Clinical applicability of gastroscopy with narrow-band imaging for the diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori gastritis,precancerous gastric lesion,and neoplasia

Premalignant gastric lesions such as atrophic gastritis and intestinal metaplasia frequently occur in subjects with long-term Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection. The regular arrangement of collecting venules (RAC) is seen in the normal gastric corpus, whereas mucosal swelling and redness without RAC are observed in H. pylori-infected mucosa. Despite successful H. pylori eradication, the presence of atrophic gastritis and/or gastric intestinal metaplasia (GIM) is a risk factor for gastric cancer. With the development of advanced imaging technologies, recent studies have reported the usefulness of narrow-band imaging (NBI) for endoscopic diagnosis of atrophic gastritis and GIM. Using NBI endoscopy with magnification (M-NBI), atrophic gastritis is presented as irregular coiled microvessels and loss of gastric pits. Typical M-NBI endoscopic findings of GIM are a light blue crest and a white opaque substance. Based on the microvascular patterns, fine network, core vascular, and unclear patterns are useful for predicting gastric dysplasia in polypoid lesions. For diagnosis of early gastric cancer (EGC), a systematic classification using M-NBI endoscopy has been proposed on the basis of the presence of a demarcation line and an irregular microvascular/microsurface pattern. Furthermore, M-NBI endoscopy has been found to be more accurate for determining the horizontal margin of EGC compared to conventional endoscopy. In this review, we present up-to-date results on the clinical usefulness of gastroscopy with NBI for the diagnosis of H. pylori gastritis, precancerous gastric lesion, and neoplasia.     

白光胃镜下胃黏膜形态变化对幽门螺杆菌感染的诊断价值分析

目的探究白光胃镜下胃黏膜形态变化对幽门螺杆菌（H. pylori）感染相关性胃炎的诊断价值。 方法回顾性分析2018年7月至2020年7月在海南医学院第二附属医院进行白光胃镜检查和13-尿素呼气试验（¹³C-UBT）检查的1160例病例,依据¹³C-UBT检查结果分为2组：H. pylori感染组（812例）和无H. pylori感染组（348例）。比较2组白光胃镜下胃粘膜形态差异,进行Logistic回归分析筛选出H. pylori感染独立相关的胃黏膜形态特征,并应用受试者工作特征曲线（ROC）评价相关指标的预测价值。 结果H. pylori感染组白光胃镜下弥漫性胃黏膜充血、点状发红、胃黏膜肿胀、胃体皱襞肿大蛇形、胃体黏膜呈“龟纹样”等检出率均显著高于无H. pylori感染组。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,弥漫性胃黏膜充血（OR=116.280）、点状发红（OR=4.821）、胃黏膜肿胀（OR=3.432）、胃体皱襞肿大蛇形（OR=4.336）、胃体黏膜呈“龟纹样”（OR=9.346）是H. pylori感染的独立相关因子。ROC曲线分析显示,弥漫性胃黏膜充血、点状发红、胃黏膜肿胀、胃体皱襞肿大蛇形、胃体黏膜呈“龟纹样”预测H. pylori感染的曲线下面积分别为0.829（95%CI：0.796~0.859）、0.687（95%CI：0.648~0.725）、0.750（95%CI：0.713~0.785）、0.578（95%CI：0.537~0.619）、0.619（95%CI：0.578~0.619）,其中以弥漫性胃黏膜充血、胃黏膜肿胀较大,它们的敏感度和特异度分别为93.68%和72.17%、97.13%、52.96%。 结论白光胃镜下胃黏膜形态变化与H. pylori感染具有相关性,以弥漫性胃黏膜充血、胃黏膜肿胀对H. pylori感染的诊断价值较大。     

Helicobacter pylori plays a key role in gastric adenocarcinoma induced by spasmolytic polypeptide-expressing metaplasia

