颈后路寰枢椎钉棒内固定植骨融合术治疗寰枢椎不稳及脱位的疗效分析

目的 探讨采用颈后路寰枢椎钉棒内固定植骨融合术治疗寰枢椎不稳及脱位的临床疗效。方法 回顾性研究2014年4月至2015年9月我院采用颈后路寰枢椎钉棒内固定植骨融合术治疗的寰枢椎不稳及脱位病人36例,其中男21例、女15例,年龄为23~65岁、平均（51.3±8.4）岁。术前、术后及随访期间均行颈椎X线、CT及MRI检查,通过术前和末次随访时病人日本骨科协会（Japanese Orthopaedic Association scores, JOA）评分、寰椎平面脊髓有效空间（space available for the spinal cord, SAC）及颈部功能障碍指数（neck disability index, NDI）进行疗效分析。结果 36例病人均顺利完成手术,随访时间为17~35个月,平均26个月。术后呼吸困难1例、脑脊液漏1例、切口渗液感染1例,经对症处理症状后均好转。随访期间,未见内固定失效及寰枢椎再脱位等并发症发生。术后1年时,寰枢椎间植骨均获得较满意的骨性融合。末次随访时,36例病人JOA评分、SAC及NDI分别为（14.36±1.69）分、（14.58±1.86） mm、19.24±7.57,与术前比较均有改善,差异均有统计学意义（均P＜0.05）。29例非外伤病人末次随访时颈椎屈伸活动度与术前相比有所改善,但差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;旋转活动度相比术前受限,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论 颈后路寰枢椎钉棒内固定植骨融合术治疗寰枢椎不稳及脱位可有效复位、牢靠固定,且植骨融合率高,临床疗效令人满意。     

3D打印个性化导板辅助在上颈椎后路椎弓根钉置入中的初步临床应用

目的 探讨3D打印制作个体化颈椎椎弓根螺钉导板辅助上颈椎后路椎弓根钉置入的效果。方法 回顾性分析2013年10月至2018年10月于我院行3D打印导板辅助上颈椎后路椎弓根钉置入内固定治疗的32例颈椎疾病病人的临床资料,寰枢椎骨折15例（Jefferson分型前弓骨折6例、后弓骨折5例、前后弓同时骨折1例、单纯侧块骨折3例）,寰枢椎脱位17例。所有病人术前行颈椎三维CT检查,采用Mimics V17.0对目标椎体进行三维重建,3D打印机打印个体化颈椎椎弓根螺钉导板,在导板辅助下置钉。应用疼痛视觉模拟量表（visual analogue scale, VAS）评分、日本骨科协会（Japanese Orthopaedic Association, JOA）颈椎神经功能评分评估手术前后病人颈椎疼痛程度、颈椎神经功能,并于术后进行CT复查,判断螺钉置入准确度,术后钉道内倾角和头倾角与术前设计的差异。结果 32例病人均顺利完成手术,术中导板与椎体后方骨性结构均紧密贴合,共置入椎弓根螺钉127枚,其中C₁：64枚,C₂：63枚。寰枢椎骨折组手术时间短于寰枢椎脱位组［（183.21±43.02） min vs. （236.62±54.51） min,P＜0.05］,两组术中出血量［（135.52±50.73） ml vs. （185.85±26.95） ml］的差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。颈椎术后钉道内倾角和头倾角与术前设计的差异均无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。与术前比较,寰枢椎骨折病人和寰枢椎脱位病人术后VAS评分均显著下降（P＜0.05）,JOA评分均显著上升（P＜0.05）。术中未出现并发症,术后并发症发生率为12.50%（4/32）,均经对症治疗后好转。结论 3D打印导板辅助可降低上颈椎后路椎弓根钉置入内固定手术的风险,置钉准确度高,术中损伤小,术后并发症少。     

