HPLC-PAD法测定硫酸依替米星注射液有关物质及含量

目的：建立硫酸依替米星注射液有关物质及含量的反相高效液相色谱-脉冲安培电化学(HPLC-PAD)法。方法：采用十八烷基硅烷键合硅胶为填充剂(4.6mm×250mm,5μm或效能相当的色谱柱),柱温35℃。以0.2mol.L_^-1三氟乙酸溶液(含0.05%五氟丙酸,1.5g.L_^-1无水硫酸钠,0.8%(V/V)的50%氢氧化钠溶液,用50%氢氧化钠溶液调节pH值至3.5)-乙腈(95：5)为流动相,流速为每分钟1.0ml。柱后加碱(50%氢氧化钠溶液1→25,流速每分钟0.5ml)。用积分脉冲安培电化学检测器检测。结果：依替米星在0.075~50μg.mL_^-1(r =0.9996)内线性关系良好;单个最大杂质的重复性试验的RSD(n =6)为1.4%,总杂质的重复性试验的RSD(n =6)为1.7%,含量测定的重复性试验的RSD(n =6)为0. 8%;方法的检测限(S/N =3)为75ng.mL_^-1,定量限(S/N =10)为250ng.mL_^-1;供试品溶液在12 h内稳定性良好。结论：经方法学验证,该方法可以用于硫酸依替米星注射液有关物质及含量的测定。     

槐定碱的气相色谱测定法及其在兔体内的药代动力学

兔血浆中槐定碱的气相色谱测定条件:氮气、氢气和空气的流速分别为60,40和380ml/min。填充柱、进样室和检测室温度分别为190,280和300℃。内标物为槐胺碱,血浆中槐定碱浓度为3.0和10.0μg/ml时,测得回收率分别为103.6±2.4%(CV=2.34%)和101.5±6.5%(CV=6.35%)。线性范围为1～15/μg/ml。槐定碱在兔体内的药代动力学按二房室拟合,其混合参数值:α.0.0864 min^-1;β.0.00932 min^-1;Vc.1.19 L/kg;V_area.2.07 L/kg;V_dvv.1.99L/kg;Cl.19.3 ml/min·kg;MRT.103min。     

新类型酸性色素定量胺类化合物的研究:羊毛罂粟蓝测定胺类药物

前报报道了自70种色素中研究选出测定胺类的两种色素之一:二甲苯蓝(XC)⁽¹⁾,本文报道另一种色素:羊毛罂粟蓝(EG)。经研究得出:EG对亲脂性较大的胺,苯乙托品(Ⅰ)⁽²⁾的检出限为15ng/ml,苯乃辛(Ⅱ)⁽²⁾为20 ng/ml,其吸收系数(E_{1cm^1%)(Ⅰ为36.89×10²,Ⅱ为24.36×10²)为溴百里酚蓝(BTIJ)的4.6～5.9倍。EG—胺配合物的氯仿液呈绿蓝色,λmax635.5nm。测定时色素浓度应为2×10^-3mol/L。检量线在0～7(Ⅰ)与0～10(Ⅱ)μg/ml为直线。EG—胺配合物的分子比在EG浓度为2×10^-3mol/L时,EG:Ⅱ=1:1;2×10^-4mol/L时则为0.5:1。Ⅰ则在EG浓度不同时分子比基本不变,为1.3:1。用EG测定Ⅰ或Ⅱ0.2μg/ml时,CV在±5%以内;2.5,5.0,10.0μg/ml时为±1～2%。EG与XC一样,为文献上尚未用来测定胺类的新类型酸性色素,属同一类,其基本构造为:}     

高压液相法测定家兔用吡喹酮后的血药浓度及药代动力学参数

本文报道用高压液相法测定家兔用吡喹酮后的血药浓度及药代动力学参数。方法条件:青岛硅胶(5～10μm)柱作吸附层析;正丁醇—氯仿—乙酸乙酯—10%氨水(20:20:60:3)作流动相。荧光检测:λ_ex260nm,λ_em285nm。检测限为20ng吡喹酮,线性范围为0.1～0.9μg/ml血浆。家兔静注吡喹酮后K_α=3.00h^-1,t_1/2(α)=0.23h,K_el=0.28h^-1,t_1/2(β)=2.48h。家兔口服吡喹酮片剂及胶囊后,胶囊的相对生物利用度为片剂的74.8%。     

