羽叶三七叶中甙类成分的研究

从羽叶三七叶中分离到十三种甙类成分,经FAB-MS,¹³CNMR谱,双照射¹HN-MR谱,¹H-¹H COSY谱及与标准品直接对照,证明十一种为已知化合物,分别为人参皂甙F₁(Ⅰ),F₂(Ⅱ),F₃(Ⅲ),R_g2(Ⅳ),R_a(Ⅴ),R_d(Ⅵ),R_b1(Ⅷ),R_b3(Ⅷ),24(S)-假人参甙F₁₁(Ⅸ),人参黄酮(Ⅹ)和珠子参甙F₁(Ⅺ);另外两种为新的达玛烷型皂甙,命名为羽叶三七甙F₁(Ⅻ)和F₂(ⅫⅠ),并确定其化学结构。同时修正珠子参甙F₃的结构。进一步阐明人参黄酮甙结构中的两个糖的连接方式。     

野木瓜甙YM10和YM12的结构

从野木瓜(Stauntonia chinensis DC.)中分离得到二个去甲五环三萜皂甙化合物,经化学和光谱分析,分别鉴定为3-O-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖-(1→2)-α-L-吡喃阿拉伯糖-30去甲齐墩果-12,20(29)-二烯-28-羧酸-28-O-α-L-呲喃鼠李糖-(1→4-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖-(1→6)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖酯,命名为野术瓜甙YM10(Ⅰ)和3-O-α-L-呲喃鼠李糖-(1→2)-α-L-吡喃阿拉伯糖-30-去甲齐墩果-12,20(29)-二烯-28-羧酸-28-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖-(1→6)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖酯,命名为野木瓜甙YM₁₂(Ⅱ)。Ⅰ和Ⅱ均系首次从植物中得到的新化合物。     

人参属植物姜状三七的皂甙成分

我们曾从三七(Panax notoginseng(Burk.)F.H.Chen)根分离到人参二醇和人参三醇,并用称量法和薄层层析法对国产人参属植物的三萜皂甙成分进行比较,讨论了达马烷型皂甙与齐墩果烷型皂甙成分的组成和人参属植物系统分类及地理分布的关系。1979年以来,我们又进而研究云南产各种人参属植物三萜皂甙的分离和结构鉴定,已报告的有三七根,芦头(即剪口),花,叶和果;珠子参(P.japonicus C.A.Meyer var.ma-     

近十年来珠子参的皂甙成分及药理研究进展

本文综述了近十年来有关珠子参的皂甙成分及药理研究进展。总计从珠子参根茎及叶中分出了二十五个皂甙,其中有十个为新化合物;药理实验表明珠子参有镇痛、抗炎、免疫及抗心律不齐等作用。     

用核磁共振新技术测定日本续断皂甙E1的结构

从日本续断Dipsocus japunicus Miq.根的乙醇提到物中得到一个新三萜皂甙(5糖甙)，命名为日本续断皂甙E₁(japondipsaponin E₁)。用化学方法及¹HNMR,¹³CNMR,¹H-¹H COSY，一维多重接力COSY，选择性远程DEPT和三重共振NOE差谱等方法，鉴定其结构为3-O-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖(1-3)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖（1→3）-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖（1→2）-α-L-吡喃阿拉伯糖常春藤皂甙元28-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖甙。     

大叶珠子参脂溶性化学成分的研究

从大叶珠子参根茎中分得七个化合物。经水解、IR、~1H-NMR、~(13)C-NMR,MS 测定,已鉴定了五个化合物的结构,分别为:齐墩果酸—28-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖甙(B-3)、齐墩果酸(B-6)、β-谷甾醇-3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖甙(B-2),β-谷甾醇(B-1)及丁二酸(B-4)。     

异叶梁王茶甙Ⅲ和Ⅳ的结构

继前报后,又从异叶梁王茶[Nothopanax davidii(France)Harms]树皮中分离得到两种五环三萜皂甙。经化学和波谱(IR,~1HNMR,~(13)CHMR,~1H-~1HCOSY,~(13)C-~1H COSY,MS)分析,分别鉴定为3-O-α-(2’,4’-O-二乙酰基)-L-吡喃阿拉伯糖-3β-羟基齐墩果-12-烯-28,29-双羧酸-28-O-[α-L-吡喃鼠李糖(1-4)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖(1—6)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖]酯甙(Ⅲ),命名为异叶梁王茶甙Ⅲ和3-O-β-(2-O-乙酰基)-D-吡喃木糖-3β-羟齐墩果-12-烯-28,29-双羧酸甙(Ⅳ),命名为异叶梁王茶甙Ⅳ。这两种皂甙均系首次从植物中分出的新化合物。     

