婴儿先天性心脏病合并肺动脉高压的外科治疗

目的:总结婴儿先天性心脏病合并肺动脉高压的外科治疗和围术期处理的经验。方法:2004年1月～2006年6月共手术治疗婴儿先天性心脏病合并肺动脉高压患者72例,男性45例,女性27例;年龄2个月～1岁,平均(7.3±2.8)月,体重3.5～9.2kg,平均(6.2±3.6)kg。术前肺动脉收缩压为47.4～89.2mmHg,平均(64.3±7.6)mmHg;动脉血氧饱和度81%～98%。结果:手术死亡3例(4.17%)。主要并发症有肺动脉高压危象、低心输出量综合症、肺不张、张力性气胸、呼吸机相关肺炎、血源性感染,呼吸衰竭等。死亡原因:肺动脉高压危象2例,低心输出量综合症1例。术后SaO287%～98%。随访6个月～2年,无晚期死亡,余患者心功能较术前改善。结论:肺动脉高压危象和低心输出量综合症是婴儿先天性心脏病合并肺动脉高压患者术后的主要并发症和死亡原因,早期手术及搞好围术期的处理是提高生存率的关键。     

氧介入肺灌注显像评价小儿先天性心脏病肺动脉高压

笔者探讨了氧介入左、右侧卧位法肺灌注显像术前判断先天性心脏病 (简称先心病 )合并肺动脉高压 (ＰＨ)患儿肺血管病变程度的价值 ,现报道如下。一、资料与方法肺血增多型先心病患儿 2 4例 ,男 16例 ,女 8例 ,年龄 (7.6 9± 3.2 5 ,3～ 16 )岁 ,其中 2 0例伴ＰＨ ,14例于 1周内同时行右心导管 吸氧试验检查 (2例中度及12例重度ＰＨ)。根据超声所估测的肺动脉收缩压 (ｓＰＡＰ)分为 :无ＰＨ :ｓＰＡＰ <30ｍｍＨｇ(1ｍｍＨｇ =0 .133ｋＰａ) ;轻度ＰＨ :～ 39ｍｍＨｇ;中度ＰＨ :～ 6 9ｍｍＨｇ ;重度ＰＨ :≥ 70ｍｍＨｇ。行右心导管检查的…     

动脉导管未闭合并肺动脉高压堵闭术

目的 :评价动脉导管未闭 (PDA)合并肺动脉高压堵闭术的临床应用价值。方法 :本组 1 4例PDA合并肺动脉高压患者实施了蘑菇伞堵闭术 ,术前常规进行导管检查和主动脉弓造影。结果 :术前肺动脉压 67.0± 2 4 .6/37.8±8 9mmHg,主动脉压为 88.5± 1 4 .6/46 .5± 1 1 .3mmHg。术后 30min肺动脉压降为 49.8± 1 3 .3/2 0 .2± 1 2 .3mmHg(P <0 0 0 1 ) ,动脉压升至 95 .6± 1 8.4/58.0± 1 2 .1mmHg(P <0 .0 5)。成功率 1 0 0 % ,无严重并发症。结论 :经导管堵闭术治疗PDA合并肺动脉高压 ,是一种疗效好 ,创伤小的介入治疗 ,值得推广。     

双向腔肺动脉吻合术后肺血流灌注不足患儿吸入NO的疗效观察

目的探讨双向腔肺动脉吻合术(BCPS)术后肺血流灌注不足患儿吸入一氧化氮(NO)的疗效。方法采用美国Ohemda公司NO吸入治疗仪,通过呼吸机吸入NO 2.5~20.0/百万,监测血流动力学和呼吸功能指标,定期监测NO2、高铁血红蛋白(MetHb)含量。结果吸入NO后,中心静脉压,跨肺压,肺泡-动脉氧分压差,呼吸指数降低(P<0.01);动脉血氧饱和度,动脉血氧分压与吸入氧浓度之比上升(P<0.01)。NO2和MetHb含量分别为(0.1±0.2)百万和(1.1±0.3)%,均在安全范围内。术后3 d复查血小板为(231±84)×109/L,未出现血小板减少。术后近期并发低氧血症20例,其中18例改善;低心输出量综合征(低心排)4例;2例颜面部水肿、8例上半身水肿,均改善。术后24 h内再手术4例(由全腔肺动脉吻合术改为双向腔肺动脉吻合术)。死亡2例,病死率5%,死亡原因为低心排、低氧血症。结论外源性吸入NO用于BCPS术后肺血管阻力暂时性增高的患儿,可改善其肺血流灌注和氧合功能,减少低心排的发生,是一种安全且有效的选择性肺血管扩张剂。     

海拔3700m高原地区动脉导管未闭合并肺动脉高压手术治疗的初步经验

目的 :评价高原地区动脉导管未闭 (PDA)合并肺动脉高压手术治疗的早期疗效 ;方法 :回顾性分析 2 0 0 1年 5月至 2 0 0 1年 7月在海拔 370 0m高原地区手术治疗的PDA合并肺动脉高压患者 1 3例 ,其中藏族 7例 ,世居西藏地区的汉族 6例 ;年龄 1 .5岁～ 1 2岁 ,平均 4.4岁± 2 .1岁 ;合并轻度肺动脉高压 6例 ,中度肺动脉高压 4例 ,严重肺动脉高压 3例 ;术前动脉血氧饱和度 79%～ 88% ,平均 84.5% ,均采用腋下小切口 ,管型导管者采用三重结扎的方法 ,而漏斗型者以及合并严重肺动脉高压患者 ,采取缝扎再双重结扎的方法 ;结果 :无手术死亡 ;术后均未出现严重的肺部并发症和声音嘶哑等 ,4天～ 7天均痊愈出院 ,随访时间 1月～ 2月 ,超声心动图检查未发现导管再通、假性动脉瘤形成等 ,均已恢复正常活动 ;结论 :合并肺动脉高压患者经过术前的充分准备 ,施行手术治疗可获得满意的早期疗效 ;采取三重结扎或缝扎再双重结扎的方法 ,对于不具备常规开展体外循环手术的西藏地区较为安全、有效     