盐酸维拉帕米渗透泵片溶出度与人体生物利用度研究

溶出度按Weibull's分布处理得T_d=5.76 h,T₅₀=3.9 h,零级溶出速度常数K_t=9.9450,平均体外溶解时间MDT=5.391 h。测定8名健康受试者,单剂量口服,得C_max=76.2±16.7 ng/ml,T_amx=8.0 h,t_1/2=9.75 h,MRT=19.41 h,MAT=5.34 h,与Knoll公司SR片相比,F_rel=101.71%;与市售普通片相比,F_rel=96.16%。多剂量口服,得C_max=121.47±34.5 ng/ml,T_max=7.14 h。按Loo-Riegelman方程处理表明体内外显著相关。理论值与实测值基本相符。     

血浆中葛根素的高效液相色谱测定法及其在狗体内的药代动力学

为阐明葛根素的代谢规律,建立了血浆中葛根素的高效液相色谱荧光检测法。用YWG-C₁₆为固定相,甲醇—水—0.1mol·L^-1磷酸缓冲液(pH7.4)(450∶522.5∶27.5)为流动相,大豆甙元作内标,以峰高比计算含量。葛根素的平均回收率为95.3%,RSD为4.8%;最低检测量为0.04ng,相当于10ng·mL^-1血浆。方法灵敏、特异、简便、快速。狗静注2.25mg·kg^-1葛根素的血药浓度—时间曲线符合开放二室模型,T_1/2α及T_1/2β分别为6.0及57.4min。     

20(R)-人参皂苷Rg3人体药代动力学研究

目的　研究20(R)-人参皂苷Rg3(GRg3)人体药代动力学。方法高效液相色谱－紫外检测法。结果　8名健康志愿者单剂量口服3.2mg.kg^-1GRg3,其药时曲线符合口服吸收有滞后时间的二房室模型,T_max为(0.66±0.10)h,C_max为(16±6)ng.mL^-1,T_1/2α为(0.46±0.12)h,T_1/2β为(4.9±1.1)h,T_1/2(Ka)为(0.28±0.04)h,AUC_0-∞为(77±26)ng.mL^-1.h;6名健康志愿者单剂量口服0.8mg.kg^-1GRg3,由于血药浓度低,可测数据点少,未进行模型模拟;两组给药剂量与相应C_max实测值比较,二者成正比关系。结论　本品口服吸收快,消除也较快,但血药浓度很低。在所试剂量范围内,GRg3属一级动力学吸收、消除过程。     

LC-MS/MS法测定氟哌啶醇在大鼠体内的血药浓度及其药动学研究

摘 要 目的：建立液相色谱 串联质谱法测定大鼠血浆中氟哌啶醇浓度,并探索氟哌啶醇在大鼠体内的药动学特征。 方法: 以咪达唑仑为内标,血浆样品经乙腈沉淀蛋白提取分离。前置柱：菲罗门C₁₈柱;色谱柱： Symmetry C₁₈ 柱（50 mm×2.1 mm,3.5 μm）;流动相：10 mmol · L^-1乙酸铵（用甲酸调节pH至3.4） 乙腈;流速：0.3 ml · min^-1,采用梯度洗脱;柱温:40 ℃;进样量为10 μl。离子源：ESI源;检测方式：正离子模式;扫描方式：多反应离子监测（MRM）;喷雾电压：5 500 V;温度：450 ℃;GAS1和GAS2流速：50 ml · min^-1;用于定量分析的离子反应分别为氟哌啶醇（m/z376.2→165.1,碰撞能为32 eV）和咪达唑仑（m/z326.1→291.2,碰撞能为35 eV）。结果: 氟哌啶醇在1.0~200.0 ng · mL^-1浓度范围内线性关系良好（R²=0.997 7）,提取回收率在75.2%~86.3%。主要药动学参数AUC0-t为（175.5±21.3）ng· h· mL^-1,t1/2为（2.12±0.24）h,Cmax为（97.7±21.6）ng · mL^-1。结论:该方法操作简便、快速、准确、重复性好,可应用于氟哌啶醇在大鼠体内的药动学研究。     