Heliobacter pylori (H. pylori), a group 1 human gastric carcinogen, is significantly associated with chronic gastritis, gastric mucosal atrophy, and gastric cancer. Approximately 20% of patients infected with H. pylori develop precancerous lesions, among which metaplasia is the most critical. Except for intestinal metaplasia (IM), which is characterized by goblet cells appearing in the stomach glands, one type of mucous cell metaplasia, spasmolytic polypeptide-expressing metaplasia (SPEM), has attracted much attention. Epidemiological and clinicopathological studies suggest that SPEM may be more strongly linked to gastric adenocarcinoma than IM. SPEM, characterized by abnormal expression of trefoil factor 2, mucin 6, and Griffonia simplicifolia lectin II in the deep glands of the stomach, is caused by acute injury or inflammation. Although it is generally believed that the loss of parietal cells alone is a sufficient and direct cause of SPEM, further in-depth studies have revealed the critical role of immunosignals. There is controversy regarding whether SPEM cells originate from the transdifferentiation of mature chief cells or professional progenitors. SPEM plays a functional role in the repair of gastric epithelial injury. However, chronic inflammation and immune responses caused by H. pylori infection can induce further progression of SPEM to IM, dysplasia, and adenocarcinoma. SPEM cells upregulate the expression of whey acidic protein 4-disulfide core domain protein 2 and CD44 variant 9, which recruit M2 macrophages to the wound. Studies have revealed that interleukin-33, the most significantly upregulated cytokine in macrophages, promotes SPEM toward more advanced metaplasia. Overall, more effort is needed to reveal the specific mechanism of SPEM malignant progression driven by H. pylori infection.     

胃癌相关甲基化分型与幽门螺杆菌感染的探讨

目的 探讨基因甲基化分型与幽门螺杆菌感染在胃癌预后中的临床价值。方法 使用甲基化特异性PCR技术分析75例胃癌病人血清中的CpG岛甲基化分型(CIMP),同时分析了40例健康人血清作为对照。APC,WIF-1,RUNX-3,DLC-1,SFRP-1,DKK和E-cad作为研究基因。幽门螺杆菌感染由血清抗幽门螺杆菌G抗体试验和快速脲酶试验确定。结果 7个基因胃癌组织中甲基化的频率如下:APC 48%,WIF-1 57.33%,RUNX-3 56%,DLC-1 50.67%,SFRP-1 52%,DKK54.67%和E-cad 48%; 血清中甲基化的频率如下:APC 30.67%,WIF-1 34.67%,RUNX-3 37.33%,DLC-1 29.33%,SFRP-1 33.33%,DKK 32%和E-cad 26.67%。CIMP+(定义为≥3甲基化基因)与47例(62.67%)胃癌组织标本和44例(58.67%)GC血清样品相关联。CIMP+与非肿瘤黏膜组织和健康人的血清无关联。在75例胃癌中,有51例(68%)为幽门螺杆菌阳性,24例(32%)为幽门螺杆菌阴性。在51例幽门螺杆菌感染胃癌组织中,36例为CIMP+,15例为CIMP-。相反,在24例幽门螺杆菌阴性病例中,11例为CIMP+,13例为CIMP-。两组CIMP表达差异有统计学意义(χ2=4.27,P<0.05)。在51例幽门螺杆菌阳性胃癌血清样本中,34例为CIMP+,17例为CIMP-。24例未感染血清样本中,10例CIMP+,14例CIMP-。两组间差异有统计学意义(χ2= 4.21,P<0.05)。经过两年随访,发现HP+/CIMP+和HP+/CIMP-两组转移、复发率明显不同,HP+/CIMP+病人有转移、复发倾向(P<0.05); 生存率二者未见明显不同(P>0.05)。结论 HP+/CIMP+的病人比HP+/CIMP-更易转移和复发。     

