第二肝门重建术治疗肝静脉阻塞型Budd-Chiari综合征

目的 分析和评价第二肝门重建术治疗肝静脉阻塞型布-加综合征(Buddi-Chiari syndrom,BCS)的可行性和中远期疗效.资料与方法 自1999年1月至2008年12月收治的肝静脉阻塞型或肝静脉阻塞伴下腔静脉阻塞的BCS患者,单独应用副肝静脉成形术或分别联合肝静脉成形术、下腔静脉成形术的方法治疗的27例患者,在副肝静脉成形术和肝静脉成形术前后经导管测定副肝静脉、肝静脉压力,观察围手术期并发症,并观察术后6、12、24、36个月受干预血管的通畅率.结果 27例中26例成功,副肝静脉成形术成功率达96%,术中3例出现心慌、胸闷症状,急性肺栓塞1例,均经保守治疗痊愈.26例随访,术后6、12、24及36个月受干预血管的初始再通率分别为96.2%、88.5%、76.9%及73.1%.结论 第二肝门重建术是治疗肝静脉阻塞型BCS行之有效的方法,在肝静脉阻塞型BCS介入治疗中应灵活运用.     

改良经颈静脉肝内门体分流术治疗广泛肝静脉闭塞型布-加综合征效果分析北大核心CSCD

目的评价改良经颈静脉肝内门体分流术(TIPS)治疗广泛肝静脉闭塞型布-加综合征(BCS)的临床效果。方法回顾性分析28例确诊为广泛肝静脉闭塞型BCS患者的临床资料。所有患者均经彩色超声和MRA或腹部增强CT明确诊断为广泛肝静脉闭塞型BCS,并接受改良TIPS治疗。记录腹水消退率、肝性脑病发生率及肝、肾功能情况。术后彩色超声或CTA随访,观察分流道通畅情况。结果28例患者改良TIPS手术均获成功,无手术相关严重并发症。术前门静脉压力为(33.69±5.95)mmHg(1 mmHg=0.133 kPa),术后为(19.08±3.59)mmHg,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。术后随访3~35个月,中位时间为16.6个月。术后3、6、12个月腹水完全消退率分别为25%(7/28)、75%(21/28)、92.8%(26/28)。术后3个月肝肾功能指标较术前明显好转(P<0.05)。术后3个月终末期肝病模型(MELD)评分为10.92±2.50,低于术前的15.42±6.03,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。术前、术后1周、术后3个月血氨值差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。术后1周2例(7.1%)出现轻度肝性脑病。术后1年、2年分流道一期通畅率分别为100%(28/28)、89.3%(25/28),二期通畅率皆为100%。结论改良TIPS术治疗广泛肝静脉闭塞型BCS患者安全有效,可取得较好的中远期疗效。     

经颈内静脉肝内门腔静脉分流术治疗BuddChiari综合征

目的探讨经颈静脉肝内门腔静脉分流术(TIPS)治疗Budd-Chiari综合征(BCS)的疗效。方法本组14例患者经影像学检查确诊为BCS,因进行性肝功能损害,或严重门脉高压并发症(顽固性腹水,食管胃底静脉曲张上消化道出血),或广泛肝静脉闭塞而行TIPS术治疗。其中混合型8例,肝静脉型5例,肝静脉广泛闭塞型1例。TIPS术中对于下腔静脉、肝静脉的不同情况,灵活选择肝静脉或下腔静脉穿刺点进行穿刺,7例从肝静脉开口处行门静脉穿刺,建立门-腔静脉分流道,4例从下腔静脉直接穿刺门静脉分支,3例经皮穿刺开通肝右静脉后再经肝右静脉穿刺门静脉。术后对分流道支架开通情况进行长期随访。结果14例手术均获成功,门静脉压力由术前平均(4.9±1.4)kPa,降至术后(3.2±1.5)kPa,术后随访5～64个月,2例因支架狭窄分别于术后13、24个月再发上消化道出血,行分流道球囊扩张治疗,术后恢复良好。结论TIPS适用BCS合并有进行性肝功能损害或门静脉高压引起的上消化道出血、顽固性腹水的治疗。对于已行下腔静脉或肝静脉成形术后再发或加重的门静脉高压患者亦为适应证,但手术难度增加。     

改良式TIPS治疗肝静脉广泛阻塞型布-加综合征的近期疗效

目的 观察改良式TIPS治疗肝静脉广泛阻塞型布-加综合征(BCS)的近期疗效.方法 7例肝静脉广泛阻塞型BCS患者,使用改良术式TIPS治疗,其中2例为急性,5例为亚急性或慢性.术后给予正规抗凝治疗,并用彩色多普勒超声随访疗效.结果 7例肝静脉广泛阻塞型BCS均成功完成改良式TIPS,7例患者共置入12枚支架(覆膜支架...     