硝苯吡啶控释微丸研究

国内至今尚未有硝苯吡啶缓释制剂的报道。本文研制了硝苯吡啶控释微丸,并从体外溶出、家犬及人体试验诸方面进行评价。硝苯吡啶控释微丸体外释药基本符合一级方程(K=0.23h^-1),而更符合Higuchi方程(K=37.05h^1/2);家犬体内血药浓度较国外报道的缓释微丸更平稳,人体血药浓度也较平稳,10 min左右能达20ng/ml以上,维持在20～70ng/ml的时间约为15h,生物利用度较速释微丸略高。本文还对硝苯吡啶的药动学特性作了初步探讨,硝苯吡啶体内过程符合双室模型(t_1/2β为3.5h)。     

血浆中去甲地西泮及代谢物奥沙西泮的HPLC测定方法和大鼠口服药代动力学

采用高效液相色谱法测定去甲地西泮(去甲安定)及其代谢产物奥沙西泮。以RP-C₁₈为固定相,乙腈—0.01mol·L^-1醋酸钠(pH3.8,33.3:66.6)为流动相,地西泮为内标物,紫外波长240nm处定量测定。去甲地西泮、奥沙西泮和内标物的保留时间分别为2.8min,4.85min和8.5min;绝对回收率分别为74%,86%和86%。奥沙西泮在35.3～2260ng·ml^-1,去甲地西泮在20～2560ng·ml^-1血浆浓度范围内线性关系良好,r=0.9997和r=0.9998。二药的最低检测浓度分别为10ng·ml、和7ng·ml^-1;日内和日间相对标准偏差(RSD)均分别小于6%和10%(n=5)。多种常用药物对样品的色谱峰无干扰。并用此法研究了大鼠单次口服去甲地西泮的药代动力学。     

Measurement of flecainide acetate in human plasma by an extraction spectrophotofluorometric method

A fluorometric method for the quantitation of 2,5-bis-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-N-(2-piperidylmethyl)benzamide acetate (R-818, flecainide acetate) in human plasma has been developed. The minimum quantifiable concentration of flecainide acetate by this method is 25 ng/ml with a 2 ml plasma sample; a slightly modified procedure which also requires the use of a microcell in the spectrophotofluorometer further increases the maximum sensitivity to 12.5 ng/ml. The precision, expressed as relative standard deviation is 2.9, 0.7, 5.6, 3.5, and 4.3% for 75, 150, 250, 500, and 700 ng flecainide acetate/ml, respectively. The accuracy, expressed as relative error, is -6.7, -3.3, -0.4, +4.4, and -0.4%, respectively, for the corresponding concentrations specified above. The relative standard deviations for the inter-day variation are 19, 7, 9, 9, 8, 10, 13, 12, and 9% for the 25, 50, 100, 200, 300, 400, 600, 800, and 1000 ng/ml standards, respectively. Preliminary data indicate that propranolol and quinidine interfere with this method while procainamide, disopyramide, hydralazine, methyldopa, diazepam, hydrochlorothiazide, and sulfinpyrazone exhibit little or no interference. The results of the analyses of clinical samples by the fluorometric method agree well with an established GLC method. Thus, the quality of the fluorometric method is considered adequate for estimating plasma flecainide acetate levels during drug therapy in most non-research settings, if careful consideration is given to possible interference by other drugs.     

