经桡动脉和股动脉冠状动脉造影的对比研究

目的探讨经桡动脉和股动脉途径冠脉造影的优缺点。方法 2009年1月至2010年6月我院行冠脉造影的患者62例,应用随机分配表随机分为两组（桡动脉组30例,股动脉组32例）,比较两组的穿刺成功率、造影成功率、手术操作时间、住院时间、住院费用及并发症。结果与股动脉组比较,桡动脉组住院时间（5.9±1.3）天,住院费用（7363.8±1124.9）元,无腰背痛、排尿障碍,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;而两组在穿刺成功率、造影成功率、手术操作时间方面差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论与股动脉途径相比,经桡动脉途径冠脉造影安全有效,并发症少,无需卧床,住院时间短,费用低,患者易于接受。     

急性心肌梗死冠状动脉介入治疗疗效探讨

目的比较经股动脉与桡动脉两种途径冠状动脉介入治疗（PCI）急性心肌梗死的疗效。方法将广东医学院第三附属医院收治的120例心肌梗死患者按照动脉穿刺途径分为桡动脉组60例和股动脉组60例,对两组间的动脉穿刺点压迫时间、PCI的成功率、穿刺点局部并发症、下肢静脉血栓及低血压、尿潴留的发生率进行对比分析。结果股动脉组成功率为93.33%,桡动脉组成功率为95.00%。两组PCI的成功率、下肢静脉血栓比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）;穿刺点压迫时间、穿刺点局部的并发症、低血压及尿潴留的发生率,桡动脉组与股动脉组比较,桡动脉显著少于股动脉组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论经桡动脉与股动脉途径行经皮冠状动脉介入治疗急性心肌梗死成功率相似,但经桡动脉途径行经皮冠状动脉介入治疗急性心肌梗死血管并发症少,有利于有效安全的抗凝治疗,值得临床推广。     

Safety and feasibility of the distal transradial approach: A novel technique for diagnostic cerebral angiography

PurposeWe aimed to evaluate the safety and feasibility of the distal transradial approach (DTRA) as a novel technique for cerebral angiography based on our institutional initial experience.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed our institutional database of consecutive diagnostic cerebral angiographies performed with DTRA from December 2018 to August 2019. Patient demographics and clinical and procedural data were recorded.ResultsIn total, 51 diagnostic cerebral angiographies in 51 patients (age, 15–83 years; mean age, 59.4 years, SD 13.5; 35 (69%) females) were performed or attempted with DTRA. Ultrasound evaluation showed that the mean inner distal radial artery diameter was significantly smaller than the mean inner forearm radial artery diameter (2.19 mm vs. 2.56 mm, P < 0.001). Cannulation via the distal radial artery was successful in 47 (92%) procedures. In the four procedures that failed, operators converted to the ipsilateral transradial approach without repositioning or redraping. Selective catheterization of the intended vessel was achieved in 64 (91%) of 70 vessels. In the remaining six, operators achieved the objective of the examination with angiography injecting from proximal and conversion to another approach was not required. One patient experienced temporary numbness around the puncture site after the procedure. No radial artery occlusion was identified in the patients who underwent ultrasound evaluation.ConclusionOur results demonstrate that DTRA could become a standard approach for diagnostic cerebral angiography owing to the low complication rate and the high cannulation success rate.     