肝静脉型Budd-Chiari综合征的介入治疗现状

Budd-Chiarj综合征(Budd-Chiari syndrome,BCS)是由于肝静脉和(或)下腔静脉阻塞导致肝静脉和(或)下腔静脉回流障碍而产生的门脉高压和(或)下腔静脉高压的一系列临床症状和体征.文献报道肝静脉型布加综合征占该病总数的5.0%～32.5%[1-2].由于各肝静脉之间广泛存在潜在的侧支循环,在肝静脉阻塞或狭窄后,肝内血管的解剖变得更为复杂,是BCS介入治疗中的难题之一.本文综述肝静脉型BCS的介入治疗.     

Budd-Chiari综合征:肝静脉病变的多排螺旋CT诊断

目的探讨多排螺旋CT(MSCT)对Budd-Chiari综合征(BCS)肝静脉阻塞病变的诊断价值。方法对比分析26例BCS的肝静脉血管造影和术前1周内的MSCT平扫与增强扫描表现。结果26例MSCT横断面图像和重建图像显示肝静脉共计70条,其中56条肝静脉闭塞,包括13条肝右静脉闭塞,21条肝中静脉闭塞,22条肝左静脉闭塞;另显示21条副肝静脉代偿性增粗;其中1例肝右静脉伴有血栓形成。与下腔静脉或经皮肝穿刺肝静脉造影相比,肝静脉的符合率为92.11%。结论MSCT能准确显示BCS肝静脉的血流动力学变化、阻塞部位,性质以及肝内交通支情况,诊断价值高,能可靠的指导制订治疗方案。     

Budd-Chiari综合征患者肝尾状叶交通静脉临床意义北大核心CSCD

目的 探讨肝尾状叶交通静脉(HCCV)在Budd-Chiari综合征(BCS)患者临床诊断和介入治疗中的价值。方法 收集2015年1月至2016年12月在徐州医科大学附属医院行上腹部MRA检查并于1周内行DSA检查的247例BCS患者临床资料。观查患者HCCV发生率,测量HCCV开口直径和开口至右心房入口距离,分析HCCV与肝静脉的交通关系。结果 247例BCS患者中检出110例有HCCV,发生率为44.5%,其中下腔静脉阻塞型患者中发生率为58.1%。HCCV开口直径为(11.3±4.3) mm,开口至右心房入口距离为(5.3±1.5) cm。HCCV与肝中静脉和/或肝左静脉存在交通关系。结论 HCCV在肝左静脉和肝中静脉阻塞时具有代偿性引流肝脏静脉血液的作用,有助于直接或间接诊断BCS,为介入治疗提供了一种选择。     

穿刺套针在布-加综合征介入治疗中的应用

目的　探讨穿刺套针在布 加综合征 (BCS)介入治疗中的应用价值。方法　对 16例血管造影诊断BCS的患者进行介入治疗。 5例肝静脉膜性阻塞为主及 9例下腔静脉完全性阻塞患者使用穿刺套针经颈静脉或股静脉穿刺破膜并行球囊扩张术或 (和 )内支架置入术。结果　 14例穿刺套针均成功越过阻塞部位 ,16例PTA或内支架置入后造影证实阻塞段已开通 ,肝静脉压力平均下降 1.85kPa ,下腔静脉压力平均下降 1.2 1kPa。结论　穿刺套针的应用显著提高了BCS介入治疗的成功率。     