Investigation of pharmacokinetic data of hypericin, pseudohypericin, hyperforin and the flavonoids quercetin and isorhamnetin revealed from single and multiple oral dose studies with a hypericum extract containing tablet in healthy male volunteers

Hypericins, hyperforin and flavonoids are discussed as the main components contributing to the antidepressant action of St. John's wort (Hypericum perforatum). Therefore, the objective of the two open phase I clinical trials was to obtain pharmacokinetic data of these constituents from a hypericum extract containing tablet: hypericin, pseudohypericin, hyperforin, the flavonoid aglycone quercetin, and its methylated form isorhamnetin. Each trial included 18 healthy male volunteers who received the test preparation, containing 900 mg dry extract of St John's wort (STW 3-VI, Laif 900), either as a single oral dose or as a multiple once daily dose over a period of 14 days. Concentration/time curves were determined for the five constituents, for 48 h after single dosing and for 24 h on day 14 at the end of 2 weeks of continuous daily dosing. After single dose intake, the key pharmacokinetic parameters were determined as follows: Hypericin: Area under the curve (AUC(0-infinity)) = 78.33 h x ng/ml, maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) = 3.8 ng/ml, time to reach Cmax (tmax) = 7.9 h, and elimination half-life (t1/2) = 18.71 h; pseudohypericin: AUC(0-infinity) = 97.28 h x ng/ml, Cmax = 10.2 ng/ml, tmax = 2.7 h, t1/2 = 17.19 h; hyperforin: AUC(0-infinity) = 1550.4 h x ng/ml, Cmax = 122.0 ng/ml, tmax = 4.5 h, t1/2 = 17.47 h. Quercetin and isorhamnetin showed two peaks of maximum plasma concentration separated by about 3-3.5 h. Quercetin: AUC(0-infinity) = 417.38 h x ng/ml, Cmax (1) = 89.5 ng/ml, tmax (1) = 1.0 h, Cma (2) = 79.1 ng/ml, tmax (2) = 4.4 h, t1/2 = 2.6 h; isorhamnetin: AUC(0-infinity) = 155.72 h x ng/ml, Cmax (1) = 12.5 ng/ml, tmax (1) = 1.4 h, Cmax (2) = 14.6 ng/ml, tmax (2) = 4.5 h, t1/2 = 5.61 h. Under steady state conditions reached during multiple dose administration similar results were obtained. Further pharmacokinetic characteristics calculated from the obtained data were the mean residence time (MRT), the lag-time, the peak-trough fluctuation (PTF), the lowest observed plasma concentration (Cmin), and the average plasma concentration (Cav). The data obtained for the five consitituents generally corresponded well with values previously published. The trial preparation was well tolerated.     

Investigation of the bioavailability of hypericin, pseudohypericin, hyperforin and the flavonoids quercetin and isorhamnetin following single and multiple oral dosing of a hypericum extract containing tablet

The objective of these two open phase I clinical trials was the investigation of the bioavailability of five constituents from a hypericum extract containing tablet, which are discussed as the components contributing to the antidepressant action. Each trial included 18 healthy male volunteers who received the test preparation, containing 612 mg dry extract of St John's wort (STW-3, Laif 600), either as a single oral dose or as a multiple once daily dose over a period of 14 days. Concentration/time curves were determined for hypericin, pseudohypericin, hyperforin, the flavonoid aglycone quercetin, and its methylated form isorhamnetin for 48 h after single dosing and for 24 h on day 14 at the end of 2 weeks of continuous daily dosing. After single dose intake, the key pharmacokinetic parameters were determined as follows: hypericin: area under the curve (AUC(0-infinity)) = 75.96 h x ng/ml, maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) = 3.14 ng/ml, time to reach Cmax (t(max)) = 8.1 h, and elimination half-life (t1/2) = 23.76 h; pseudohypericin: AUC(0-infinity) = 93.03 h x ng/ml, Cmax = 8.50 ng/ml, t(max) = 3.0 h, t1/2 = 25.39 h; hyperforin: AUC(0-max) = 1009.0 h x ng/ml, Cmax = 83.5 nglml, t(max) = 4.4 h, t1/2 = 19.64 h. Quercetin and isohamnetin showed two peaks of maximum plasma concentration separated by about 4 h. Quercetin: AUC(0-infinity) = 318,7 h x ng/ml, Cmax (1) = 47.7 ng/ml, t(max) (1) = 1.17 h, Cmax (2) = 43.8 ng/ml, t(max) (2) = 5.47 h, t1/2 = 4.16 h; isorhamnetin: AUC(0-infinity) = 98.0 h x ng/ml, Cmax (1) = 7.6 ng/ml, t(max) (1) = 1.53 h, Cmax (2) = 9.0 ng/ml, t(max), (2) = 6.42 h, t1/2 = 4.45 h. Under steady state conditions reached during multiple dose administration similar results were obtained. Further pharmacokinetic characteristics calculated from the obtained data were the mean residence time (MRT), the lag-time, the peak-trough fluctuation (PTF), the lowest observed plasma concentration (Cmin), and the average plasma concentration (Cav). The data obtained for hypericin, pseudohypericin and hyperforin generally corresponded well with values previously published, with some deviations observed for the extent of absorption of hypericin and the time course of absorption and elimination of hyperforin. The kinetic characteristics of the hypericum flavonoids are reported here for the first time. The trial preparation was well tolerated.     