后路寰枢椎椎弓根钉固定融合治疗寰枢椎不稳或脱位

目的探讨颈后路寰枢椎椎弓根钉固定融合治疗寰枢椎不稳或脱位的临床效果。方法对25例寰枢椎不稳或脱位患者采用后路寰枢椎椎弓根螺钉系统复位固定并植骨融合治疗。结果所有患者术中无椎动脉及脊髓损伤发生,术后枕颈部不适症状均不同程度消失,受损脊髓神经功能改善明显。25例均获随访,时间12~36(18±6)个月。末次随访时,无螺钉断裂、松动或移位,颈椎复位满意,无寰枢椎再移位,失稳现象发生,全部获得骨性融合;颈椎屈曲功能良好,旋转功能轻度受限。结论后路寰枢椎椎弓根钉固定融合术是治疗寰枢椎不稳或脱位的有效方法。     

枢椎后路峡部螺钉固定的相关影像学测量

目的：通过CT测量探讨枢椎峡部螺钉固定技术的安全性和可行性。方法：收集2016年1月至2019年12月进行全颈椎CT检查的137例结构完整的上颈椎CT数据,其中男71例,女66例;年龄22~65（41.8±17.4）岁。通过Mimics19.0软件测量峡部螺钉技术相关的解剖学数据,包括峡部宽度、峡部垂直长度、峡部垂直高度、峡部螺钉通道长度、峡部螺钉通道头倾角度。并分析各项指标之间的相关性。结果：枢椎峡部宽度（9.05±1.63） mm,垂直长度（11.21±1.43） mm,垂直高度（17.53±2.93） mm。螺钉通道长度为（19.07±3.20） mm。峡部螺钉通道长度>14 mm的占94.53%,14~16 mm的占82.12%,16~18 mm的占63.14%,18~20 mm的占39.78%。螺钉通道的头倾角度为30°~68°,平均（46.06±8.06）°。螺钉通道长度和头倾角度呈高度正相关（r=0.965,P=0.000）。峡部垂直长度和螺钉通道长度,峡部垂直长度和螺钉的头倾角度之间都呈轻度正相关（r=0.240,P=0.000;r=0.163,P=0.007）。峡部宽度和螺钉通道长度,峡部宽度和螺钉通道的头倾角度之间都呈中度负相关（r=-0.333,P=0.000;r=-0.380,P=0.000）。结论：进行枢椎后路峡部螺钉固定安全、可靠,比枢椎后路椎弓根螺钉固定具有更大的适用范围,可以作为椎弓根螺钉的替代选择。     

后路有限椎板切除术治疗胸椎管内髓外肿瘤的疗效分析

目的 评价后路有限椎板切除治疗胸椎管内髓外肿瘤的疗效和可行性。方法 回顾性分析我院2009年7月至2017年5月收治的85例胸椎管内髓外肿瘤病人的临床资料。采用后入路全椎板切除+椎弓根螺钉内固定术的36例纳入全椎板切除内固定组,采用后入路有限椎板切除、无内固定的49例纳入有限椎板切除组。比较两组病人的手术时间、失血量、住院费用、术后日本骨科协会（Japanese Orthopaedic Association, JOA）评估治疗分数、胸椎后凸Cobb角变化、术后脑脊液漏发生率。结果 两组术后随访6~36个月,全椎板切除内固定组的平均随访时间为（20.36±8.61）个月,有限椎板切除组的平均随访时间为（21.73±7.33）个月。有限椎板切除组的手术时间为（2.37±0.22） h,失血量为（313.3±32.8） ml,住院费用为（1.63±0.24）万元,均低于全椎板切除内固定组,差异均有统计学意义（t=16.799,t=21.620,t=24.071,P均＜0.001）;两组的JOA评分优良率、胸椎后凸Cobb角变化、脑脊液漏发生率比较,差异均无统计学意义（χ²=0.091,t=-0.809,χ²=0.186,P均＞0.05）。结论 后路有限椎板切除术治疗胸椎管内髓外肿瘤与全椎板切除内固定术相比,疗效、术后并发症、术后胸椎后凸变化情况相近,但手术时间、术中失血量、住院费用明显低于后者,是一种有效、经济、安全的治疗方法。     