用核磁共振新技术测定川续断皂甙F和H1两个新皂甙的结构及光谱规律研究

从川续断(Dipsacus asperoides c．Y．cheng et T．M．Ai)根部的乙醇提取物中得到二个新三萜皂甙，命名为川续断皂甙(asperosaponins)F和H₁。川续断皂甙F(I)是含六个糖的皂甙，川续断皂甙H₁(II)是含八个糖的皂甙。运用化学方法及光谱(¹HNMR，¹³CNMR，¹H-¹H COSY，——维多重接力COSY，选择性远程DEPT和三重共振NOE差谱)解析，鉴定其结构分别为3-O-[β-D-吡喃木糖(1→4)-β-D-吡哺葡萄糖(1→4)][α-L-吡喃鼠李糖(1→3)]-β-D-吡喃半乳糖(1→3)-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖(1→2)-α-L-吡喃阿拉伯糖-常春藤皂甙元(I)和3-0-[β-D-吡喃木糖(1→4)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖(1→4)][α-L-吡喃鼠李糖(1→3)]-β-D-吡喃半乳糖(1→3)-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖(1→2)-α-L一吡喃阿拉伯糖-常春藤皂甙元-28-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖(1→6)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖酯甙(II)。并总结出一些光谱方面的变化规律，可用于糖的鉴定，以及构型、糖链的连接顺序和糖与甙元之间的连接位置的说明。     

楤木根皮中皂甙化学成分的研究

楤木根皮中的主要成分是皂甙。将总皂甙以柱层析分离,得到三个化合物(Ⅰ～Ⅲ),经光谱分析和化学方法证明,Ⅰ为楤木皂甙A(araloside A);Ⅱ为银莲花甙(narcissiflorine);Ⅲ是3-O-[β-D-吡喃葡萄糖-(1→2)-β-D-吡喃木糖-(1→)2)-α-L-阿拉伯糖]-齐墩果酸。Ⅲ为一新皂甙,命名为楤木皂甙D(araloside D)。     

刺楸根皮中皂甙的化学成分研究

从刺楸Kalopanox septemlobus(Thunb.)Koidz.根皮中,分离到两个皂甙单体。经光谱(IR,NMR,FAB-MS)分析和化学方法鉴定为刺楸皂甙A(kalopanax saponin A,Ⅰ)和一新的三萜皂甙,结构为3-O-(a-L-吡喃鼠李糖(1→2)-α-L-吡喃阿拉伯糖)-常春藤皂甙元-28-O-[α-L-吡喃鼠李糖(1→2)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖(1→6)-β-D-葡萄糖]酯甙,命名为刺楸皂甙C(kalopanax saponin C,Ⅱ)。     

西洋参茎叶总皂苷碱降解成分西洋参茎叶总皂苷碱降解成分

目的研究西洋参茎叶总皂苷碱降解成分。方法采用硅胶柱色谱并结合HPLC进行分离纯化，通过波谱分析鉴定化合物的结构。结果从西洋参茎叶总皂苷碱降解产物中分离得到9种成分，分别鉴定为：20(S)-原人参二醇(I)，20(S)-达玛-25(26)-烯-3β,12β,20-三醇(II)，24(R)-ocotillol (III)，20(S)-原人参三醇(IV)，20(S)-达玛-25(26)-烯-3β,6α,12β,20-四醇(V)，达玛-20(21),24-二烯-3β,12β-二醇(VI)，达玛-20(21),24-二烯-3β,6α,12β-三醇(VII)，20(S),24(S)-达玛-25(26)-烯-3β,6α,12β,20,24-五醇(VIII)，20(S)-达玛-23-烯-25-过氧羟基-3β,6α,12β,20-四醇(IX)。结论碱降解20位S构型未改变。V，VII，VIII，IX为4个新化合物，并利用2D-NMR技术对新化合物的氢和碳的化学位移进行了归属。其中I对HCT-8人结肠癌细胞具有较强的细胞毒活性。     

拟人参皂苷F11在大鼠体内的药物代谢研究

目的探讨拟人参皂苷F11在大鼠体内的药物代谢产物及其过程.方法ip拟人参皂苷F₁₁后,应用TLC分析排泄物中的代谢产物,并利用制备薄层分离制备代谢产物,通过波谱解析(MS,¹HNMR,¹³CNMR,¹H-¹HCOSY)确定其结构.结果从粪便中分离鉴定了3种代谢产物,分别为拟人参皂苷R_T5,ocotillol和1个新的代谢产物F-3-1,并确定其结构为6-O-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖基(1-2)-β-D-吡喃葡糖基-(20S,23S,24R)-达玛-20(24)-环氧-3β,6α,12β,23,25-五醇(6-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-2)-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(20S,23S,24R)-dammar-20(24)-epoxy-3-β,6α,12β,23,25-pentanol).但在尿液和胆汁中并未发现任何代谢产物.结论拟人参皂苷F₁₁不被肝脏代谢,但胆汁排泄物可在肠道被代谢为水解和氧化产物.     

