异基因造血干细胞移植FBC预处理14例

[目的]探讨FBC预处理方案在异基因造血干细胞移植中的可行性.[方法]以FBC预处理对14例恶性血液病患者进行异基因造血干细胞移植.FBC预处理方案组成:磷酸氟达拉滨30mg/(m2·d),静滴,-5d～-1d;白消安0.6mg/(kg·d),口服,q6h,-7d～-4d;环磷酰胺30 mg/(kg·d),静滴,-3d～-2d.[结果]14例患者移植后均安全通过骨髓抑制期,顺利重建造血功能,白细胞升至1×109/L为 11d( 9d～ 15d),血小板上升至20×109/L为 12d( 9d～ 21d).8例(57.1%)出现急性移植物抗宿主病,5例(35.7%)出现慢性移植物抗宿主病.至今仍存活11例(78.6%),3例(21.4%)死亡.[结论]用FBC预处理方案进行异基因造血干细胞移植治疗恶性血液病安全、有效.     

Study on Fractionated Total Body Irradiation before Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation

OBJECTIVE To observe the dose and the complications from total body irradiation before hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.METHODS This study involved 312 patients with total body irradiation before hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. They were entered into the treated research from May 1999 to October 2005. All patients had Received the irradiation from 60Co of an absorbed dose rate of (5.2 ± 1.13) cGy/min. The total dose of TBI was 7~12 Gy, 1 f/d × 2 d. A high-dose rate group (≥ 10 Gy) included 139 cases and a low-dose rate group (< 10 Gy) included 173 cases.RESULTS The probability of acute gastrointestinal reactions in the high-dose rate group was more compared with that in the low-dose rate group. The differences for other reactions, such as hematopoietic reconstitution and graft survival rate, between the two groups were insignificant.CONCLUSION Using fractional total body irradiation at a dose rate of 5 cGy/min, with a total dose of 7~12 Gy, 1 f/d x 2 d, with the lung receiving under 7.5 Gy is a safe and effective pretreatment for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.     

含氟达拉滨的预处理行异基因造血干细胞移植治疗恶性血液病的远期疗效

目的：观察含氟达拉滨的预处理方案进行异基因造血干细胞移植治疗恶性血液病的长期疗效。方法：选取2003年2 月至2004年12月间厦门大学附属中山医院收治的15例恶性血液病患者,其中急性髓性白血病3 例,急性淋巴细胞白血病5 例,慢性粒细胞白血病6 例,骨髓增生异常综合症（RAEB）1 例。供受者HLA 配型同胞全相合6 例,同胞或亲缘不相合8 例,非亲缘全相合1 例。预处理方案采用氟达拉滨（Flu 30mg/m2·d,共5d）、马利兰（BU4mg/kg·d,共2～3d）、环磷酰胺（CTX 50mg/kg·d,共2d）,其中8 例加用阿糖胞苷（Ara-c 1.0～2.0g/m2·d,共2d）,9 例HLA 不全相合及非血缘移植者加用兔抗胸腺细胞球蛋白（ATG 3.0～5.0mg/kg·d,共3d）。 预防移植物抗宿主病（GVHD）均采用骁悉（MMF）+ 环孢素（CsA）+ 短程甲氨喋呤（MTX）方案。利用SPSS11.5 统计软件及Kaplan-Meier 方法进行生存分析。结果：15例患者移植后均获得快速完全的植入,无严重的预处理相关毒性。46.7% 发生急性GVHD ,85.7% 发生慢性GVHD ;带状疱疹7.1% 。5 年总生存率为53.5% ,其中移植时处于第一次完全缓解（CR1）和慢性期患者11例,5 年生存率为72.7% ,复发率9.1% ,移植时处于第二次完全缓解（CR2）、复发、加速期及急变期的患者4 例,2 年生存率为0,复发率75,两者有统计学差异（P=0.000 3 和P<0.05）,主要死亡原因为疾病复发和GVHD 。结论：对于移植时处于CR1 和慢性期患者,采用含Flu并适当减低放化疗剂量的预处理方案是有效的移植预处理方案,毒副作用较少,未增加机会性感染,复发率较低;预处理中加入Flu对GVHD 发生率无明显影响。     

