降香的本草再考

本草考证表明，降香在历史上曾经有过紫藤香一名，造成对降香原植物描述与豆科植物紫藤（WistariasinensisSweet）的混淆；也曾有过很长时期被误称降真香的芸香科植物山油柑[AcronychiaPedunculata（L．）Miq]与降香在药材性状上的混淆，最后得出结论：（1）障香不宜释名紫藤香。（2）山油柑不能作降香用。目前国产降香商品药材均来自海南产豆科植物降香檀（DalbergiaodoriferaT.Chem）。     

丹参类注射液与其他注射液续用时的配伍禁忌

丹参(Radix Salviae Mihiorrhizae)为唇形科植物丹参(Salviae Mihiorrhizae Bge)的干燥根及根茎，主要有效成分为丹参酮，异丹参酮，隐丹参酮，异隐丹参酮等。中医认为具有化瘀止痛，活血通经，清心除烦的功效。降香为豆科植物降香檀(Dalbergia odorifera T.Chen)树干和根的干燥心材。中医认为具有行气活血，止痛，止血作用。临床用于脘腹疼痛，肝郁胁痛，胸痹刺痛，跌扑损     

海南降香将长期供不应求货紧价扬

降香为豆科植物降香檀的根部心材，降香檀主产海南西部、西南部和南部的东方、昌江、乐东、白沙及崖县等地，习称之为“花梨母”。由于野生资源较少濒临绝迹，被国家林业部列为二级保护植物，花梨母只产于印尼、马来西亚、中国，但各国在生资源较少，国际公约上也明规定禁运花梨母。印尼、马来西亚，也将花梨母列为二级保护植物。降香在药用上属野生三类中药材，近期价格持续上升，已引起了很多药界同仁的关注，笔就该品的了解介绍如下，仅供药界同仁参考。     

降香的本香再考

本草考证表明，降香在历史上普经有过紫藤香一名，造成对隆香原植物描述与豆科植物紫藤的混淆；也曾有过很长时期被误称降真香的芸香科植物山油柑。     

降香及伪品海南黄檀的鉴别

降香为豆科植物降香檀（Ｄａｌｂｅｒｇｉａ ｏｄｏｒｉｆｅｒａ Ｔ．Ｃｈｅｎ）树干和根的干燥心材。近年市场上常有其伪品混充降香。初步鉴定为同属类似植物海南黄檀（Ｄａｌｂｅｒｇｉａ ｈａｉｎａｎｓｉｓ Ｍｅｒｒ）辛温、止血、止痛,可用于胃气痛,刀伤出血。正品降香性味辛温,具有行气活血,止痛、止血之功效,可用于脘腹疼痛,肝郁疼痛,胸脾疼痛、胸肋疼痛等［１］。降香檀的挥发油及其芳香水可明显抑制大鼠实验性血栓的形成。提示降香檀有抗血栓形成的作用［２］。为保证临床用药的安全,笔者对这两种易混淆药材进行了性状及紫…     

降香挥发油研究进展

降香具有行气活血止痛等功效,现代研究表明挥发油成分为降香主要有效成分之一.降香临床用药较多,但资源有限,深入了解降香挥发油化学成分组成及药理作用,提高降香药材利用率是降香研究中的两大重任.鉴于此,现就降香挥发油化学成分,药理作用,药剂学研究等进行综述,为深入开发利用降香挥发油提供参考依据.     

基于粉末颜色数字化的市售降香真伪判别分析

目的 基于粉末颜色数字化建立鉴别真伪降香数学模型的判别分析。方法 收集39批市售降香样品,使用色差仪测量降香粉末L*、a*、b*、E*ab值,运用显微和薄层方法鉴别市售降香真伪,通过统计学分析,建立市售降香真、伪判别分析模型。结果 通过测定市售降香粉末色差值,建立市售降香真、伪色差判别数学模型,判别真伪结果与鉴别结果一致。结论 通过色差值快速鉴别真伪降香的方法有效,可以为中药材色差鉴别和分析提供参考和依据。     

降香药材色谱指纹图谱的建立及其在药材鉴定中的应用

目的建立评价降香药材质量的液相色谱指纹图谱分析方法，并采用液相色谱-质谱联用技术对其主要成分进行定性分析。方法采用Phenomenex Luna C₁₈色谱柱，以乙腈-0.3%醋酸水溶液为流动相梯度洗脱，流速为1.0 mL·min^-1，检测波长为275 nm，测定了37批不同来源的降香药材的HPLC-UV指纹图谱以及其中3批代表性药材的HPLC-DAD-MS图谱。结果根据指纹图谱相似度分析结果，将降香药材分为3类；利用HPLC-DAD-MS技术分析了3类药材化学组成上的异同，并分别在3类药材中指认了10个，7个和2个酚性成分。结论本方法可用于降香药材的指纹图谱测定，并为其质量评价提供可靠依据。     