胃肠相关疾病中幽门螺杆菌感染与胃黏膜白细胞介素-8含量的关系

目的　研究各种胃肠疾病幽门螺杆菌 (Hp)感染情况及其与胃黏膜白细胞介素 8(IL 8)含量的关系。 方法　采用双抗体夹心酶联免疫吸附试验检测 10 2例Hp感染与非感染患者胃黏膜匀浆上清液中的白细胞介素 8含量 ,其中胃镜下黏膜正常者 5例 ,单纯性慢性胃炎 (CG) 2 5例 ,十二指肠球部溃疡 (DU) 36例 ,胃溃疡 (GU) 15例 ,胃癌(Gca) 2 1例。结果　 10 2例中有 6 0例感染了Hp(5 8.8% ) ,其中以十二指肠球部溃疡组Hp感染率最高 (88.9% ) ,明显高于其他组 (均P <0 .0 5 ) ,Hp感染者胃黏膜IL 8含量明显高于非Hp感染者 (P <0 .0 1) ;GU、Gca、DU、CG组胃黏膜IL 8含量均明显高于黏膜正常组 (均P <0 .0 5 ) ,GU、Gca、DU组又明显高于CG组 (均P <0 .0 5 ) ,而GU、Gca、DU组间比较差异无统计学意义 (均P >0 .0 5 ) ;同时发现中度胃炎黏膜IL 8含量明显高于轻度胃炎 ,活动性胃炎又明显高于非活动性胃炎 (均P <0 .0 5 )。结论　Hp感染者与非感染者胃黏膜IL 8含量存在差异 ,疾病组胃黏膜IL 8含量明显高于正常黏膜 ,并与胃炎炎症程度和活动性有一定相关性 ,推测IL 8可能参与了Hp相关性胃炎胃黏膜损伤机制     

幽门螺杆菌感染与胃粘膜林巴滤泡关系探讨

目的：为了探讨含有细胞毒素相关基因A（cagA）菌株感染与胃粘膜淋巴滤泡形成之间的关系,并对胃粘膜淋巴滤泡的发生与幽门螺杆菌（Hp）感染状况的关系等进行观察。方法：我们对655例慢性胃炎,消化性溃疡的患者进行胃镜检查,取胃窦粘膜组织作Hp检测和组织病理检查,并选择70份Hp培养阳性的临床分离菌,用PCR扩增法进行cagA基因的检测。结果：Hp感染患者中胃粘膜淋巴滤泡的发生率（60.14%）显著高于非Hp感染者（17.06%）;胃粘膜淋巴滤泡在活动性胃炎比非活动性胃炎中更易检测到;在Hp相关性胃肠病中,慢性胃炎、胃溃疡、十二指肠球溃这三者之间胃粘膜淋巴滤泡的发生率无显著性差异;另外,还观察到含cagA基因的Hp菌株与胃粘膜淋巴滤泡的增生两者之间无相关性。结论：胃粘膜淋巴滤泡的发生直接与Hp感染相关,并可作为一种Hp感染相关性胃肠病中一个较为恒定的形态特征;Hp作为一种抗原刺激胃粘膜产生淋巴滤泡的作用与Hp菌株的毒力（cagA基因）无关,任何Hp感染均可刺激胃粘膜产生淋巴滤泡。     

高清胃镜观察胃黏膜形态预测幽门螺杆菌感染的探索*

目的通过高清胃镜观察、归纳幽门螺杆菌(Hp)感染时胃黏膜形态改变以预测Hp感染结果,从而探讨高清胃镜直接诊断Hp感染的临床价值。方法纳入2016年10月-2017年1月在深圳市龙岗区第二人民医院同时进行胃镜检查和13C-尿素呼气试验的连续性500例受检者,以高清胃镜在白光下直接观察胃黏膜形态,根据所见形态特点预测是否存在Hp感染,并与13C-尿素呼气试验结果进行比对,比较两者结果符合率。结果胃体、胃底黏膜充血或出血;胃黏膜水肿;胃底、胃体黏膜可见较多黏液;中度以上黏膜萎缩;黏膜肠上皮化生;十二指肠球部溃疡可能成为胃镜预测Hp感染阳性的特征点。胃体可见规则集合静脉(RAC);胃黏膜有光泽,无萎缩;胃底或胃体息肉;胃窦或胃体小弯的放射性充血可能成为胃镜预测Hp感染阴性的特征点。胃镜预测Hp感染的敏感性为90.1%,特异性为70.4%;阳性预测值为71.0%,阴性预测值为89.9%,总体符合率79.2%。结论高清胃镜直接观察胃黏膜形态表现可有效预测Hp感染情况,可在临床上进一步推广验证。     