异基因造血干细胞移植后白血病复发的危险因素

目的探讨异基因造血干细胞移植后白血病复发的危险因素。方法回顾性选择71例行异基因造血干细胞移植术的白血病患者,采用单因素、COX多因素回归法分析71例患者性别、年龄、疾病类型、诱导疗程数、初诊白细胞计数、巨细胞病毒感染、移植物来源、供受者HLA配型、急性移植后移植物抗宿主病、慢性移植后移植物抗宿主病与复发的相关性。结果71例患者中14例复发。单因素分析结果表明,初诊白细胞计数、诱导疗程数、移植物来源及慢性移植物抗宿主病史是异基因造血干细胞移植后复发的危险因素,P<0.05;Cox多因素回归分析结果表明,诱导疗程数多、无慢性移植物抗宿主病是异基因造血干细胞移植后复发的独立危险因素,P<0.05。结论无慢性移植物抗宿主病、诱导疗程数多是异基因造血干细胞移植后复发的危险因素。     

非清髓性同种造血干细胞移植治疗恶性实体瘤13例

目的:探讨非清髓性同种外周血造血干细胞移植治疗复发及难治性实体瘤的疗效及安全性,并研究移植物抗肿瘤效应(GVT)产生的抗肿瘤免疫效果.方法:13例患者.其中原发不明癌5例,其他经手术,放、化疗治疗后复发及多部位转移,难治性实体瘤8例.年龄17～69岁,中位年龄45岁.ECOG分级:0级5例,1级6例,2、3级各1例.全部患者给予非清髓性预处理方案进行同种外周血造血干细胞移植.供者为HLA完全相合者10例,非血缘关系者3例.ABO血型相合9例,不相合者4例.采集CD34~+数为1.4～6.6×10~4/kg,平均为3.46×10~6/kg.预处理方案三种:供者为同胞的患者采用环磷酰胺+氟达拉宾方案;非血缘供者患者采用氟达拉宾+马法兰方案.移植物抗宿主病(GVHD)防治采用环孢素A或加用甲氨蝶呤.疗效判定以治疗前后肿瘤大小做为移植物抗肿瘤(GVT)效果判定.同时观察同种造血干细胞移植的副作用.结果:全部患者均获造血重建,移植后中性粒细胞>0.5×10~9/L平均时间11.9天,血小板>20×10~9/L平均时间14.9天,不良反应主要表现为胃肠道、皮肤黏膜及神经系统.急性GVHD9例,经治疗后好转.慢性GVHD8例,均为广泛型.GVT效应:1例GVT+++,肿瘤完全消失,无瘤生存887天.3例GVT++,无瘤生存334天.5例GVT+,无瘤生存117～203天.移植效果:以持续3个月以上统计,CRI例,PR2例,SD4例,PD5例,移植相关死亡1例.总有效率为53.8%.不良反应:主要为急性GVHD,表现为胃肠道反应如腹泻,感染等,肝静脉血栓及脑病少见,经对症治疗好转.结论:对复发及难治性实体瘤,特别是原发不明癌采用非清髓性同种外周血造血干细胞移植可提高疗效,并通过移植物抗肿瘤效应使瘤体减小,延长患者生存期.本疗法具有较好的安全性.     

Salvage High-dose Melphalan With Autologous Stem cell Transplantation as Bridge to Consolidation Therapy for Chemoresistant Aggressive B-cell Lymphoma