颈后路椎弓根钉内固定植骨融合术治疗寰枢椎不稳定骨折

目的：探讨颈后路椎弓根钉内固定植骨融合术治疗寰枢椎不稳定骨折的临床疗效。方法：2008年7月至2013年7月,采用颈后路寰枢椎椎弓根钉内固定植骨融合术治疗寰枢椎不稳定骨折患者21例,男14例,女7例;年龄20-55岁,平均32岁。术中利用寰枢椎椎弓根钉的提拉及牵引作用对移位的寰枢椎进行复位。结果：21例患者均获随访,时间6-24个月,平均12.5个月。伤口均愈合,无感染等并发症,术前患者均有不同程度四肢症状,术后6个月21例患者临床症状均缓解。术后6个月,ASIA评分的运动、轻触及针刺评分分别是99.45±0.27、111.09±0.47、111.11±0.58,较术前明显提高（P〈0.05）;VAS及NDI评分分别为1.04±0.38、12.56±2.24,均较术前明显提高（P〈0.05）;影像学检查示内固定位置好,未见寰枢关节不稳。结论：颈后路椎弓根钉内固定植骨融合术可以有效恢复寰枢椎关节的稳定性,减少并发症,疗效满意。     

颈后路内固定植骨融合术治疗寰枢椎脱位的疗效分析

目的 探讨采用颈后路内固定植骨融合术治疗寰枢椎脱位的临床疗效。方法 回顾性分析2015年1月至2019年10月陕西省人民医院骨科收治的寰枢椎脱位患者18例,其中男10例,女8例,年龄24～71岁,平均(49.50±13.00)岁。根据术前颈椎动力位片评估、颅骨牵引实验,将18例患者分为寰枢椎不稳(instability)、可复性寰枢椎脱位(reducible dislocation)、不可复性寰枢椎脱位(irreducible dislocation),寰枢椎不稳共6例(33.33%),行经后路寰枢椎椎弓根螺钉固定术;可复性寰枢椎脱位共8例(44.44%),行颈后路寰枢椎内固定植骨融合术;不可复性寰枢椎脱位4例(22.22%),行前路经口寰枢关节松解、后路复位固定融合术。通过术前和末次随访时患者日本骨科学会(Japanese orthopaedic association, JOA)评分及颈椎功能障碍指数(neck disability index, NDI)评估颈脊髓神经功能改善程度及临床疗效。通过术前及术后末次随访影像学检查,比较寰齿前间隙(atlantodental interv...     

钉棒系统在寰枢椎骨折脱位中的应用

目的探讨应用后路经寰枢椎椎弓根螺钉固定融合治疗寰枢椎骨折脱位的临床疗效。方法对14例寰枢椎骨折脱位的患者采用后路经椎弓根螺钉固定的方法,行寰枢椎固定。为保证确切的三点固定和植骨融合,同时辅以寰枢椎间植骨与钛缆固定。结果患者寰枢椎间稳定性得到恢复,无并发症发生,随访6～14个月(平均10个月),14例患者均获骨融合。结论经后路寰枢椎椎弓根螺钉固定融合术可为寰枢椎骨折脱位的患者提供牢固的三维固定。     