香丹注射液中降香质量考察研究

目的：考察市售香丹注射液中所含降香成分的质量优劣。方法： 采用TLC法以降香对照药材作对照,GC指纹图谱、GC-MS法挥发性成分鉴定,对174批香丹注射液中降香挥发性成分进行考察研究。结论： 对全国13家企业生产的174批样品检验,综合TLC、GC、GC-MS法检测降香成分结果,有7家企业产品评价为优,2家企业产品评价为一般,另有4家企业产品难以检测到降香成分,评价为差。     

不同地区商品降香的指纹图谱及甘草素含量的比较

目的采用HPLC法测定降香中甘草素的含量,利用指纹图谱比较不同地区商品降香的质量。方法色谱柱为WatersSunfire C18(150 mm×4.6 mm,5μm);流动相为乙腈-0.3%醋酸溶液;梯度洗脱,流速1 mL.min-1;检测波长275 nm。结果甘草素浓度与峰面积呈良好的线性关系(r=0.9999),平均回收率为99.3%,RSD=2.47%,不同地区商品降香中甘草素含量有差异明显;指认了20个共有峰的化学成分,通过对不同地区商品降香指纹图谱的比较,相似度差异较大,根据相似度将降香分为3类;相似度与共有峰、特征峰的峰面积呈现正相关性。结论所用方法快速简捷、重复性好,可准确地测定降香中甘草素的含量;不同地区商品降香的质量差异较大。     

川产百部及其伪品的形态、组织学鉴别

百部为常用中药,从古至今种类混乱,作者根据在四川各地收集到的标本进行了形态学和组织学方面的研究,找出了其主要鉴别点,具体区别详见文中各检索表。     

法莫替丁片剂和胶囊剂体外溶出度考察

目的 对国内四个生产厂家的法莫替丁片及胶囊进行了体外溶出度对比实验,观察其体外溶出度。方法 采用１９９５年版药典二部转蓝法,以人工胃液为介质,用紫外分光光度法测定含量。结果 各产品溶出度均符合规定,但溶出常数经ｔ法检查,Ｄ样品Ｔ５０与其它产品差异显著（Ｐ〈０．０５）。结论 剂型影响溶出度。     

A comparison of the effects on intragastric acidity of bedtime or dinnertime administration of a once daily dose of famotidine

Summary In order to assess whether dinnertime administration of a once daily dose of famotidine is more advantageous than a bedtime dose in suppressing evening and nocturnal gastric acidity, we gave nine patients with a past history of duodenal ulcer in double-blind, randomized fashion either (1) placebo at 6 p.m. and 10 p.m., (2) famotidine 40 mg at 6 p.m. (Fam 6) + placebo at 10 p.m. or (3) placebo at 6 p.m. + famotidine at 10 p.m. (Fam 10) on three separate occasions.Comparison of the 24-h median pH values showed that the two administrations of famotidine were superior to placebo, while Fam 6 was significantly more effective than Fam 10. The gain in acid suppression of Fam 6 with respect to Fam 10 was particularly evident from 6 p.m. to midnight.Although the antisecretory effectiveness of Fam 6 was lower than that of Fam 10 from 4 a.m. to 8 a.m., it remained clearly higher than that of placebo and ensured virtual anacidity (median pH=6.7) even in this time segment.We conclude that a once daily dose of famotidine at 6 p.m. is better than bedtime administration at covering the long period of continuous unbuffered intragastric acidity which extends from after the evening meal to breakfast.     

Casein kinases as potential therapeutic targets

Introduction: The conventional term ‘casein kinase’ (CK) denotes three classes of kinases – CK1, CK2 and Golgi-CK (G-CK)/Fam20C (family with sequence similarity 20, member C) – sharing the ability to phoshorylate casein in vitro, but otherwise unrelated to each other. All CKs have been reported to be implicated in human diseases, and reviews individually dealing with the druggability of CK1 and CK2 are available. Our aim is to provide a comparative analysis of the three classes of CKs as therapeutic targets.

Areas covered: CK2 is the CK for which implication in neoplasia is best documented, with the survival of cancer cells often relying on its overexpression. An ample variety of cell-permeable CK2 inhibitors have been developed, with a couple of these now in clinical trials. Isoform-specific CK1 inhibitors that are expected to play a beneficial role in oncology and neurodegeneration have been also developed. In contrast, the pathogenic potential of G-CK/Fam20C is caused by its loss of function. Activators of Fam20C, notably sphingolipids and their analogs, may prove beneficial in this respect.

Expert opinion: Optimization of CK2 and CK1 inhibitors will prove useful to develop new therapeutic strategies for treating cancer and neurodegenerative disorders, while the design of potent activators of G-CK/Fam20C will provide a new tool in the fields of bio-mineralization and hypophosphatemic diseases.     