慢性胃炎胃镜下形态与组织学改变的比较

目的；探讨慢性胃炎胃镜下形态与胃粘膜病理组织学改变的关系。方法：对1958例慢性胃炎患者的胃镜资料进行相关对照研究。结果：1958例患者胃镜诊断慢性浅表性胃炎(CSG)1543例，慢性萎缩性胃炎(CAG)415例；病理结果CSGl664例，CAAG294例。伴肠上皮化生(IM)341例，伴不典型增生(Dys)92例，伴总性活动性炎症563例；对CSG和CAG的诊断，胃镜结果与病理学结果比较，其灵敏度分别为87．62%(1458／1664)、71．09％(209／294)。结论：单一的胃镜下表现对病理组织学诊断的灵敏度不甚理想，但是某些特定的胃镜表现有助于某些病理组织学诊断。     

Helicobacter pylori and gastric cardia cancer: What do we know about their relationship?

The incidence of gastric cardia cancer is increasing around the world. Since the discovery of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), numerous studies have proved that it is a causative factor for many kinds of digestive system tumors. Although the literature on gastric cardia cancer and H. pylori is not scarce, there are still many controversies on the relationship between gastric cardia cancer and H. pylori. Many Western research results showed that there was a negative or no correlation between H. pylori infection and gastric cardia cancer, but in several studies in Asian countries, such as China, H. pylori was demonstrated to be a risk factor for gastric cardia cancer. Therefore, we intended to analyze the related studies to find out the relationship between H. pylori and gastric cardia cancer and find out the causes of the above controversies. We also conducted a meta-analysis of the relationship between cagA positive expression of H. pylori and gastric cardia cancer, to find out whether there is an effect between those two. The primary purpose of this paper was to explore the relationship between gastric cardia cancer and H. pylori. Through analysis, the study showed the reasons for the controversies mentioned above: (1) Geographical factors could affect the relationship between H. pylori and gastric cardia cancer; (2) The definition of gastric cardia cancer in various studies is inconsistent. The result of a meta-analysis about the relationship between H. pylori virulence factor cagA and gastric cardia cancer showed that there was no relationship between these two.     

Reprimo和hMLH1基因甲基化在胃癌早期诊断价值的研究

目的 探讨Reprimo和hMLH1基因启动子区甲基化检测在胃癌早期诊断中的价值。方法 通过陕西省人民医院2013年9月～2014年4月收治的慢性萎缩性胃炎伴肠上皮化生患者50例、异型增生患者50例、胃癌患者50例,取内镜下胃活检组织,并取正常胃黏膜活检组织30例作为对照组,分析Reprimo基因和hMLH1基因启动子区甲基化表达情况,比较各组患者间的差异。结果 患者组的胃黏膜组织中Reprimo基因和hMLH1基因启动子区甲基化阳性率显著高于正常组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。Reprimo基因启动子区甲基化阳性率:慢性萎缩性胃炎伴肠上皮化生组28%(χ²=10.18,P＜0.05); 异型增生组56%(χ²=25.84,P＜0.05); 胃癌组62%(χ²=30.36,P＜0.05); hMLH1基因启动子区甲基化阳性率:慢性萎缩性胃炎伴肠上皮化生组20%(χ²=4.39,P＜0.05); 异型增生组44%(χ²=15.13,P＜0.05); 胃癌组48%(χ²=17.41,P＜0.05),检测的特异度高。结论 Reprimo和hMLH1基因甲基化检测在胃癌早期诊断中的价值很高,特异度高,是一种有效的诊断方式,在患者的临床诊断方面拥有广阔的治疗前景。     

Association of serum pepsinogen with degree of gastric mucosal atrophy in an asymptomatic population