血管内多普勒超声对Budd—Chiari综合征介入治疗前后血流动力学变化的评价

目的 :检测Budd Chiari综合征 (BCS)患者血流动力学的变化及对BCS患者PTA术后即刻的效果进行评价。材料和方法 :使用血管内多普勒导丝对 2 7例BCS患者下腔静脉 /肝静脉 (IVC/HV)介入治疗 (PTA)前后血流速度、血流量和压力的变化进行测定及比较。结果 :IVC和HV病变远心端PTA后较PTA前的平均峰值流速、最大峰值流速及血流量显著增加 ,而压力显著下降。结论 :PTA有利于BCS患者IVC/HV血流动力学的恢复 ;血流动力学指标可作为BCS在PTA后IVC/HV再通的依据之一。血流速度的变化可以作为判定PTA治疗终点的可靠指标之一。     

布-加综合征肾静脉开口以上下腔静脉闭塞介入治疗效果

【摘要】 目的 评价布- 加综合征（BCS）肾静脉开口以上下腔静脉闭塞介入治疗的效果。 方法 回顾性分析28例BCS肾静脉开口以上下腔静脉闭塞患者临床资料。所有患者均经右颈内静脉途径和右股静脉途径行下腔静脉开通治疗；22例经右颈内静脉途径，6例联合经皮经肝途径施行肝静脉开通治疗。术后采用彩色多普勒超声随访，观察下腔静脉和肝静脉畅通情况。 结果 28例患者介入手术均获成功，下腔静脉单纯球囊扩张术16例，支架植入12例。开通1支肝静脉17例，开通2支肝静脉11例。术后造影均显示下腔静脉、肝静脉血流通畅，无血管破裂出血等并发症发生。28例患者随访6～79个月，平均（42.6±24.5）个月。下腔静脉单纯球囊扩张患者再闭塞率为43.8%（7/16），下腔静脉支架植入患者再闭塞率为8.3%（1/12），差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）；肝静脉再闭塞率为28.6%（8/28）。 结论 BCS肾静脉开口以上下腔静脉闭塞介入治疗安全有效，下腔静脉长段闭塞支架植入疗效优于球囊扩张。     

肝内门静脉和肝静脉的解剖与变异(三维动态增强磁共振血管成像分析)

目的用三维动态增强磁共振血管成像（３ｄｉｍｅｎｔｉｏｎａｌｄｙｎａｍｉｃｃｏｎｔｒａｓｔｅｎｈａｎｃｅｄＭＲＡ,３ＤＤＣＥＭＲＡ）前瞻性地观测肝内门静脉（简称门脉）和肝静脉的解剖和变异。方法共进行１４２例门脉和肝静脉３ＤＤＣＥＭＲＡ检查。对肝内门脉和肝静脉的解剖和变异做分型,计算每一型所占总调查人数的比例,并计算右后下肝静脉的显示率。结果１４２次成像中,８例（５．６％）显示门脉呈三分叉状,７例（４．９％）门脉先分出右后支,然后上行分为左支和右前支,４例（２．８％）门脉右前支源于左支,未发现有门脉左支水平段或右支缺如,余下１２３例（８６．６％）显示正常门脉分支。绝大多数情况下（９５．１％）肝中、肝左静脉合并,而三大支肝静脉单独汇入下腔静脉仅占４．９％。右后下肝静脉的显示率为７．７％。结论肝内门脉变异并不少见。肝中和肝左静脉多合并后汇入下腔静脉。部分病人有较为粗大的右后下肝静脉。３ＤＤＣＥＭＲＡ能方便而清楚地显示上述血管的解剖和变异     

Budd-Chiari syndrome: CT observations

The authors describe four patients with Budd-Chiari syndrome in whom contrast material-enhanced computed tomographic (CT) scans demonstrated low-density venous thrombosis in three sites not, to our knowledge, previously described with this modality. Thrombosis was seen in the portal circulation, the hepatic veins, and the intrahepatic inferior vena cava. It is known that concomitant portal vein thrombosis may be seen in 20% of patients with Budd-Chiari syndrome. Three of the four patients in the current study had this finding, one with extensive thrombosis of portal, mesenteric, and splenic veins and the other two with portal vein branch involvement. In one patient hepatic vein thrombosis was demonstrated with CT, and in three inferior vena cava clot was demonstrated. All four patients had the distinctive hepatic parenchymal contrast enhancement pattern seen in this condition, which the authors think may be at least partially caused by associated portal thrombosis. The presence of portal venous thrombosis should prompt the observer to consider the diagnosis of Budd-Chiari syndrome. Detection of hepatic vein clot confirms the diagnosis and may be seen in this condition in association with inferior vena cava thrombus.     