螺钉与接骨板内固定治疗Lisfranc损伤疗效的Meta分析

目的：比较螺钉与接骨板内固定治疗Lisfranc损伤的临床疗效。方法：计算机检索万方、CNKI、Pubmed、EMBASE、维普、BIOSIS等数据库,检索时间为2000年1月1日至2021年8月1日的临床试验文献,严格评价纳入研究的方法学质量并提取资料,采用Revman 5.4软件对所得数据进行Meta分析。结果：纳入随机对照试验文献9篇和回顾性队列研究10篇文献,其中试验组416例患者采用螺钉内固定治疗,对照组435例患者采用接骨板内固定治疗。Meta分析显示：接骨板内固定组手术时间长于螺钉内固定组[MD=-14.40,95% CI= （-17.21,-11.60）,P<0.000 01],接骨板内固定组在术后X线解剖复位情况[MD=0.47,95% CI= （0.25,0.86）,P=0.01]、术后美国足踝外科协会（American orthopedic foot and ankle society,AOFAS）足功能评分优良率[MD=0.25,95% CI= （0.15,0.42）,P<0.000 01]、术后AOFAS足功能评分[MD=-5.51,95% CI= （-10.10,-0.92）,P=0.02]较螺钉内固定组更优。两种手术方式在术后骨折愈合时间[MD=1.91,95% CI= （-1.36,5.18）,P=0.25]、术后VAS[MD=0.38,95% CI= （-0.09,0.86）,P=0.11]、术后并发症[MD=1.32,95% CI= （0.73,2.40）,P=0.36]、术后感染率[MD=0.84,95% CI= （0.48,1.46）,P=0.53]、术后内固定失效[MD=1.25,95% CI= （0.61,2.53）,P=0.54]和术后创伤性关节炎发生率[MD=1.80,95% CI= （0.83,3.91）,P=0.14]方面比较,差异无统计学意义。结论：接骨板内固定治疗Lisfranc损伤具有更好的短期和中期结果以及更低的再手术率。所以,更推荐采用接骨板内固定治疗Lisfranc损伤。     

难复型寰枢椎脱位的手术治疗

目的探讨后路寰枢椎弓根钉棒系统在难复型寰枢椎脱位的临床应用。方法 18例难复型寰枢椎脱位患者,采用后路寰枢椎弓根钉棒系统,进行寰枢椎部分撑开后提拉复位,固定及植骨融合,其中单纯固定融合14例,加行颈椎管成压术者4例。结果本组平均手术时间2.8(1.8～3.6)h,平均出血量380(150～680)ml,均无术中、术后并发症,无脊髓损伤症状加重。18例患者获得6月～3年随访,获得良好寰枢椎骨性融合,钉棒系统内固定牢固,无松动;寰枢椎保持复位位置;术后脊髓功能(JOA17分法)改善率82.3%,其中优12例,良4例,有效2例。结论经后路寰枢椎弓根钉棒系统,对寰枢椎进行部分撑开后提拉复位,一次完成难复型寰枢椎脱位的复位、固定和融合,是治疗难复型寰枢椎脱位较理想的手术方法。     