BackgroundPatients suffering from refractory aggressive B-cell lymphoma not responding to salvage chemotherapy have a dismal prognosis. CAR T-cells or allogeneic stem cell transplantation (SCT) are potentially curative approaches. However, obtaining a remission, and lowering tumor burden before consolidation seems crucial for long-term efficacy of both treatment modalities.Materials and MethodsIn this retrospective analysis, we reviewed patients with chemoresistant aggressive B-cell lymphoma, defined as being refractory or progressive to at least second line salvage chemotherapy including the regimen immediately preceding autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT), treated at 2 tertiary centers, who were eligible for intensive treatment using single agent high-dose (HD) melphalan to obtain a remission before consolidating therapy.ResultsWe identified 36 patients that received single agent HD melphalan and ASCT as remission induction followed by CAR T-cells or allogeneic stem cell transplantation (SCT). Thirteen of the evaluable patients (39.4%) achieved a partial remission and 9 patients (27.73%) a complete remission, resulting in an overall response rate (ORR) of 66.7%. High remission rates were seen across all subgroups including patients with primary refractory lymphoma (ORR 58.3%), uncontrolled disease and high tumor burden as indicated by increased LDH levels (ORR 66.7% for patients with elevated LDH above 2 times upper limit of norm). 22 patients proceeded to allogeneic SCT and 5 to CAR T-cell therapy. Treatment related mortality of ASCT was 5.5% (2 patients, both due to infections). Two-year overall survival of all patients was 15.8%, primarily due to a high non–relapse mortality (45.5%) of allogeneic SCT patients treated with myeloablative conditioning chemotherapy.ConclusionSingle agent HD melphalan produces high remission rates in patients with chemoresistant, uncontrolled aggressive B-cell lymphoma and provides a window of opportunity for consolidation therapy.MicroabstractPatient with refractory/relapsed aggressive B-cell lymphoma after salvage therapy are an unmet medical need because of their very poor prognosis. In our retrospective analysis of 36 patients we showed that single agent high-dose melphalan can achieve high response rates (ORR 66.7%) even in uncontrolled disease enabling consolidation therapy e.g. with allogeneic stem cell transplantation or CAR T-cell therapy.     

Costs of Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation Using Reduced Intensity Conditioning Regimens

Reduced intensity conditioning (RIC) regimens have allowed older patients and those with comorbidities to receive hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT). We analyzed medical costs from the beginning of conditioning to 100 days after HCT for 484 patients and up to 2 years for 311 patients who underwent a RIC HCT at two institutions from January 2008 to December 2010. Multiple linear regression was used to analyze the association between clinical variables, center effect, and costs. Patient and transplant characteristics were comparable between the sites, although differences were seen in pretransplant performance scores. Significant predictors for lower costs for the first 100 days included a diagnosis of lymphoma/myeloma and use of human leukocyte antigen‐matched related donors. Grade II‐IV acute graft‐versus‐host disease (GVHD) was associated with higher costs. The overall short‐term costs between the two institutions were comparable when adjusted for clinical variables (p = .43). Late costs between 100 days and 2 years after HCT were available for one cohort (n = 311); median costs during this period were $39,000 and accounted for 39% of costs during the first 2 years. Late costs were not associated with any pretransplant variables, but were higher with extensive chronic GVHD and death. After adjustment for clinical characteristics, the overall costs of the RIC transplants were similar between the two institutions despite different management approaches (inpatient vs. outpatient conditioning) and accounting methodologies. Use of unrelated/alternative donors, transplant for diseases other than lymphoma or myeloma, and acute GVHD were predictors for higher early costs, and extensive chronic GVHD and death were associated with higher late costs.     

Outcomes in Patients With Relapsed or Refractory Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia Treated With or Without Autologous or Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation

BackgroundOutcomes in patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) have improved; however, a significant number of patients still relapse despite receiving all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA) and arsenic-based therapies.Patients and MethodsOutcomes of patients with relapsed APL who were treated at our institution (1980-2010) and who received HCT were compared with those who received chemotherapy (CT) only.ResultsAmong 40 patients, 24 received HCT (autologous [auto] HCT, 7; allogeneic [allo] HCT, 14; both, 3); 16 received CT only. The median age at diagnosis was 36 years (range, 13-50 years), 31 years (range, 16-58 years), and 44 years (range, 24-79 years) for the auto-HCT, allo-HCT, and CT groups, respectively. Ten (100%) patients who received auto-HCT and 12 (71%) who received allo-HCT were in complete remission at the time of the HCT. The median follow-ups in the auto-HCT, allo-HCT, and CT groups were 74 months (range, 26-135 months), 118 months (range, 28-284 months), and 122 months (range, 32-216 months), respectively. Transplantation-related mortality (1 year) after auto-HCT and allo-HCT were 10% and 29%, respectively. The 7-year event-free survival after auto-HCT and allo-HCT was 68.6% and 40.6%, respectively (P = .45). The 7-year overall survival was 85.7%, 49.4%, and 40% in the auto-HCT, allo-HCT, and CT groups, respectively (P = .48).ConclusionBoth auto-HCT and allo-HCT are associated with durable remission and prolonged survival. All 3 strategies (auto-HCT, allo-HCT, CT) were found to be feasible in the relapsed APL setting and result in long-term disease control in selected patients. In this retrospective analysis, overall survival for patients who received HCT was not significantly better than patients who received CT only, but a trend toward better outcomes was seen in patients who underwent auto-HCT, although not statistically significant.     