奥美拉唑与法莫替丁治疗十二指肠溃疡的对比

活动性十二指肠溃疡（ＤＵ）４６例（男性３３例、女性１３例，年龄４１±ｓ１１ａ），以奥美拉唑（Ｏｍｅ）２０ｍｇ，ｐｏ，ｑｄ，与３８例（男性２９例，女性９例，年龄４４±１２ａ）用法莫替丁（Ｆａｍ）４０ｍｇ，ｐｏｑｎ治疗作对比，疗程４ｗｋ。Ｏｍｅ组溃疡愈合率为９３％，Ｆ组为６１％，Ｐ＜０．０１。Ｏｍｅ组服药后１－２ｄ止痛者５７％，４ｄ内为１００％，Ｆａｍ组分别为２１％和６２％（Ｐ＜０．０１和Ｐ＜０．０５）。Ｏｍｅ疗效优于Ｆａｍ。     

Comparison of gastric pH with omeprazole magnesium 20.6 mg (Prilosec OTC) o.m. famotidine 10 mg (Pepcid AC) b.d. and famotidine 20 mg b.d. over 14 days of treatment

BACKGROUND: The onset of acid inhibition for proton pump inhibitors is slower than with H2RAs and generally considered to be at a steady-state after 5 days. Thus, little direct comparison data exists between H2RAs and proton pump inhibitors for gastric acid suppression on day 1 of therapy. Furthermore, the durability of their acid suppression has not been systematically compared. AIM: To compare the effects of 20.6 mg omeprazole magnesium o.m. (Ome-Mg 20), famotidine 10 mg b.d. (Fam 10) and famotidine 20 mg b.d. (Fam 20) on intragastric pH on day 1 and throughout 14 days of dosing. METHODS: The study was a randomized, double-blind, three-dosing regimens, three-period crossover. Healthy adults with frequent heartburn (> or =2 days/week) underwent 24-h gastric pH monitoring on days 0 (baseline), 1, 3, 7 and 14. RESULTS: Thirty-one subjects were included in the per-protocol analyses. On day 1, the mean percentage time pH > 4 (pH4%) was higher for Ome-Mg 20, 44.6%, than for Fam 10, 36.7% (P = 0.032), and not different from Fam 20, 46.9% (P = 0.541). The pH4% was higher for Ome-Mg 20 than either famotidine regimen on all subsequent monitoring days (P < 0.001). The 24-h area under the mean intragastric pH curve showed a similar pattern. Furthermore, after day 1, Ome-Mg 20 demonstrated an increasing and sustained effect in contrast to a decreasing effect for famotidine, consistent with H2RA tolerance. CONCLUSION: Gastric acid suppression on Ome-Mg 20 mg o.m. over 14 days was comparable with Fam 10 mg b.d. or Fam 20 mg b.d. on day 1, and superior thereafter.     

In vivo anti-ulcerogenic effect of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) on ethanol-induced acute gastric mucosal lesions

Context: Okra, Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) (Malvaceae), is a medicinal plant widely used in Turkish traditional medicine for the treatment of various diseases such as ulcers and gastritis.

Objective: In the present study, we evaluated the gastroprotective effect of okra against ethanol-induced acute gastric mucosal injury in animal models.

Materials and methods: Wistar rats were treated with 500, 250 or 100?mg/kg okra; 20?mg/kg famotidine (Fam); and 75?mg/kg quercetin (Que). Following a 60?min period, all the rats were given 1?mL of ethanol (80%). One hour after the administration of ethanol, all groups were sacrificed.

Results: At 5000?mg/kg, the extract produced (okra) no signs of toxicity in animals. Okra 500, 250, 100, Fam 20 and Que 75 inhibited ulcer formation by 81.0, 67.5, 67.0, 76.3 and 72.4%, respectively. Okra 500 significantly decreased edema, hemorrhage and inflammation scores compared with the ethanol group (p?p?p?p?Discussion and conclusions: Our in vivo data indicate that okra has a gastroprotective effect against ethanol and could reduce the gastric ulcer as seen from biochemical and histopathological results. We suggest that okra could be a possible therapeutic antiulcer agent.     

法莫替丁、雷尼替丁、西米替丁的药理作用比较

Fam非竞争性地拮抗组胺对豚鼠心房和大鼠于官的作用.而Ran和Cim呈竞争性地拮抗作用。它们的pA_z值分别是6.24和8.26.5.16和7.22.4.08和6.17。Fam、Ran、Cim均呈剂量依赖性的减少大鼠基础胃酸和胃蛋白酶分泌,抑制组胺刺激性胃酸分泌.预防应激及消炎痛和组胺引起的急性胃粘膜损伤.促进醋酸所致的慢性胃溃疡的愈合.F am的作用强度为Ran的6～8 倍.Cim的30～40倍.此外Cim能明显增加戊巴比妥的催眠作用,Fam的作用弱于Cim·而Ran没有作用。     

Detection of Cannabinoids in Phelipaea ramosa, a Parasite of Cannabis sativa.

Cannabino?ds have been characterized in PHELIPAEA RAMOSA L. which lives as a parasite on Hemp ( CANNABIS SATIVA L.). This confirms that these substances are not exclusively found in glandular trichomes of chlorophyllian organs of the CANNABIS.     

风轮菜属5种药用植物的形态、解剖及化学成分

本文报道5种常见的风轮菜属药用植物的形态、解剖及化学成分的比较研究。对5种植物分别进行了生药性状描述,叶主脉、叶柄、茎的解剖构造和粉末特征以及花粉粒的光学显微镜及扫描电镜的观察;并用薄层层析法对它们的化学成分作了比较。