经桡动脉和股动脉两种途径行冠状动脉造影后即刻介入治疗的比较

目的比较经桡动脉和股动脉两种穿刺途径行冠状动脉造影术后即刻冠状动脉介入治疗的成功率、并发症以及近期疗效。方法选择因冠心病心绞痛入院行择期冠状动脉造影,且结果显示明确的冠状动脉病变,并选择即刻行冠状动脉介入治疗者。其中经桡动脉穿刺途径即桡动脉组134例,经股动脉穿刺途径即股动脉组427例。分析和比较两组靶血管病变特征、介入治疗成功率、疗效和并发症,并随访术后1月内主要心血管事件的发生率。结果桡动脉组男性患者和吸烟者所占的比例明显高于股动脉组(P<0.01)。桡动脉组PCI成功率为93.3%,与股动脉组(94.8%)相比差异无统计学意义。而桡动脉组病变血管的血运重建率为81.8%,低于股动脉组(93.4%),P<0.01。而且桡动脉组成功PCI者中慢性闭塞病变所占的比例(9.5%)也明显低于股动脉组(17.3%),P<0.05。但桡动脉组术后与穿刺有关的总的并发症发生率明显低于股动脉组,且术后平均卧床时间也明显短于股动脉组(P<0.01)。术后1个月期间主要心血管事件两组之间无明显差异。结论与经股动脉穿刺相比,经桡动脉穿刺冠状动脉造影后即刻行介入治疗的成功率和近期临床疗效基本相同,但术后与穿刺有关的并发症较少。对于复杂病变选择经股动脉PCI可能优于经桡动脉途径。     

脑血管造影术后不同护理方法的临床效果研究

目的：探讨脑血管造影术后的护理方法。方法：将160例经股动脉穿刺脑血管造影的患者随机抽分为观察组和对照组各80例。两组患者均用弹力绷带压迫加沙袋压迫止血,观察组术后采用沙袋压迫穿刺局部4 h,4 h后可采取多种体位休息,患侧下肢可左右移动,小腿可曲伸,12 h后拆除绷带;对照组术后常规沙袋压迫穿刺局部6 h,患肢制动12 h、静卧24 h,24 h后拆除绷带。观察并比较两组患者并发症发生率。结果：两组患者术后血管并发症发生率无统计学差异（P〉0.05）,但观察组不适症状发生率低于对照组（P〈0.05）。结论：脑血管造影术后采用沙袋压迫局部4 h,4 h后可采取多种体位休息,患侧下肢可左右移动,小腿可曲伸,12 h后拆除绷带,之后0.5 h可床上活动,2 h可缓慢下地活动是完全安全可靠的。     

两种路径行冠状动脉造影术后患者舒适度和局部并发症的对比

目的了解经股动脉无肝素化和经桡动脉小剂量肝素行冠状动脉造影(简称CAG)术后,患者舒适度以及血管穿刺局部并发症的发生情况。方法采用便利取样法选取经股动脉行无肝素化CAG患者217例(股动脉组),经桡动脉行小剂量肝素CAG患者198例(桡动脉组),对两组患者血管穿刺成功率、术后穿刺局部疼痛、术肢肿胀不适、血管穿刺局部并发症进行观察比较。结果股动脉组血管穿刺成功率较桡动脉组高,股动脉组术后穿刺局部出血、血肿、疼痛、术肢肿胀不适感的发生率低于桡动脉组,两组各项比较差异均有统计学意义,P<0.001;两组术后排尿方式比较P>0.05,差异无统计学意义。结论经股动脉行无肝素化CAG穿刺成功率高,术后血管穿刺部位并发症发生率低,患者的舒适度明显改善。     

经桡动脉穿刺脑血管造影254例临床分析

目的观察经桡动脉穿刺行脑血管造影术的安全性和可行性。方法254例患者经右侧桡动脉穿刺置管,应用5FSimmons2型导管行脑血管造影。结果右侧桡动脉穿刺成功248例（97．6％）,5FSimmons2型导管显示右侧锁骨下动脉、椎动脉、颈动脉及其分支造影成功率均为100．0％（248／248）,左侧锁骨下动脉、颈动脉及其分支造影成功率为99．6％（247／248）,左侧椎动脉造影成功率为98．8％（245／248）。I型主动脉弓造影时间为（25．6±3．3）min,Ⅱ型为（30．4±2．8）min,[II型为（37．3±4．4）min,组间比较差异有统计学意义（P〈O．05）。术后均未发生神经系统及其他系统严重并发症,局部并发症发生率7．5％。结论经桡动脉穿刺,应用5FSimmons2型导管行脑血管造影术安全、可行。     

Transradial access for embolization of cerebral aneurysms with the woven EndoBridge device: Case series and review of the literature