Measurement of flecainide plasma concentrations by high performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection

A simple, rapid, selective, and sensitive high performance liquid chromatographic method for the assay of flecainide in plasma has been developed. The method includes extraction of plasma samples via activated BondElut C8 disposable columns with methanol at pH 9.0 after addition of internal standard, and initially on column washings of samples at pH 9.0 with water and acetonitrile. The obtained methanolic extract is directly injected into the liquid chromatograph. Separation is performed using a Radial-Pak C18 5-micron column operating in combination with a radial compression separation unit and a methanol:25% ammonia (99.9:0.1, v/v) mobile phase. The eluent is monitored with a fluorescence detector operating at an excitation wavelength of 293 nm and an emission filter of 340 nm. Endogenous substances or a variety of drugs concomitantly used in flecainide therapy do not interfere with the assay. The plasma calibration curve of flecainide is linear in the concentration range of 25 to 1000 ng/mL. The mean recovery of flecainide from plasma with concentrations varying from 50 to 1000 ng/mL is 100 +/- 3%. The limit of sensitivity of the assay is 10 ng/mL. The intra- and inter-day coefficient of variation for replicate analysis of spiked plasma samples is less than 5 and 10% respectively. The mean plasma flecainide level in 48 patients, using a mean oral daily maintenance dose of 283 +/- 72 mg for at least one week was 557 +/- 250 ng/mL. The relationship between the steady state flecainide plasma concentration and daily flecainide maintenance dose in mg in 48 patients was investigated.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

样品固相净化及反相高效液相色谱法测定血浆中茶碱

本文用氧化铝固相净化血样以消除血中杂质及某些合并用药的干扰,用Zorbax-C18柱及甲醇-(0.05 mol/L)醋酸钠缓冲液(50:50)为流动相,254 nm波长检测,咖啡因为内标测定了茶碱人体血浆浓度的变化。该法样品处理简便、快速,净化回收率好(80～86%)茶碱的检测限为0.2ng(信噪比3),在血浆中的最低检测浓度为20 ng/ml。标准曲线r为0.9995,日内变异系数1.89%,日间变异系数为2.41%,方法平均回收率为98.44±0.89%。     

High performance liquid chromatography for routine monitoring of serum flecainide

We developed a simple, rapid, and selective assay method for determination of serum flecainide by using solid phase extraction and reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) equipped with ordinary octadecylsilyl silica (ODS) column and ultraviolet (UV) detector. Serum samples spiked with the internal standard were treated by a disposable C(18)-cartridge to extract flecainide. The flecainide and internal standard were separated on ODS column and were detected with an UV detector set at 298 nm. The mobile phase solvent consisting of 0.1 M 1-pentanesulfonic acid sodium salt, acetonitrile, and acetic acid (250:206:2.5 v/v) was used at the flow rate of 1.0 ml/min. The calibration curve for flecainide was linear at the concentration of 50-1500 ng/ml (r=0.9998). The recoveries of flecainide from serum samples were 92-98%. The coefficient of variations (CVs) for intra- and inter-day assay were 1.3-4.8 and 3.2-6.9%, respectively. The method could be applied to routine monitoring of serum flecainide in the patients with tachyarrhythmia.     