BACKGROUNDAtrophic gastritis is a precancerous lesion of the stomach. It has been reported that pepsinogen (PG) can reflect the morphology and function of the gastric mucosa, and it is therefore used as a marker for the early diagnosis of atrophic gastritis.AIMTo evaluate the diagnostic value of serum PG for degree of gastric mucosal atrophy in asymptomatic Chinese upon physical examination.METHODSMedical data were collected from subjects who underwent transnasal gastroscopy between October 2016 and October 2018. For each study subject, serum PG levels and presence of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection were investigated. Pathology was evaluated using the Operative Link for Gastritis Assessment (OLGA) classification and Operative Link on Gastric Intestinal Metaplasia Assessment (OLGIM) systems. All statistical analyses were carried out using SPSS statistical software.RESULTSA total of 2256 subjects were enrolled and 1922 cases were finally included in the study. Based on the OLGA grading system, the levels of PGI were slightly decreased, while those of PGII were slightly increased. The PGI/PGII ratio (PGR) was reduced with increasing atrophy. The association between PG and OLGA grading was higher compared with that between PG and the OLGIM grading system. Compared with the OLGA-0 group, a statistically significant difference was observed in the mean age of OLGA-I, III, and IV groups (P < 0.05). In the H. pylori-positive subjects, the PGR levels were notably lower in the OLGA-I, II, and III groups compared with the OLGA-0 group (P < 0.05). H. pylori-positive subjects exhibited significantly higher PGI and PGII serum levels and a significantly lower PGR compared with H. pylori-negative patients in different OLGA groups (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONSerum PG levels may represent a non-invasive screening marker for gastric mucosal atrophy in asymptomatic subjects.     

蓝激光内镜不同成像模式在胃粘膜肠化生及萎缩组织学分级诊断中的临床应用

目的评价蓝激光内镜不同成像模式用于胃粘膜组织学变化及其分级诊断的临床价值。方法收集2019年7月~2020年9月,体检或因消化不良等症状在南方医科大学深圳医院门诊或住院行蓝光成像放大内镜检查,经内镜检查取活检病理确诊为胃粘膜肠化生和萎缩的160例患者作为研究对象。蓝光成像内镜检查过程中,依次应用普通白光模式、亮蓝光成像模式、蓝光成像模式观察全胃黏膜外观形态,白光模式下依据慢性胃炎活检病理诊断共识取材,亮蓝光成像模式、蓝光成像模式均于黏膜色泽异常部位取材。使用配对卡方检验分析不同观察模式下活检病理对胃粘膜肠化生和萎缩的诊断率,使用Wilcoxon符号秩检验分析不同观察模式下CG各组织学变化分级（0、+、++、+++）的辅助识别能力。结果白光模式、亮蓝光成像模式、蓝光成像模式下活检病理胃黏膜萎缩诊断率分别为6.9%（11/160）、49.4%（79/160）、20.6%（33/160）,活检病理胃黏膜肠化诊断率分别为3.75%（6/160）、22.5%（36/160）、55.0%（88/160）; 与白光模式比较,亮蓝光成像模式下的活检病理胃黏膜萎缩诊断率最高（P < 0.01）,蓝光成像模式下的活检病理胃黏膜肠化诊断率最高（P < 0.01）。CG组织学分级中辅助识别能力方面,与白光模式比较,亮蓝光成像模式用于胃黏膜萎缩分级的辅助识别能力最好（Z=-7.685,P < 0.01）,蓝光成像用于胃黏膜肠化分级的辅助识别能力最好（Z=-8.272,P < 0.01）。结论蓝激光成像内镜用于CG胃粘膜肠化生和萎缩组织学分级诊断方面具有较好的临床应用价值,其中亮蓝光成像模式更适用于胃黏膜萎缩的活检病理取材和辅助组织学分级,蓝光成像模式更适用于胃黏膜肠化的活检病理取材和辅助组织学分级。      

EPEC, EAEC and STEC in stool specimens: prevalence and molecular epidemiology of isolates

Stool specimens of Finns (n = 695) with (n = 603) and without (n = 92) diarrhea were studied for enteropathogenic (EPEC), enteroaggregative (EAEC) and Shiga toxin-producing (STEC) Escherichia coli by PCR. The specific isolates were subsequently investigated for their O:H serotypes and were genotyped by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). A subset (n = 506) of the diarrheal and all non-diarrheal specimens were also searched for conventional enteric bacterial pathogens by standard methods.

Diarrheagenic E. coli were found in 5.5% and other enteric pathogens in 6.7% of the patients with and in 2.2% and 1.1% of the subjects without diarrhea, respectively. Campylobacter (3.8%), EPEC (3.2%) and Salmonella (2.0%) were the most common findings, and were detected in diarrheal patients only. STEC were associated with bloody diarrhea (8/9 isolates), whereas EAEC were equally common (1%) in diarrheal and non-diarrheal subjects. Great genomial heterogeneity was seen among diarrheagenic E. coli, and only one EPEC isolate belonged to the “classic” EPEC serogroup (O55).     

Treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection: Current and future insights

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is an important major cause of peptic ulcer disease and gastric malignancies such as mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma and gastric adenocarcinoma worldwide. H. pylori treatment still remains a challenge, since many determinants for successful therapy are involved such as individual primary or secondary antibiotics resistance, mucosal drug concentration, patient compliance, side-effect profile and cost. While no new drug has been developed, current therapy still relies on different mixture of known antibiotics and anti-secretory agents. A standard triple therapy consisting of two antibiotics and a proton-pump inhibitor proposed as the first-line regimen. Bismuth-containing quadruple treatment, sequential treatment or a non-bismuth quadruple treatment (concomitant) are also an alternative therapy. Levofloxacin containing triple treatment are recommended as rescue treatment for infection of H. pylori after defeat of first-line therapy. The rapid acquisition of antibiotic resistance reduces the effectiveness of any regimens involving these remedies. Therefore, adding probiotic to the medications, developing anti-H. pylori photodynamic or phytomedicine therapy, and achieving a successful H. pylori vaccine may have the promising to present synergistic or additive consequence against H. pylori, because each of them exert different effects.     

Relationship of gastroscopic features to histological findings in gastritis and Helicobacter pylori infection in a general population sample

BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIM: Various gastroscopic features may be interpreted as signs of gastritis, but the significance of such features in relation to histomorphology is uncertain. The aim of this study was to determine how macroscopic findings were related to histomorphological changes and the presence of Helicobacter pylori in the gastric mucosa, in a sample of the general population. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: 488 adult individuals, randomly selected from a general population, were screened with gastroscopy and biopsy. The macroscopic features recorded were erythema (diffuse, spotty, linear), erosions, absence of rugae in the gastric corpus, and presence of visible vessels. Gastritis was classified microscopically according to the Sydney system. The presence of H. pylori was determined histologically and using the urease test on fresh biopsy specimens. RESULTS: The sensitivity and specificity of absence of rugae for moderate to severe atrophic gastritis in the gastric corpus were 67 % and 85 %, respectively. Corresponding values for severe atrophy were 90 % and 84 %. The sensitivity and specificity of the presence of visible vessels for moderate to severe atrophy in the corpus were 48 % and 87 %, and for severe atrophy the values were 80 % and 87 %, respectively. Considering the antrum, the sensitivity and specificity of the presence of visible vessels for moderate to severe atrophy was 14 % and 91 %, respectively. With regard to chronic inflammation (moderate to severe in the corpus or antrum), none of the features, alone or in combination, showed a sensitivity of more than 56 %. No endoscopic features (alone or in combination) showed a sensitivity of more than 57 % for H. pylori infection. CONCLUSIONS: Except for the absence of rugae and visible vessels in the gastric corpus, macroscopic features as observed during gastroscopy are of very limited value in the evaluation of whether or not gastritis or H. pylori infection are present. This is in accordance with most previous studies in patient populations, and it must be emphasized that the diagnosis of gastritis should be based on histological examination of the gastric mucosa.     

Human platelet phenol sulphotransferase: Assay procedure, substrate and tissue correlations

Procedures for the precise assay of human platelet phenol sulphotransferase activity were determined. The coefficient of variation of the assay was 5.8% when the enzyme activity was expressed per 10⁸ platelets, and was 9.4% when it was expressed per mg soluble platelet protein. Mean platelet phenol sulphotransferase (PST) activity in samples from 102 randomly selected adults was 1.2 ± 0.4 units/10⁸ platelets (mean ± S.D.), with a range from 0.2 to 2.9. The mean activity for umbilical cord blood platelet PST was 0.93 ± 0.3 units/10⁸ platelets (mean ± S.D., N = 27). The substrate used routinely for the assay was 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol (MHPG). There was a significant correlation between the formation of MHPG sulfate by individual platelet preparations and the formation of sulfated product with each of the following substrates: tyramine (r = 0.92, n = 21); dopamine (r = 0.82, n = 16); 5-hydroxytryptamine (r = 0.94, n = 20); acetaminophen (r = 0.77, n = 17); and alphamethyldopa (r = 0.77, n = 17) (p < 0.001 for each). Platelet PST activity correlated significantly with human renal cortex PST activity (r = 0.54, n = 20, p < 0.02). The correlation coefficient between platelet PST activity and jejunal mucosal enzyme activity in eight patients was 0.67. These results raise the possibility that human platelet PST activity measured with MHPG as substrate might reflect the enzyme activity in other tissues and the degree of sulfate conjugation of a variety of substrates.     