维生素D受体在糖尿病肾病足细胞损伤及蛋白尿缓解中的作用

目的探讨维生素D受体(VDR)在糖尿病肾病(DKD)足细胞中的表达水平及在足细胞损伤及蛋白尿缓解中的作用。方法(1)本研究纳入了65例诊断患有2型糖尿病(伴或不伴蛋白尿)的患者,并纳入了25例年龄和性别相匹配的健康体检者为对照组。根据白蛋白/肌酐(ACR)的尿排泄比例对2型糖尿病患者进行分组,分别为无蛋白尿(ACR<30 mg/g,n=24)、微量白蛋白尿(ACR 30~300 mg/g,n=18)和临床蛋白尿(ACR>300 mg/g,n=23)。另选择25例经肾活检确诊的DKD患者作为DKD组。正常肾脏组织标本均取自泌尿外科同一时期肾脏肿瘤切除患者10例。将各组检测指标进行对比,同时采用实时定量PCR、ELISA法和免疫组化法检测VDR在各组患者的血液、尿液样本和肾脏组织中的表达情况,以及使用Pearson相关分析分析VDR与尿蛋白的相关性。(2)在2型糖尿病肾病小鼠模型中对上述结果进行验证,将遗传背景均为C57BLKs/J的雄性db/db小鼠及同窝出生的db/m小鼠,随机分为正常对照组(A组)、DKD对照组(B组)、DKD二甲基亚砜处理组(C组)、DKD帕立骨化醇(VDR激动剂)处理组(D组),C、D组连续腹腔注射处理8周,对照组不做任何处理。小鼠10周龄时开始连续干预8周,在小鼠22周龄(开始干预后12周)检测各组小鼠体重、血、尿生化指标对比;Western印迹法检测β⁃catenin、VDR的变化;免疫荧光观察足细胞标志蛋白podocin及足细胞损伤蛋白α⁃SMA的表达变化。结果(1)与正常健康对照组相比,无蛋白尿组、微量白蛋白尿组和临床蛋白尿组的糖尿病患者血浆中VDR的mRNA和蛋白水平均较低(均P<0.05);与无蛋白尿组的糖尿病患者相比,微量白蛋白尿组和临床蛋白尿组的糖尿病患者血浆中VDR的mRNA和蛋白水平均较低(均P<0.05)。(2)与正常健康对照组相比,无蛋白尿糖尿病组和DKD组患者血浆中VDR的mRNA和蛋白水平均较低(均P<0.05);与无蛋白尿糖尿病组患者相比,DKD组患者血浆中VDR的mRNA和蛋白水平亦较低(均P<0.05)。(3)免疫组化结果显示,DKD组肾组织中VDR的表达明显少于正常对照组。(4)DKD患者血浆中VDR mRNA相对水平与ACR呈负相关(r=-0.342,P<0.05)。(5)各组尿液上清液中VDR的水平与血浆中的水平呈相反趋势。(6)Western印迹结果显示,B组、C组肾小球足细胞β⁃catenin蛋白表达高于D组(均P<0.05),VDR蛋白的表达低于D组(均P<0.05);免疫荧光结果显示,B组、C组肾小球足细胞podocin的表达低于D组(均P<0.05),α⁃SMA的表达高于D组(均P<0.05)。结论VDR高表达缓解DKD足细胞损伤及蛋白尿。     

Anterior Interosseous Nerve Palsy After Shoulder Arthroscopy Treated With Surgical Decompression: A Case Series and Systematic Review of the Literature

Background: Anterior interosseous nerve (AIN) palsy is a very uncommon cause of upper extremity pain and weakness that comprises less than 1% of all upper extremity nerve palsies. Rarely reported but also mentioned in the literature is AIN palsy after shoulder arthroscopy. Methods: A systematic review of the literature to date using PubMed was conducted to identify patients who suffered AIN palsy after shoulder arthroscopy procedures. Articles included met the following criteria: (1) published in English; (2) primary presentation of the data; (3) patients had undergone shoulder arthroscopy before developing symptoms of AIN palsy; and (4) diagnosis was confirmed with clinical symptoms of AIN palsy. Measured outcomes included patient demographics, specific shoulder procedure, anesthesia procedure, intra-operative patient positioning, intra-operative compressive dressing, intra-operative traction, surgical versus conservative treatment, abnormal findings during decompression procedure, proposed mechanism of injury, and follow-up. Results: The search yielded 6 articles, of which 4 (13 cases) met inclusion criteria. An additional 2 cases were included in this report totaling 15 cases. The average patient age was 49 years (range: 31-64) with 73% males. At average follow-up of 24 months, 67% of patients experienced complete resolution of symptoms—more than half of which underwent surgical decompression. Patients who failed to progress experienced weakness of the flexor digitorum profundus and flexor pollicis longus muscles. Conclusions: Proposed injury mechanisms for AIN palsy after shoulder arthroscopy range from mechanical trauma, compressive hematoma, and direct anesthetic neurotoxicity. Management should be directed by clinical symptoms, imaging, and patient factors with majority of patients expected to have excellent clinical outcomes.     