BackgroundTransradial access is an increasingly utilized route for neurointerventions with benefits of lower rates of access site complications, earlier patient mobilization and increased patient satisfaction over transfemoral interventions. There is limited data on deployment of the Woven EndoBridge (WEB) via transradial access. We report a case series of consecutive patients undergoing cerebral aneurysm embolization with the WEB device via transradial biaxial access.MethodsA database of neuroendovascular procedures was queried for consecutive aneurysm embolization procedures involving the WEB device and intended via the transradial approach between August 2019 and July 2020. Patient demographics, radiological aneurysm characteristics and procedure details were recorded and statistically evaluated. Google Scholar and Pubmed were searched for previous reports of transradial WEB embolization.ResultsTen aneurysms were treated in ten patients. All aneurysms were treated with successful WEB deployment. Nine of the ten aneurysms were successfully treated via transradial biaxial access. One aneurysm required conversion to transfemoral access. There were no clinical complications and no morbidity or mortality.ConclusionsTransradial embolization of cerebral aneurysms with the WEB device is safe and feasible with low rates of access failure or complications.     

经股动脉途径Wistar大鼠选择性肝动脉插管及造影技术

目的 探讨经股动脉途径Wistar大鼠选择性肝动脉插管及造影技术,为大鼠泡状棘球蚴病肝动脉灌注治疗提供可靠的实验方法。 方法 采用雄性Wistar大鼠30只,分别切开腹部及右侧腹股沟区,在直视下行经股动脉选择性肝动脉插管及造影术。 结果 30只Wistar大鼠,26只插管成功,24只造影成功。插管和造影的成功率分别为86.67%(26/30)和80.00%(24/30)。造影图像较为满意,可见动脉期早期肝动脉增宽、纡曲,可见"抱球征",毛细血管期可见病灶呈环形染色,中央染色变淡。 结论 经股动脉途径Wistar大鼠肝动脉插管及造影技术简便易行,成功率较高,可提高大鼠泡状棘球蚴病肝动脉灌注治疗研究的可靠性与准确性。     

Vascular access complications after cardiac catheterisation: a nurse-led quality assurance program.

BACKGROUND: Vascular access complications may be a cause of discomfort, prolonged hospital stay, and impaired outcomes in patients undergoing cardiac catheterisation. AIMS: To assess vascular access complication in our patients with/without the use of closure devices as a first local benchmark for subsequent quality improvement. METHODS: A nurse-led single-centre prospective survey of all vascular access complications in consecutive patients submitted to cardiac catheterisation during 4 months. RESULTS: The radial and femoral access were used in 78 (14%) and 470 (83%), respectively, of 564 procedures, and a closure device was used in 136 of the latter. A haematoma (any size) was isolated and uneventful in 9.6% of cases. More severe complications (haemoglobin loss >2 g, need for blood transfusion or vascular repair) occurred in 1.2% of cases, namely: in none of the procedures with radial access, and in 0.4% and 2.4% of femoral diagnostic and interventional coronary procedures, respectively. During complicated (n=40) vs uncomplicated (n=172) transfemoral interventions, the activated coagulation time was 309+/-83 vs 271+/-71 s (p=0.004), but the use of closure devices was similar. CONCLUSION: Severe vascular access complications in our patients were fewer than in most reports, and virtually absent in radial procedures. Vigorous anticoagulation was associated with increased complications in our patients, but closure devices were not. A new policy including both the use of the radial access whenever possible, and a less aggressive anticoagulation regimen during transfemoral interventions will be tested.     