质子泵抑制剂大剂量二联与铋剂四联在幽门螺杆菌根除治疗中的疗效比较

目的 比较质子泵抑制剂大剂量二联与铋剂四联对幽门螺杆菌(Helicobacter pylori,H.pylori)的根除率和不良反应的发生率.方法 选择2021年1月至2021年8月就诊于河北省人民医院消化内科门诊的H.pylori阳性患者208例,随机分为试验组(质子泵抑制剂大剂量二联)和对照组(铋剂四联),其中试验...     

New developments in the standardization of total prostate-specific antigen

Objective: Analytical evaluation of the calibration of three recently launched assays for the measurement of total prostate-specific antigen, i.e., IMx Total PSA (Abbott), Elecsys PSA (Roche), and IMMULITE 3rd Generation PSA (DPC).

Design and methods: For accuracy assessment two reference materials were applied namely, Stanford 90:10 PSA Calibrator and Certified Reference Material 613 Prostate-Specific Antigen. Dilutions of these preparations were analyzed with all assays. In addition, clinical specimens from known prostate cancer or benign prostate hyperplasia patients and samples taken from an ongoing prostate cancer screening study were used for comparison.

Results: Application of the Stanford Calibrator revealed results well within 10% of the calculated values for all assays. Regarding the CRM Calibrator only the IMx Total PSA proved to approach the line of identity. The IMMULITE results differed about 40% and the Elecsys about 18% from the calculated values. The comparison with clinical specimens showed statistically different results for the combination IMMULITE-IMx and for IMMULITE-Elecsys. The regression lines for both collections were: y(IMx)=0.86×(IMMULITE)+0.12 (n = 104, r = 0.970, S_y/x = 0.883 μg/L) and y(Elecsys)=0.98×(IMMULITE)+0.38 (n = 97, r = 0.976, S_y/x = 0.733 μg/L). In the lower measuring range (PSA < 5.0 μg/L) as measured with the screening samples (n = 43), these differences were less pronounced.

Conclusion: In analytical sense a difference was found for both reference preparations in the assays studied. Clinically, despite improvements in methodology, results for total prostate-specific antigen are still not interchangeable. The possible consequences need to be elaborated.     

慢性胃炎胃粘膜血管的彩色多普勒超声检测

目的探讨彩色多普勒超声对慢性胃炎的诊断价值。方法对经胃镜、胃B超诊断为慢性胃炎患者51例,正常对照组15例的胃粘膜血管行彩色多普勒超声检测。结果51例慢性胃炎患者在胃小弯侧粘膜检测到动脉频谱30例,占58.8%,对照组15例中仅检出1例,占6.7%。其收缩期峰值速度(24.9±11.8)cm/s,舒张末期速度(8.3±3.6)cm/s,搏动指数0.99±0.21,阻力指数0.66±0.09。结论胃粘膜血管的彩色多普勒超声检测与胃B超检查相结合,提高了慢性胃炎的诊断准确性。     

摩罗丹蜜丸对慢性萎缩性胃炎胃黏膜不典型增生的逆转作用

目的观察摩罗丹蜜丸对慢性萎缩性胃炎胃黏膜不典型增生的逆转作用。方法选择慢性萎缩性胃炎胃黏膜不典型增生78例,随机分为治疗组40例和对照组38例。对照组予常规治疗,治疗组在常规治疗的基础上加服摩罗丹蜜丸。3个月后再次同部位活检及观察Hp清除情况。结果治疗组治疗后不典型增生逆转率和总有效率均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);两组均无癌变病例。治疗组Hp清除率高于对照组,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论摩罗丹蜜丸可以有效逆转慢性萎缩性胃炎胃黏膜不典型增生,且安全性好。