Ultrasound-guided transhepatic puncture of the hepatic veins for TIPS placement

Purpose

This retrospective analysis was carried out to assess the feasibility and results of transjugular intrahepatic portal systemic shunt (TIPS) performed with ultrasound (US)-guided percutaneous puncture of the hepatic veins.

Material and methods

Over a period of 3 years, 153 patients were treated with TIPS at our centre. In eight cases, a percutaneous puncture of the middle (n=7) or right (n=1) hepatic vein was required because the hepatic vein ostium was not accessible. Indications for TIPS were bleeding (n=1), Budd-Chiari syndrome (n=1), ascites (n=2), reduced portal flow (n=1) and incomplete portal thrombosis (n=3). A 0.018-in. guidewire was anterogradely introduced into the hepatic vein to the inferior vena cava (IVC) through a 21-gauge needle. In the meantime, a 25-mm snare-loop catheter was introduced through the jugular access to retrieve the guidewire, achieving through-andthrough access. Then, a Rosch-Uchida set was used to place the TIPS with the traditional technique.

Results

Technical success was achieved in all patients. There was one case of stent thrombosis. One patient died of pulmonary oedema. Three patients were eligible for liver transplantation, whereas the others were excluded due to shunt thrombosis (n=1) and previous nonhepatic neoplasms (n=3).

Conclusions

The percutaneous approach to hepatic veins is rapid and safe and may be useful for avoiding traumatic liver injuries.     

CE-MRA在腹部静脉病变中的应用及诊断价值

目的探讨腹部静脉病变的CE-MRA的表现及临床应用价值。方法回顾性分析47例腹部静脉病变的常规MRI和腹部静脉CE-MRA表现。结果门脉高压28例(肝硬化性22例,非肝硬化性6例),其中1例合并静脉瘤;静脉内瘤栓8例;肿瘤性静脉包绕4例;布-加氏综合征(Budd-chiarrisyndrome,BCS)2例,门静脉海绵状变性(非肿瘤性)2例,肝移植术后3例。CE-MRA清楚显示了门静脉、脾静脉、胃冠状静脉的增粗,食道胃底静脉的曲张;瘤栓所致的腔内低信号区;静脉被肿物推移受压的情况;门静脉、肝静脉、下腔静脉的狭窄、闭塞和侧枝循环的分布范围和程度。常规MRI显示了腹部脏器的原发病变。结论CE-MRA结合常规MRI检查对腹部静脉病变有一定的诊断价值,对临床治疗方案的选择有明确的指导意义。     

Prospective intraindividual comparison between respiratory-triggered balanced steady-state free precession and breath-hold gradient-echo and time-of-flight magnetic resonance imaging for assessment of portal and hepatic veins

The purpose of this study was to compare respiratory-triggered balanced steady-state free precession (bSSFP) with breath-hold contrast-enhanced dynamic two-dimensional (2D) gradient-echo (GRE) and time-of-flight (TOF) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for portal and hepatic vein visualization and assessment of portal and hepatic venous variants. Sixty patients with liver disease underwent nonenhanced bSSFP and contrast-enhanced GRE, bSSFP, and TOF imaging. Contrast-to-noise ratios (CNRs) for portal and hepatic veins were measured. Two readers rated the quality of portal and hepatic vein visualization on a 5-point Likert scale. The diagnostic performance of each MRI series in the detection of portal and hepatic venous variants was assessed in 40/60 patients who also underwent contrast-enhanced multidetector-row computed tomography (MDCT). CNRs for portal and hepatic veins were highest on contrast-enhanced bSSFP images. Image quality of portal and hepatic veins was rated higher for nonenhanced bSSFP than for contrast-enhanced GRE (p<0.03) and TOF (p<0.003) and higher for contrast-enhanced than for nonenhanced bSSFP (p<0.003). Compared with MDCT, portal and hepatic venous variants were identified with an accuracy of 99% on bSSFP images, with an excellent interobserver agreement (κ=0.97). Compared with MDCT, presence of surgically important portal and hepatic venous anatomical variants can be predicted with high accuracy on bSSFP images.     