A Randomized Trial Assessing the Value of Ultrasound-Guided Puncture of the Femoral Artery for Interventional Investigations

Using a prospectively collected database of patients undergoing diagnostic or therapeutic angiography via transfemoral access, we sought to determine those patients who may benefit from ultrasound-guided puncture of the femoral artery. One-hundred-twelve patients with normal anticoagulation parameters were randomized in two groups. Fifty-six patients received ultrasound-guided puncture of the femoral artery, 56 patients underwent traditional palpation-guided vessel cannulation. Parameters assessed included procedure-time, number of attempts for successful puncture, intensity of the arterial pulse, previous ipsilateral punctures, history and risk factors of arteriosclerosis and leg circumference at the site of puncture. The data was analyzed by using outcome measures according to evidence-based medicine criteria. Only in patients with weak arterial pulse and thoses with a leg circumference of 60 cm or greater ultrasound guidance significantly decreased the number of attempts needed as well as the time for successful arterial puncture. In both patient subgroups, the number needed to treat (NNT) was 2, the absolute benefit increase (ABI) was 50 and 57%, respectively. In contrast, time for vessel cannulation was increased in patients with strong arterial pulse using ultrasound guidance. No significant differences were found with respect to diminished complications neither comparing both patient groups nor comparing risk subgroups. In conclusion ultrasound guidance for femoral artery access is recommended only in patients with a weak or absent arterial pulse and obese patients.     

经桡动脉冠状动脉造影120例分析

目的 探讨经桡动脉冠脉造影术的临床应用价值。方法 120例病人术前均接受Allen＇s试验检查,选择右侧桡动脉作为穿刺插管的部位,依个人习惯我们使用5F桡动脉造影导管。结果 造影成功113例,成功率为94．2％,7例失败（为血管严重痉挛而无法进入导管）,局部血肿3例（2．5％）,2例（1．7％）术后发生桡动脉闭塞,无出血、夹层等血管并发症发生。结论 经桡动脉行冠脉造影与经股动脉同样安全、可行,经桡动脉的穿刺局部并发症少,病人更乐意接受。     

比较血管闭合装置与人工压迫止血在股动脉穿刺止血中的作

目的 探讨经股动脉血管造影和血管腔内治疗后运用三种血管闭合装置进行止血的安全性和有效性,并与传统人工压迫止血进行比较.方法 2010 年2 月～2011 年3 月,495 例患者接受了经股动脉血管造影和血管腔内治疗.其中男274 例,女221 例,平均年龄65.7±11.4 岁.根据拔鞘后止血方法,患者分为4 组.人工压迫止血组386 例,Angio-Seal 封堵器组21 例,Proglide 缝合器组45 例,Starclose 闭合器组43 例.观察记录各组止血、制动时间及术后并发症,比较各组的特点.结果 血管闭合器组平均压迫时间（3.4±0.7 min）及制动时间（2 h）均较人工压迫组平均压迫时间（16.2±1.8min）及制动时间（8 h）有显著缩短（P ＜ 0.01）,而术后各类并发症无明显增加.三类血管闭合装置的止血时间、技术成功率及术后并发症无显著性统计学差异（P ＞ 0.05）.3 例10F 以上血管鞘通过2 把Proglide血管缝合器完成皮下穿刺点缝合.结论 运用血管闭合装置可有效减少止血和制动时间,其术后并发症较人工压迫无明显增加.另外运用多把Proglide 可完成对≥10F 血管鞘的闭合止血.由于三种血管闭合装置在操作方法、适应范围上各具特点,可针对不同患者的血管特点及血管鞘直径,合理选择各类血管闭合装置.     

经股动脉冠状动脉介入手术局部血管并发症的护理

目的 探讨经股动脉冠状动脉介入手术局部血管并发症的针对性观察与护理的临床效果.方法 对1 812例经股动脉冠脉介入手术的患者采取针对性观察与护理.术前进行出血危险评估,术后根据时间设定观察频次,并采用平卧位、一看二摸三问四监测的观察方法.结果 护士主动观察病情,其局部出血发现率为84%,无造成严重局部并发症.结论 护士应在掌握易发出血因素的基础上对穿刺部位密切关注,并进行全面有效的护理观察,对于及时发现出血、及时正确处理,保障手术的成功起重要作用.     