婴幼儿心脏病561例的外科治疗

新生儿和婴幼儿先天性心脏病 (简称先心病 )的外科治疗具有特殊性和复杂性 ,尤其是伴有严重肺动脉高压和复杂先心病患儿。作者对 5 6 1例年龄 7天 36个月先心病患儿进行手术治疗 ,其中体重最小 3ｋｇ ,1岁以下 191例 ,占 34% ,复杂畸形 171例 ,占 30 .5 %。手术死亡 6 .6 % ,1999年 2 0 9例中死亡 4.3%。现报道如下。1　临床资料　　从 1992年 4月至 1999年 11月对我院 5 6 1例先心病婴幼儿施行了心血管外科手术 ,男性 310例 ,女性 2 5 1例 ,年龄 7天 36个月 (12 .1± 10 .2 )月 ,体重 312 (5 .2± 4.3)ｋｇ ,体表面积0 .2 40 .7(0 .42± 0 …     

婴幼儿动脉导管未闭合并肺动脉高压的介入治疗

目的 :评价经导管堵闭法治疗婴幼儿动脉导管未闭 (PDA)合并肺动脉高压的临床疗效。方法 :1 998年 1 2月～2 0 0 2年 4月对 1 4例合并肺动脉高压的婴幼儿PDA实施经导管介入治疗 ,男 4例 ,女 1 0例 ;年龄 7～ 36月 ,平均 1 4 .8± 4 .6月 ;体重 6 .5～ 1 3 .5kg ,平均 1 1 .0± 2 .3kg ;行左、右心导管检查及主动脉弓降部造影 ,确定PDA位置、形状及直径 ,以AGA公司蘑菇伞堵闭器行介入治疗。结果 :主动脉弓降部造影显示PDA属Krichenko形态A1型 8例 ,A2型 5例 ,B2型 1例 ;Qp/Qs2 .1～ 5 .7,平均 3 .4± 1 .2 ;最窄内径 3 .4～ 1 0 .8mm ,平均 4 .8± 2 .9mm ;术前肺动脉压为 67.0± 2 4 .6/ 37.8± 8.9mmHg ,主动脉压为 88.5± 1 4 .6/ 4 6 .5± 1 1 3mmHg。 1 4例患儿均应用蘑菇伞堵闭器堵闭 ,成功率 1 0 0 % ;术后 30min心血管造影显示 ,5例可见极少量残余分流 ,术后 2 4h心脏彩超复查 2例有少量残余分流 ,术后 1月彩超复查 1例有少量残余分流 ,术后3月复查皆无残余分流 ;术后 30min肺动脉压降为 39.8± 1 3 .3/ 2 0 .2± 1 2 .3mmHg,主动脉压升至 95 .6± 1 8.4/ 58.0±1 2 1mmHg ,住院天数 4～ 2 7天 ,平均 9.8± 5 .3天 ;术后住院天数 2～ 9天 ,平均 4 .3± 1 .8天 ,无严重并发症发生。结论 :经导管     

同种单向活瓣补片在先心病合并重度肺动脉高压治疗中的应用

目的 探讨先心病（CHD）合并肺动脉高压（PH）的有效治疗方法。方法：采用同种自体心包单向活瓣（3mm）补片,对20例CHD合并PH患者进行手术治疗。结果：术后5例肺动脉压力下降明显,未出现活瓣补片分流;15例术后72h内出现分流,1例死于低心排综合征,19例康复出院。结论：对于合并重度肺动脉高压的先心病应用单向活瓣补片行手术修补,允许右向左,阻止左向右分流,术后右心压力高于左心者右心血流可通过单向活瓣补片活瓣孔分流到左心系统,为右心起到减压作用。同时以可以耐受的体循环血氧饱和度降低为代价增加左心系血容量,保证左心排出量,有利于保持体肺循环相对平衡,使患者度过术后危险期,减少围术期死亡。     

婴幼儿先天性心脏病的外科治疗

对１１９例患先天性心脏病（先心病）患儿进行了手术治疗。男性７５例，女性４４例。法乐四联症、房室管畸形等复杂先心病５０例；大室间隔缺损合并严重肺动脉高压５３例，其中反复肺炎、心衰，用药物不能控制而进行亚急症手术２４例；其它１６例。主动脉阻断时间为１７～８３（３６．６７±１９．００）ｍｉｎ，体外循环时间为３６～４９３（７６．２０±３４．４２）ｍｉｎ。手术死亡５例（４．２％），其中室缺并严重肺动脉高压亚急症手术死亡率为８％。作者还对婴幼儿期心脏外科手术指征、心肌保护和低心排综合征的防治以及围手术期肺部并发症的防治等问题进行了讨论。     

经皮肺动脉瓣球囊成形术的疗效观察

目的　观察经皮肺动脉瓣成形术 (PBPV)治疗先天性心脏病单纯肺动脉瓣狭窄 (PS)或合并肺动脉瓣狭窄的疗效。方法　选自 1997年 5月至 2 0 0 3年 6月我科经PBPV治疗 2 7例单纯肺动脉瓣狭窄 ,1例法洛三联症 ,1例Ebstein畸形合并肺动脉瓣狭窄。术中经右心导管测得肺动脉右心室收缩压差 (PPG) :平均PPG为 (77.6± 2 4 .8mmHg) ,其中轻度狭窄(2 0mmHg相似文献   

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.