Hepatic attenuation differences associated with obstruction of the portal or hepatic veins in patients with hepatic abscess

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of our study was to determine the nature of the association between the attenuation difference of the hepatic parenchyma surrounding an abscess and obstruction of the regional portal vein or of the hepatic vein. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Helical CT scans of 60 patients with hepatic abscess were analyzed for the presence of complete or partial obstruction of the portal or hepatic veins and for attenuation differences in the surrounding parenchyma. Clinical (age, sex, underlying disease, and microorganism) and CT (obstruction of the portal or hepatic vein and number, location, and size of abscesses) findings were analyzed statistically for possible associations with each of regional parenchymal hyper- and hypoattenuation by using the chi-square test and multivariate logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: Regional parenchymal hyperattenuation was identified in 40 patients (67%). More patients with portal vein obstruction showed regional parenchymal hyperattenuation than patients without portal vein obstruction (22/27 patients vs 18/33, p = 0.028), and more patients with hepatic vein obstruction showed regional parenchymal hypoattenuation than those without hepatic vein obstruction (11/21 vs 3/39, p = 0.0003). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that portal venous obstruction was the only statistically significant predictor of regional parenchymal hyperattenuation (p = 0.032; odds ratio, 3.7) and that parenchymal hypoattenuation was associated with hepatic venous obstruction (p = 0.001; odds ratio, 44.9). CONCLUSION: Parenchymal hypo- and hyperattenuation are frequently observed in the hepatic region surrounding an abscess on dynamic CT. Moreover, these parenchymal attenuation differences are associated with regional portal or hepatic vein obstruction.     

利用腔内激光技术制作肝静脉阻塞性布加氏综合征模型的探讨

目的　利用腔内激光光凝技术探讨制作肝静脉阻塞性布加氏综合征动物模型的可行性 ,为进一步探讨本病合理的治疗方案提供研究对象。方法　 2 0条杂种犬 ,随机等分为实验组和对照组 ,在自动控制X光机监视下 ,利用介入技术将光纤导丝分别放入肝左静脉和肝右静脉 ,实验组以功率为 6W的 81 0nm半导体激光光凝主干肝静脉 ,对照组不做光凝处理。饲养 5个月后在全身麻醉下 ,观察门静脉的压力和肝脏的病理变化 ,与未行本项操作的家犬门静脉和肝脏组织进行比较。结果　实验组均出现肝静脉闭塞或严重狭窄、胃底食管静脉曲张、淤血性肝硬化 ,而对照组正常。实验组和对照组门静脉压力分别为 2 5 33± 7 1 1cmH2 O(1cmH2 O =98 0 7Pa)和 1 0 6 4± 3 70cmH2 O ,二者差异有显著意义 (P <0 0 1 )。结论　利用介入激光光凝技术可成功制作肝静脉阻塞型布加氏综合征家犬模型 ,为进一步探讨肝静脉阻塞型布加氏综合征的发病机制和治疗方案提供研究对象。     

Portal and hepatic veins: accuracy of margin echoes for distinguishing intrahepatic vessels.

One hundred randomly selected sonograms were retrospectively reviewed to determine the accuracy of employing the margin characteristics of intrahepatic venous radicals to distinguish portal from hepatic veins; 99% of intrahepatic portal veins demonstrated high amplitude acoustic margins. However, one or more hepatic veins also had high amplitude acoustic margins in 29% of patients in whom intraparenchymal hepatic veins were identified. The authors conclude that an intrahepatic venous structure without an echogenic border is almost invariably an hepatic vein, although other anatomical features should be considered for proper classification of intrahepatic venous structures which demonstrate high amplitude echoes surrounding the lumen.     

Multiple intra-abdominal venous thrombosis in ulcerative colitis: role of MDCT for detection

Patients with ulcerative colitis are at increased risk for venous thrombosis. We report herein the case of a 28-year-old woman who developed multiple intraabdominal venous thrombosis, including partial Budd-Chiari syndrome in association with intracranial venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism during the relapse of a known ulcerative colitis. Multidetector-row computed tomography (MDCT) allowed depiction of multiple intraabdominal sites of thrombosis including right and medial hepatic veins, left portal vein, splenic vein and left ovarian vein and demonstrated complete resolution of the multiple thrombi after anticoagulant therapy. The association of partial Budd-Chiari syndrome with other thrombi involving portal, splenic and ovarian veins in association with ulcerative colitis, has, to our knowledge never been reported yet. In addition, the potential role of MDCT in the detection of possible multiple thrombosis in patients with ulcerative colitis has never been emphasized.