Predictors of radial to femoral artery crossover during primary percutaneous coronary intervention in ST-elevation myocardial infarction: A systematic review and meta-analysis

BackgroundIn contrast to traditional femoral artery access, radial artery access for primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI) in ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) is associated with reduced mortality and bleeding but has higher crossover rates. Therefore, factors associated with crossover warrant exploration as crossover due to technical challenges associated with the radial route may be mitigated.ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to identify predictors of radial access failure or crossover to femoral access in PPCI.MethodsA systematic review and meta-analysis was undertaken according to the Joanna Briggs Institute Systematic Reviews Checklist with searches conducted in Medline, EMBASE, CINAHL, and SCOPUS databases. Inclusion criteria for this study included patients with STEMI; PPCI; and primary research identifying predictors of radial access failures and/or crossovers, published in English, and after 2010. This study was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42020167122). Statistical analysis was performed using IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows version 26.0 (IBM Corp, Armonk, NY) and RevMan version 5.4 (Cochrane Collaboration, London, United Kingdom) with meta-analysis conducted by using the DerSimonian and Laird random-effects method. The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Quality Assessment Tool for Observational Cohort and Cross-Sectional Studies was utilised for quality and risk of bias assessment, with EndNote software used for citations.ResultsEight observational studies met inclusion criteria, comprising 12,621 patients. Risk of bias of these studies was assessed using the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Quality Assessment Tool for Observational Cohort and Cross-Sectional Studies. The mean age was 61.2 ± 12.0 years, and 75.3% were male. Crossover from transradial to transfemoral artery occurred in 529 (4.2%) patients. Reasons for radial access failure included failed puncture (35.3%), peripheral occlusion or tortuosity (24.5%), and radial artery spasm (20.1%). Predictors of crossover included older age (odds ratio [OR], 1.95; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.44–2.65; p < 0.001), female sex (OR, 2.10; 95% Cl, 1.58–2.80; p < 0.001), weight ≤65 kg (OR, 2.95; 95% CI, 1.95–4.46; p < 0.001), and previous percutaneous coronary intervention (OR, 2.80; 95% Cl, 1.74–4.52; p < 0.001).ConclusionOlder age, female sex, weight ≤65 kg, and previous percutaneous coronary intervention were predictors of crossover or failure from the radial to femoral artery. As these predictors are known to be associated with high bleeding and mortality, they should not preclude attempting a radial-first approach in all patients with STEMI. However, as these results were unadjusted, this study warrants further research to thoroughly investigate predictors of radial artery crossover.     

Transradial access versus transfemoral access: a comparison of outcomes and efficacy in reducing hemorrhagic events

Introduction: The radial artery is currently the most widely used access site for PCI procedures both acute and stable patient settings. Thanks to advantages in pharmacological therapy as well as in interventional devices, the rate of ischemic complications following PCI has significantly decreased. Nevertheless, this has been counterbalanced by an increased risk of periprocedural and late bleeding event, that can occur both at access and non-access sites. Choice of access site for PCI is of paramount importance to reduce the risk of access-related bleeding events.

Areas covered: The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the actual available evidence comparing the transradial versus transfemoral approach to reduce hemorrhagic events.

The most robust evidence comes from large randomized trials, partly also from observational registries, which compared the transradial and transfemoral approach.

Expert opinion: Results show that radial access has proved to be decisive in reducing the incidence of hemorrhagic events. Furthermore, it showed a significant reduction in mortality and AKI compared to transfemoral access. However, increased experience in the use of the radial approach has led to less practice in the use of the femoral approach, which may be useful in cases of emergency, complications or inability to use the radial artery.     

经股动脉穿刺行全脑血管造影术后患者穿刺点去除沙袋“十字”加压包扎止血的效果

目的探讨经股动脉行全脑血管造影术后患者穿刺点去除沙袋"十字"加压包扎止血的效果。方法便利抽样法选择2014年1月至2015年3月南京大学医学院附属鼓楼医院神经内科收治的经股动脉穿刺行全脑血管造影术患者153例为研究对象,按入院先后将其分为观察组(78例)和对照组(75例),两组患者术后均严格按照股动脉穿刺点护理要求"十字"加压包扎,对照组患者加用沙袋压迫,观察并比较两组患者术后穿刺点发生皮下血肿及出血的情况。结果观察组和对照组患者术后均无局部皮下血肿发生,两组各有1例患者出现穿刺点出血,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论经股动脉行全脑血管造影术后患者穿刺点去除沙袋"十字"加压包扎,止血效果较好,且有利于提高患者的舒适度。     