不同尿钙水平的Gitelman综合征患者临床特点比较

目的观察不同尿钙水平Gitelman综合征(GS)患者的临床特点,探讨尿钙在GS疾病临床分型中的价值。方法收集2016—2018年来自中国国家罕见病注册系统(NRSC)、在北京协和医院行SLC12A3基因检测诊断为GS患者的临床资料,分析其尿钙特点,比较不同尿钙水平患者的临床和实验室检查指标。氢氯噻嗪试验按照标准操作流程进行,测定患者基线和用药后3 h内氯离子排泄分数改变量的最大值(ΔFECl)。结果共有83例GS患者被纳入研究,其中低尿钙患者53例(63.86%)。低尿钙组尿钙/肌酐比明显低于非低尿钙组[(0.085±0.058)mmol/mmol比(0.471±0.284)mmol/mmol,t=7.349,P<0.001]。两组患者在年龄、性别、估算肾小球滤过率、血压、血尿电解质水平、代谢性碱中毒方面差异均无统计学意义。低尿钙组患者乏力(χ2=4.595,P=0.032)及多尿(χ2=5.778,P=0.016)发生比例低于非低尿钙组,两组患者在其他临床症状方面差异无统计学意义。低尿钙和非低尿钙组各有16例患者行氢氯噻嗪试验,中位ΔFECl结果分别为0.539%(0.430%,1.283%)和0.829%(0.119%,1.298%),均提示对氢氯噻嗪无反应,组间差异无统计学意义(U=130.000,P=0.956)。结论GS患者中低尿钙比例为63.86%,尿钙水平与疾病临床表型、NCC功能损伤严重程度之间均无明确相关性。     

Role of Conventional and Diffusion-Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Spinal Treatment Protocol for Hydatid Disease

Objective:

To demonstrate the role of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in determining the treatment protocol for hydatid disease of the spine.

Design:

Case report; literature review.

Findings:

Diffusion-weighted MRI can help differentiate complicated infected hydatidosis from abscesses, epidermoid cysts from arachnoid cysts, and benign from malignant vertebral compression fractures. It is also helpful in differentiating between abscesses and necrotic tumors.

Conclusion:

Diffusion-weighted MRI can help differentiate between infections requiring immediate surgery and those that can be treated medically with antihelmintic treatment.     

Fibrinogen-thrombin collagen patch reinforcement of highrisk colonic anastomoses in rats

AIM To evaluate the effectiveness of human fibrinogenthrombin collagen patch(TachoSil~?) in the reinforcement of high-risk colon anastomoses.METHODS A quasi-experimental study was conducted in Wistar rats(n = 56) that all underwent high-risk anastomoses(anastomosis with only two sutures) after colectomies. The rats were divided into two randomized groups: Control group(24 rats) and treatment group(24 rats). In the treatment group, high-risk anastomosis was reinforced with TachoSil~? (a piece of Tacho Sil? was applied over this high-risk anastomosis, covering the gap). Leak incidence, overall survival, intra-abdominal adhesions, and histologic healing of anastomoses were analyzed. Survivors were divided into two subgroups and euthanized at 15 and 30 d after intervention in order to analyze the adhesions and histologic changes. RESULTS Overall survival was 71.4% and 57.14% in the TachoSil~? group and control group, respectively(P = 0.29); four rats died from other causes and six rats in the treatment group and 10 in the control group experienced colonic leakage(P 0.05). The intra-abdominal adhesion score was similar in both groups, with no differences between subgroups. We found non-significant differences in the healing process according to the histologic score used in both groups(P = 0.066).CONCLUSION In our study, the use of TachoSil~? was associated with a non-statistically significant reduction in the rate of leakage in high-risk anastomoses. TachoSil~? has been shown to be a safe product because it does not affect the histologic healing process or increase intra-abdominal adhesions.     