Favorable Outcomes With Tumor Burden Reduction Following Administration of Hypomethylating Agents Before Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation in Patients With Higher Risk Myelodysplastic Syndrome

IntroductionThe clinical significance of tumor burden reduction following administration of hypomethylating agents (HMAs) for transplant-eligible patients with higher risk myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) was evaluated.Patients and MethodsData of 79 transplant-eligible patients (< 65 years) diagnosed with higher-risk MDS between July 2002 and March 2013 were retrospectively analyzed. Among 79 patients, 30 (38%) underwent allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT group), and 49 (62%) were treated with HMA alone (non-HCT group).ResultsThe median follow-up duration was 732 days (range, 28-1952 days), and the 3-year overall survival (OS) rate of all patients was 30.6%. In the HCT group, early HCT showed a better 3-year OS rate than late HCT (67.1% vs. 25.7%; P = .035). In multivariate analysis, time/performance of allogenic transplant (no HCT vs. early HCT, hazard ratio, 0.18; 95% confidence interval, 0.04-0.81; P = .026) and follow-up higher risk International Prognostic Scoring System (hazard ratio, 6.22; 95% confidence interval, 2.09-18.51; P = .001) were significantly correlated with OS.ConclusionTo predict the clinical outcomes of patients with higher risk MDS, the optimal time for tumor burden evaluation is prior to follow-up rather than at the time of initial diagnosis. Patients with lower International Prognostic Scoring System risk groups after HMA treatment or early HCT had favorable OS.     

造血干细胞支持下大剂量LACE方案对27例难治复发性淋巴瘤疗效观察

目的:评价在造血干细胞支持下,LACE预处理方案对难治性、复发性淋巴瘤临床疗效.方法:自2001年3月至2003年7月对27例难治性、复发性淋巴瘤在造血干细胞支持下,应用LACE预处理方案:罗氮芥(L)200mg/m2,1次口服(移植前第7天),足叶乙甙(E)1g/m2,静脉点滴(移植前第7天),阿糖胞苷(A)2g/m2×d-1,静脉点滴(移植前第6、5天),环磷酰胺(C)1.8/m2×d-1,静脉点滴(移植前第4、3、2天),0天进行自体干细胞输注并进行随访观察.结果:27例患者均可耐受化疗,无移植相关死亡病例,并对移植后的患者进行随访观察,随访中位期14个月(7～35),6例复发,21例缓解.统计分析2年无瘤生存率可达70%,预计5年生存率可达55%.结论:对难治性复发性淋巴瘤,在造血干细胞支持下,LACE方案是较好的一种预处理方案.     

自体外周血造血干细胞移植治疗非霍奇金淋巴瘤的临床疗效分析

目的 探讨自体外周血造血干细胞移植(auto-PBSCT)治疗非霍奇金淋巴瘤(NHL)的疗效和安全性.、方法 行自体造血干细胞移植的16例NHL患者,其中移植前达到完全缓解状态8例(治疗组),男性3例,女性5例,平均年龄29.6岁(6～42岁);移植前为复发难治性8例(对照组).预处理均采用经典的BEAM方案(卡莫司汀、依托泊苷、阿糖胞苷、马法兰).移植后观察全部患者移植相关并发症发生情况和生存情况.结果 治疗组全部患者均获造血重建,随访至2015年10月,中位随访时间为32.1个月(0.8～67个月),治疗组除1例死于严重肺部感染外,其余7例全部处于完全缓解状态,总生存率(OS)达87.5％;对照组中1例死于多器官功能衰竭,1例死于肺部感染,2例死于败血症,2例复发死亡,2例患者存活,OS达25.0％.两组OS相比,差异有统计学意义(x2=6.349,P=0.012).结论 Auto-PB-SCT对于移植前完全缓解的患者有效、安全,对于复发难治性非霍奇金淋巴瘤,可作为挽救性治疗,在临床广泛开展.