Two new dammarane triterpene glycosides from the rhizomes of Panax notoginseng

Two new dammarane triterpene glycosides named notoginsenosides Rw 1 (1) and Rw 2 (2) were isolated from the rhizomes of Panax notoginseng, together with 20 known compounds including protopanaxadiol (3), protopanaxatriol (4), ginsenosides Rb1 (5), Rd (6), Re (7), Rg1 (8), Rg2 (9), 20-(S)-Rg3 (10), 20-(R)-Rg(3) (11), Rh1 (12), Rh4 (13), Rf (14), 20-O-glucopyranosyl Rf (15), notoginsenosides R1 (16), R2 (17), T5 (18), S (19), T (20), and Fa (21), and koryoginsenoside R1 (22). Based on FABMS, HRFABMS, IR, (1)H, 13C, and 2D-NMR (HSQC, HMBC, and COSY) spectral data, the structures of the new compounds were elucidated as 6-O-beta-d-xylopyranosyl-20-O-beta-d-xylopyranosyl-(1 --> 6)-beta-d-glucopyranosyldammar-24-ene-3beta,6alpha,12beta,20(S)tetraol (1) and 6-O-beta-d-xylopyranosyl-(1 --> 2)-beta-d-glucopyranosyldammar-22-ene-(trans)-3beta,6alpha,12beta,20(S), 25-pentaol (2). Compounds 3, 4, 13, and 22 were isolated from P. notoginseng for the first time.     

Four new glycosides from Pleurospermum franchetianum

Four new glycosides, pleurofranosides I-IV, together with eight known compounds were isolated from the whole plants of Pleurospermum franchetianum Hemsl. Based on the spectral data and chemical evidence, the structures of pleurofranosides 1, II, III and IV were elucidated to be 16beta, 21beta, 23, 28-tetrahydroxyolean-12-ene-3beta-yl-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 --> 2)-beta-D-glucopyranoside, 13beta, 28-epoxy-16beta, 23-dihydroxyolean-11-ene-3beta-yl-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 --> 4)-[beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 --> 2)]-beta-D-fucopyranoside, 13beta, 28-epoxy-16beta, 23-dihydroxyolean-11-ene-3beta-yl-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 --> 4)-[beta-D-fucopyranosyl-(1 --> 2)]-beta-D-glucopyranoside and 12beta, 28-epoxy-16beta, 23-dihydroxyolean-11-ene-3beta-yl-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 --> 3)-[beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 --> 2)]-beta-D-glucopyranoside. The known compounds identified were octadecyl caprate, beta-sitosterol, (22E, 20S, 24R)-5alpha, 8alpha-epidioxy-ergosta-6, 22-dien-3-beta-ol, daucosterol, alpha-spinasterol-3-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside, quercetin-3, 7-di-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside, kaempferol-3, 7-di-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranoside and kaempferol-3-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-7-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranoside, respectively.     

Dammarane triterpenes from Ligustrum lucidum

Two new dammarane triterpenes 3beta-acetyl-20S,24R-dammarane-25-ene-24-hydroperoxy-20-ol (1), 20S,24R-dammarane-25-ene-24-hydroperoxy-3beta,20-diol (2), as well as three known dammarane triterpenes, 3beta-acetyl-20S,25-epoxydammarane-24alpha-ol (3), 20S,25-epoxydammarane-3beta,24alpha-diol (4), 20S-dammarane-23-ene-3beta,20,25-triol (5) were isolated from the fruits of Ligustrum lucidum. Compounds 3-5 were isolated from the fruits of L. lucidum for the first time. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods.     