Fluorescence in the Sclera,Nails, and Teeth Secondary to Favipiravir Use for COVID-19 Infections

Favipiravir, an antiviral agent originally used for influenza infections, has become popular due to its beneficial signals in coronavirus disease. It is currently used in some countries within COVID-19 treatment protocols. This is an initial report of favipiravir-related fluorescence observed in three healthcare providers working in the same ward in our hospital. All three individuals had been diagnosed with COVID-19 two months earlier and were treated with favipiravir. None of the three individuals received hydroxychloroquine or tetracyclines. Wood’s light examination led to an incidental discovery of favipiravir-induced fluorescence involving the sclera, nails, and teeth. In all patients, white linear, square, and band-like specks of fluorescence were noticed on the sclera of both eyes, some teeth, and the proximal part of all fingernails and toenails. Exposure of the eyes to the Wood’s light was for a brief duration of 3 to 5 seconds during examination and photodocumentation. Favipiravir might cause bright white fluorescence of nails, sclera, and teeth, detectable by Wood’s light even two months after its cessation.     

Safety and tolerability of single intravenous doses of sugammadex administered simultaneously with rocuronium or vecuronium in healthy volunteers

BACKGROUND: Sugammadex rapidly reverses rocuronium- and vecuronium-induced neuromuscular block. To investigate the effect of combination of sugammadex and rocuronium or vecuronium on QT interval, it would be preferable to avoid the interference of anaesthesia. Therefore, this pilot study was performed to investigate the safety, tolerability, and plasma pharmacokinetics of single i.v. doses of sugammadex administered simultaneously with rocuronium or vecuronium to anaesthetized and non-anaesthetized healthy volunteers. METHODS: In this phase I study, 12 subjects were anaesthetized with propofol/remifentanil and received sugammadex 16, 20, or 32 mg kg(-1) combined with rocuronium 1.2 mg kg(-1) or vecuronium 0.1 mg kg(-1); four subjects were not anaesthetized and received sugammadex 32 mg kg(-1) with rocuronium 1.2 mg kg(-1) or vecuronium 0.1 mg kg(-1) (n=2 per treatment). Neuromuscular function was assessed by TOF-Watch SX monitoring in anaesthetized subjects and by clinical tests in non-anaesthetized volunteers. Sugammadex, rocuronium, and vecuronium plasma concentrations were measured at several time points. RESULTS: No serious adverse events (AEs) were reported. Fourteen subjects reported 23 AEs after study drug administration. Episodes of mild headache, tiredness, cold feeling (application site), dry mouth, oral discomfort, nausea, increased aspartate aminotransferase and gamma-glutamyltransferase levels, and moderate injection site irritation were considered as possibly related to the study drug. The ECG and vital signs showed no clinically relevant changes. Rocuronium/vecuronium plasma concentrations declined faster than those of sugammadex. CONCLUSIONS: Single-dose administration of sugammadex 16, 20, or 32 mg kg(-1) in combination with rocuronium 1.2 mg kg(-1) or vecuronium 0.1 mg kg(-1) was well tolerated with no clinical evidence of residual neuromuscular block, confirming that these combinations can safely be administered simultaneously to non-anaesthetized subjects. Rocuronium and vecuronium plasma concentrations decreased faster than those of sugammadex, reducing the theoretical risk of neuromuscular block developing over time.     