经股动脉介入术后不同包扎止血方法的比较研究

目的 评价改良的敷料绷带加压包扎方法处理经股动脉介入术后股动脉穿刺点的安全性及优越性。方法 将648例经股动脉介入诊疗患者随机分为改良组224例、传统组21 3例和止血器组211例,3组分别采用改良的敷料绷带加压包扎法、传统的压迫止血加压包扎法和动脉压迫止血器止血法。观察3组的徒手压迫时间、止血费用、制动时间及并发症的发生情况。结果 3组在制动时间及局部血管并发症的发生率方面比较无显著差异;改良组和止血器组较传统组减少了徒手压迫时间,传统组和改良组较止血器组降低了患者的止血费用。结论 改良的敷料绷带加压包扎方法减少了徒手压迫时间,同时降低了患者的止血费用,值得临床推广。     

Distal radial artery (snuffbox) access for carotid artery stenting – Technical pearls and procedural set-up

PurposeTo report use of distal radial artery (dRA) access for carotid artery stenting (CAS) and to discuss procedural setup and technical considerations for a successful intervention.MethodsA retrospective review of our prospective neurointerventional database of CAS was conducted between May 2019 and March 2020. All CAS cases via dRA in the anatomical snuffbox were identified. Patient demographics, clinical information, procedural and radiographic data was collected.Results22 CAS procedures in 20 patients via dRA were identified. Patients’ mean age was 69.4 years (range 53–87 years). 3 patients were female. Mean radial artery diameter was 2.1 mm (range 1.6–2.8 mm). dRA access was achieved in all cases. Conversion to femoral access was required in 2 cases (9.1%) due to persistent radial artery vasospasm resulting in patient discomfort despite multiple additional doses of intraarterial vasodilators and added intravenous sedation as well as tortuous vessel anatomy and limited support of the catheters in a type 3 aortic arch for left CAS.ConclusionOur preliminary experience with dRA access for CAS suggests this approach to be feasible and safe for patients. Technical considerations are important and preprocedural planning is necessary for a successful intervention. Catheter systems and devices specifically designed for radial access are needed to enable more interventionalists to safely perform neurointerventional procedures via wrist access.     

经桡动脉行冠状动脉介入治疗的临床分析

目的 探讨经桡动脉行冠状动脉介入治疗的效果.方法 回顾性分析我院189例经桡动脉介入治疗患者的临床资料.结果 189例患者均经桡动脉入路进行穿刺置管,成功176例(93.12%).13例因桡动脉严重痉挛经注射硝酸甘油、利多卡因、维拉帕米仍无法送管而改为股动脉入路完成介入治疗.桡动脉狭窄3例,术后除10例发生局部手臂肿胀、6例因桡动脉压迫器压迫出现水泡外,无急性冠状动脉闭塞、动静脉瘘、上肢缺血、手神经损伤、大出血等并发症发生.结论 经皮桡动脉穿刺行冠状动脉造影术及介入治疗,成功率高,并发症少,值得在临床推广应用.

Abstract：

Objective To observe the clinical effect of transradial approach for coronary intervention. Methods The clinical data of 189 patients accepted transradial coronary intervention were analyzed retrospectively. Results Transradial catheterizations were performed in 189 patients, while 176 cases had satisfying result, the success rate was 93. 12%. Thirteen patients had severe spasticity in radial artery, which could not be released from injection of nitroglycerin, lidocaine, verapamil, alternatively they accepted transfemoral artery coronary intervention. After the operation 3 cases had radial artery stricture, 10 cases had local ann swelling,6 cases had blisters from the device oppression. No acute coronary occlusion, arteriovenous fistula, upper limb ischemia, hand nerve damage, bleeding or other complications were observed in the cases enrolled. Conclusion The transradial approach for coronary angiography and intervention showed high success rate, few complication, indicating good clinical application promise.