New dammaranes, esterified with malonic acid, from leaves of Betula pendula

Three known and five new dammarane triterpenes, esterified with malonic acid at C-3 with hemolytic activity were identified from the ethanol-water extract of leaves of Betula pendula Roth: 12-O-acetyl-3alpha,12beta,20(S),24(R)-tetrahydroxydammar-25-en-3-yl hydrogen propanedioate, 12-O-acetyl-3alpha,12beta20(S),24(S)-tetrahydroxydammar-25-en-3-yl hydrogen propanedionate, 12-O-acetyl-3alpha,12beta,17alpha,20(S),24(R)-pentahydroxydammar-25-en-3-yl hydrogen propanedioate, [12beta-acetoxy-4,4,8,10,14-pentamethyl-17-(2-methyl-5-oxotetrahydrofuran2(S)-yl)-hexadecahydrocyclopenta[A]phenanthren-3alpha-yl] hydrogen propanedioate, 12- O-acetyl-3alpha,12beta,20(S),25-pentahydroxydammar-23(E)-en-3-yl hydrogen propanedioate, and one which was new for Betula pendula but found in other Betula species: 12-O-acetyl-20,24-epoxy-3alpha,12beta,20(S),24(R),25-pentahydroxydammar-3-yl hydrogen propanedioate. The structures were elucidated by MS, (1)H-NMR, (13)C-NMR, (1)H-(1)H-COSY, DEPT, (1)H-(13)C-NMR (HMQC, HMBC) experiments.     

Three new dammarane-type triterpene saponins from the leaves of Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer

Three new dammarane-type triterpene ginsenosides, together with six known ginsenosides, were isolated from the leaves of Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer. The new saponins were named as ginsenoside Rh??, ginsenoside Rh??, and ginsenoside Rh??. Their structures were elucidated as (20S)-3β,6α,12β,20-tetrahydroxydammara-25-ene-24-one 20-O-β-d-glucopyranoside (1), (20S)-3β,12β,20,24,25-pentahydroxydammarane 20-O-β-d-glucopyranoside (2), and (20S,23E)-3β,12β,20,25-tetrahydroxydammara-23-ene 20-O-β-d-glucopyranoside (3) on the basis of 1D and 2D NMR experiments and mass spectra. The known ginsenosides were identified as ginsenoside M(?cd), ginsenoside Rg?, ginsenoside Rb?, gypenoside XVII, gypenoside IX, and 20-(E)-ginsenoside F?.     

东北刺人参叶中四种新三萜皂苷的分离与结构鉴定

目的研究东北刺人参的三萜皂苷化学成分。方法采用大孔树脂、硅胶、ODS柱色谱分离纯化，经理化常数、光谱学方法鉴定结构。结果分离得到了4个新三萜皂苷，其结构分别鉴定为3-O-β-D-吡喃葡糖基3β，23-二羟基羽扇豆-20(29)-烯-28-酸-28-O-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖基(1→4)-β-D-吡喃葡糖基(1→6)-β-D-吡喃葡糖苷(1);3-O-β-D-吡喃葡糖基常春藤皂苷元-28-O-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖基(1→4)-β-D-吡喃葡糖基(1→6)-β-D-吡喃葡糖苷(2);3-O-β-D-吡喃葡糖基3β-羟基齐墩果-9(11)，12-二烯-28-酸-28-O-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖基(1→4)-β-D-吡喃葡糖基(1→6)-β-D-吡喃葡糖苷(3);3α-羟基齐墩果-12-烯-23，28-二酸-28-O-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖基(1→4)-β-D-吡喃葡糖基(1→6)-β-D-吡喃葡糖苷(4)。结论化合物1～4均为新三萜皂苷，首次从东北刺人参叶中分得。     

Four new dammarane-type triterpene saponins from the stems and leaves of Panax ginseng and their cytotoxicity on HL-60 cells

Four new triterpene saponins, ginsenosides Rh(14)-Rh(17)(1- 4), along with two known compounds, 20(S)-ginsenoside Rg? and dammar-(E)-20(22),24-diene-3 β,6 α,12 β-triol, were isolated from the stems and leaves of Panax ginseng. The structures of the new compounds were elucidated as 3 β,6 α,12 β,24 ξ-tetrahydroxy-dammar-(E)-20(22),25-diene 6- O- α- L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1?→?2)- β-D-glucopyranoside (1), 3 β,12 β,24 ξ-trihydroxy-dammar-(E)-20(22),25-diene 3- O- β- D-glucopyranosyl-(1?→?2)- β-D-glucopyranoside (2), 3 β,6 α,12 β-trihydroxy-dammar-(E)-20(22),24-diene 3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (3), and 3-oxo-6 α,12 β,20(S)-trihydroxy-dammar-24-ene 6-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1?→?2)-β-D-glucopyranoside (4) by means of extensive spectroscopic and chemical methods, respectively. The isolated compounds were tested for IN VITRO cytotoxicity against HL-60 cells.