罗伊适应模式对腹股沟疝无张力疝修补术后恢复情况的影响

目的探讨罗伊适应模式对患者腹股沟疝无张力疝修补术后恢复情况的影响。 方法将2016年1月至2019年5月在秦皇岛市第二医院择期进行无张力修补术治疗的120例腹股沟疝患者，按照随机数字法分为对照组和观察组，每组各60例。对照组采用常规护理治疗，观察组在对照组的基础上采用罗伊适应模式。比较2组患者的术后临床指标、心理状态、围手术期并发症发生情况及满意度。 结果术后观察组患者的首次排气时间、恢复正常饮食时间、离床活动时间和术后住院时间均低于对照组（P<0.05）；术后观察组患者的抑郁自评量表（SDS）和焦虑自评量表（SAS）评分显著低于对照组（P<0.05）；术后2组患者均无切口感染发生，2组患者尿潴留、急性疼痛、认知功能障碍、发热、血肿等发生率相比无统计学差异（P>0.05）；术后观察组患者护理满意度为96.67%，显著高于对照组的83.33%（P<0.05）。 结论在常规护理的基础上，罗伊适应模式用于患者腹股沟疝无张力修补围手术期，能有效改善术后患者的焦虑/抑郁情绪，不增加围手术期并发症，促进术后患者的恢复及提高治疗满意度。     

Factors Associated With Reoperation After Silicone Proximal Interphalangeal Joint Arthroplasty

Background: Silicone proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joint arthroplasty has a high revision rate. It has been suggested that persistent ulnar deviation and joint instability influence the durability of PIP silicone arthroplasties. The goal of this study was to evaluate what factors are associated with reoperation after silicone PIP arthroplasty. Methods: We retrospectively evaluated all adult patients who underwent PIP silicone arthroplasty between 2002 and 2016 at one institutional system for inflammatory-, posttraumatic-, and primary degenerative arthritis. After manual chart review, we included 91 patients who underwent 114 arthroplasties. Fingers operated included 14 index, 41 middle, 38 ring, and 21 small fingers. Results: The overall reoperation rate was 14% (n = 16). Non-Caucasian race (P = .040), smoking (P = .022) and PIP silicone arthroplasty for post-traumatic osteoarthritis (P = .021) were associated with reoperation. The 1-, 5- and 10-year implant survival rates were 87%, 85%, and 85%, respectively. Conclusion: Caution should be exercised when considering PIP silicone arthroplasty of the index finger or in patients with post-traumatic osteoarthritis. It may be worthwhile addressing smoking behavior before pursuing silicone PIP arthroplasty.     

血浆凝血因子VIII水平与IgA肾病患者临床病理改变及预后的关系

目的探讨血浆凝血因子VIII(factor VIII,FVIII)水平与IgA肾病(IgAN)患者临床参数及预后的关系。方法收集2016年1月至2016年12月中南大学湘雅二医院确诊的IgAN患者的临床资料。按照时间依赖的受试者工作特征曲线(ROC)得出的血浆FVIII预测IgAN预后的临界值,将患者分为高FVIII组(FVIII>140.50%)和低FVIII组(FVIII≤140.50%),比较两组患者肾活检时基线临床参数的差异。以估算肾小球滤过率(eGFR)下降≥30%或进入终末期肾脏病(ESRD)为终点事件,采用Kaplan-Meier生存曲线及Cox回归方程法分析血浆FVIII水平对IgAN患者预后的影响。结果共93例IgAN患者纳入本研究,中位随访时间为35.15(33.77,36.76)个月,12例(12.90%)患者发生终点事件。高FVIII组患者年龄、血肌酐、尿素氮、血三酰甘油、血总胆固醇、血浆纤维蛋白原、D-二聚体、24 h尿蛋白量、蛋白C、蛋白S和eGFR下降速率高于低FVIII组(均P<0.05);eGFR、血白蛋白、中位随访时间低于低FVIII组(均P<0.05)。Kaplan-Meier生存分析结果显示,与低FVIII组比较,高FVIII组患者肾脏累积生存率降低(χ2=5.635,P=0.018)。在校正收缩压、eGFR、尿蛋白、肾小管萎缩/间质纤维化程度等因素后,多因素Cox回归分析结果显示,高血浆FVIII水平是IgAN患者肾脏预后不良的独立危险因素(HR=4.147,95%CI 1.055~16.308,P=0.042)。结论血浆FVIII水平与IgAN患者临床指标及预后相关,高血浆FVIII水平是IgAN患者肾脏预后不良的独立危险因素。