特殊群体〔2〕。太极拳运动能够改善人体血液循环、缓解高血压、提高心肺功能,同时对于缓解人体焦虑、紧张、抑郁等负面情绪,维持精神愉悦和心理健康具有重要意义〔3〕。本研究探讨太极拳运动对老年人呼     

长期太极拳锻炼老年人身体成分和体质特征

目的分析长期太极拳锻炼老年人身体成分和体质的特征。方法按照《国民体质测定标准手册(老年人部分)》的方法和标准,对101例60～69岁的老年太极拳项目社会体育指导员的体质和身体成分进行测试,并同同年龄组老年人体质和身体成分进行比较。结果老年太极拳社会体育指导员身体脂肪含量(F%)、腰臀比(WHR)、体质指数(BMI)低于同年龄组普通老年人,去脂肪软体重和去脂肪体重高于同年龄组普通老年人;而肺活量、坐位体前屈、闭眼单脚站立时间高于中国同龄老年人的均值,选择反应时低于中国均值;体质综合评分为优秀。结论长期习练太极拳能够提高老年人的呼吸功能、柔韧性、躯体平衡能力以及神经肌肉系统的反应能力,习练太极拳是改善老年人体质非常有效的运动方式。     

老年循证健康促进项目研究进展

<正>常规身体运动(PA)可以提高心理和生理的舒适感,降低残疾和慢性疾病的危险性~([1,2]),老年人平衡和力量训练可以预防跌倒和骨折~([3])。2008年美国卫生与人类服务部(HHS)建议老年人每周进行150 min中等强度锻炼或75 min高强度的有氧锻炼~([4])。广场舞、太极拳、健身操等的流行都说明中国老年人对运动有迫切的需求,因此迎合老年人运动需求并推出一种适合老年人运动锻炼的方式势在必行。美国华盛顿大学健康     

中医五行音乐太极拳整合锻炼对老年心理健康及衰弱状态的影响

目的探究中医五行音乐太极拳整合锻炼对老年心理健康及衰弱状态的影响。方法100例老年人随机分组,分别实施老年科常规干预(对照组50例)与中医五行音乐太极拳整合锻炼(研究组50例)。干预12 w后进行心理健康、衰弱状态及相关指标评价,研究数据进行统计学处理,分析并讨论两组差异。结果研究组心理健康评分高于对照组,衰弱状态评分低于对照组,平衡能力评分优于对照组,生活质量评分高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。结论中医五行音乐太极拳整合锻炼可有效改善老年心理健康及衰弱状态,同时具有增强老年人平衡能力及提高老年人生活质量水平等积极意义。     

太极拳锻炼周期对中老年女性下肢功能的影响

<正>老年人行走能力较差多与生理功能衰退有关,女性绝经期后随着雌性激素水平降低、骨含量减少及骨微细机构的改变而导致骨质疏松的发生~(〔1〕);肌肉萎缩、下肢肌力及协调能力欠佳等也是致使老年人行走能力较差、步履蹒跚的重要因素~(〔2〕)。而通过必要的运动训练手段,可以改善老年人的身体功能,利于提高老年人的平衡功能进而提高行走能力~(〔3,4〕)。本研究观察不同的太极拳锻炼周期对中老年女性机体指标的改善效果。1资料与方法     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.