气相色谱法测定人血浆中非洛地平浓度及药代动力学

采用气相色谱—电子捕获检测法测定人血浆中非洛地平浓度,研究中国男性正常人口服该药的药代动力学规律,为临床用药提供依据。血浆样品经乙醚—正己烷(2∶1)萃取浓缩后进行测定。结果表明非洛地平浓度在0.5～10ng·ml^-1范围内线性良好(γ=0.9991)。此法简便易行,精密度好,日内、日间的RSD分别小于5.09%及8.62%。回收率平均为97.3%±4.0%。测定了10名健康者单次口服非洛地平10mg后不同时间的血药浓度并计算了相应的药代动力学参数。     

HPLC测定血浆中吡咯地尔浓度

建立了测定吡咯地尔血浆药物浓度的HPLC.采用YWG-C_(18)柱(10μm,15cm×4.6mm I.D.),检测波UV254nm,流动相为甲醇:水:10%三乙胺磷酸缓冲液(pH4.5):二氯甲烷=75:15:10:5,流速1.0ml/min;1.0ml血浆用正己烷:异丁醇(98:2)提取,内标法定量.线性范围10～2000ng/ml,最低检测浓度3ng/ml.平均提取回收率90.02%,平均方法回收率100.33%,日内RSD<4.0%,日间RSD<5.5%.     

Assessment of serum flecainide trough levels in patients with tachyarrhythmia

The reported therapeutic range for trough flecainide concentration is 200-1000 ng mL(-1). Severe adverse events, such as ventricular arrhythmias, have occurred occasionally in patients whose serum flecainide exceeded 1000 ng mL(-1). However, the lower limit remains controversial. We have evaluated blood flecainide concentrations in patients with tachyarrhythmia who received the drug to control palpitation. We measured the flecainide trough levels and incidence and frequency of palpitation of 44 outpatients receiving oral flecainide (150-300 mg daily). Mean serum flecainide trough concentrations differed significantly between patients with (n = 14) and without (n = 30) palpitation (259.5 +/- 85.2 vs 462.2 +/- 197.7 ng mL(-1), P < 0.01). The frequency of palpitation decreased as the serum flecainide concentration increased. The incidence of palpitation was 65% at serum flecainide concentrations < 300 ng mL(-1) and 11% at > or = 300 ng mL(-1). QRS values were increased significantly in patients with serum flecainide < 300 ng mL(-1) compared with > or = 300 ng mL(-1) (0.110 +/- 0.016 s vs 0.093 +/- 0.019 s, P < 0.05). We concluded that to control paroxysm in patients receiving flecainide for tachyarrhythmia serum flecainide concentrations should be maintained at > or = 300 ng mL(-1).     

RP-HPLC法测定家兔血浆中甲苯喹哌浓度和药代动力学参数

本文建立了以紫外230nm波长检测的反相高效液相色谱法(RP-HPLC)测定家兔血浆中甲苯喹派浓度。填料使用LiChrosorb RP-C18,流动相为甲醇—水—三乙胺—磷酸(63:37:1:0.8 v/v),血样(或尿样)经碱化后用乙醚提取,再以0.2 mol/L硫酸回提,进样。方法回收率为99.84±3.10(SD)%;天内、天间精密度平均CV为4.12%及3.95%(n=5);最低检测限3ng.经提取的标准线性浓度在25～2000 ng/ml范围内,Y=0.002865X-0.01346,r=0.9999,内源性物质及可能的合并用药不干扰色谱测定。文内用质谱法鉴定血样中甲苯喹哌色谱峰纯度,并由尿样分析对其主要代谢物予以初步验证。本法可应用于药代动力学参数测定。家兔按8mg/kg静注后,药—时曲线符合二室模型T_1/2=4.8008±1.1522(SD)h。