2型糖尿病并发痛性糖尿病神经病变的影响因素研究

背景　痛性糖尿病神经病变（PDN）是糖尿病常见的并发症之一,但常被忽略或误诊,如果对糖尿病并发疼痛的危险因素缺乏认知,则易造成延误治疗。目的　探究2型糖尿病（T2DM）并发PDN的影响因素,为临床早期干预、积极预防提供对策。方法　选取2016年1月-2019年12月于安庆市立医院内分泌科住院的符合研究标准的T2DM患者273例,根据其有无PDN分为单纯糖尿病组（NPDN组,n=185）及T2DM并发PDN组（PDN组,n=88）。比较两组患者一般资料及实验室检查指标,采用多因素非条件Logistic回归分析探究T2DM并发PDN的影响因素。结果　PDN组患者年龄大于NPDN组,T2DM病程长于NPDN组,体质指数（BMI）、糖尿病视网膜病变（DR）发生率、糖尿病肾病（DKD）发生率、空腹血糖（FPG）、餐后2 h血糖（2 hPG）、糖化血红蛋白（HbA1c）高于NPDN组,餐后1 hC肽（1 hCP）、餐后2 hC肽（2 hCP）低于NPDN组（P<0.05）。多因素非条件Logistic回归分析结果显示,T2DM病程〔OR=1.079,95%CI（1.003,1.160）〕、DR〔OR=7.524,95%CI（1.363,41.541）〕、DKD〔OR=3.547,95%CI（1.134,11.095）〕、FPG〔OR=1.831,95%CI（1.384,2.422）〕、HbA1c〔OR=2.468,95%CI（1.694,3.596）〕是T2DM并发PDN的影响因素（P<0.05）。结论　T2DM病程、DR、DKD、FPG、HbA1c是T2DM并发PDN的影响因素,临床应注意积极预防、早期干预存在上述影响因素的T2DM患者。     

系统免疫炎症指数对社区老年2型糖尿病患者并发糖尿病肾病的临床诊断价值研究

背景 糖尿病肾病（DKD）是糖尿病常见并发症,以损伤肾脏微血管为主要特征,其早期诊断、积极防治是改善预后的关键。血液炎性指标可能与DKD存在相关性。 目的 探究系统免疫炎症指数（SII）对社区老年2型糖尿病（T2DM）患者并发DKD的诊断价值。 方法 回顾性分析2021年1—12月于首都医科大学附属北京朝阳医院西区社区医疗部常规体检的老年T2DM患者327例为研究对象。根据是否并发DKD将327例T2DM患者分为非DKD组（n=112）和DKD组（n=215）。收集两组患者的一般资料及实验室检查资料并进行比较。采用Pearson相关分析及Spearman秩相关分析探讨老年T2DM患者尿白蛋白/肌酐比值（UACR）与各指标的相关性;采用多因素Logistic回归分析探讨老年T2DM患者并发DKD的影响因素;采用受试者工作特征曲线（ROC曲线）评估中性粒细胞/淋巴细胞比值（NLR）、血小板/淋巴细胞比值（PLR）、SII对社区老年T2DM患者并发DKD的诊断价值,并计算ROC曲线下面积（AUC）及其95%CI。 结果 DKD组患者的T2DM病程长于非DKD组,高血压病史比例、空腹葡萄糖（FPG）、低密度脂蛋白（LDL）、尿素氮（BUN）、血肌酐（Scr）、UACR、中性粒细胞计数、血小板计数、NLR、PLR、SII水平高于非DKD组（P<0.05）。相关性分析结果显示,老年T2DM患者UACR与T2DM病程、FPG、三酰甘油（TG）、LDL、中性粒细胞、血小板、NLR、PLR、SII呈正相关（r=0.716、0.114、0.113、0.144、0.533、0.226、0.538、0.430、0.494,P<0.05）。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,T2DM病程〔OR=1.300,95%CI（1.173,1.441）,P<0.001〕、LDL〔OR=2.565,95%CI（1.320,4.985）,P=0.005〕、Scr〔OR=1.093,95%CI（1.046,1.143）,P<0.001〕、NLR〔OR=2.565,95%CI（1.320,4.985）,P=0.005〕和SII〔OR=1.011,95%CI（1.007,1.015）,P<0.001〕均是老年T2DM患者并发DKD的影响因素。NLR诊断老年T2DM患者并发DKD的AUC为0.755〔95%CI（0.696,0.814）〕,最佳截断值为2.49,灵敏度和特异度分别为72.1%、70.5%;PLR诊断老年T2DM患者并发DKD的AUC为0.689〔95%CI（0.624,0.754）〕,最佳截断值为112.81,灵敏度和特异度分别为90.2%、43.8%;SII诊断老年T2DM患者并发DKD的AUC为0.836〔95%CI（0.791,0.881）〕,最佳截断值为492.08,灵敏度和特异度分别为80.5%、73.2%。 结论 T2DM病程、LDL、Scr、NLR、SII可能是老年T2DM患者并发DKD的影响因素;SII对社区老年T2DM患者并发DKD具有较高的临床诊断价值。     

葡萄糖在目标范围内时间与糖尿病肾脏疾病的相关性研究

背景 葡萄糖在目标范围内时间（TIR）是近年兴起的糖尿病血糖管理的新指标。研究证实TIR与糖尿病慢性并发症存在密切联系。目前对TIR与糖尿病肾脏疾病（DKD）的研究主要集中在蛋白尿方面,常忽视了估算肾小球滤过率（eGFR）在其中的作用,且对TIR评价血糖控制的切点划分的研究较少。 目的 探讨TIR与2型糖尿病（T2DM）发生DKD的关系,为临床及时发现、诊治T2DM患者出现DKD提供理论依据。 方法 纳入2021年7—12月在上海交通大学医学院附属新华医院内分泌科住院的214例T2DM患者,收集患者一般资料、实验室检查指标及用药情况。根据尿白蛋白/肌酐比值（UACR）和eGFR结果,将患者分为DKD组〔UACR≥30 mg/g和/或eGFR<60 ml·min-1（1.73 m2）-1,n=58〕和单纯T2DM组〔UACR<30 mg/g和eGFR≥60 ml·min-1（1.73 m2）-1,n=156〕;采用TIR值40%、70%、85%作为切点将患者分为TIR1组（TIR>85%,n=90）、TIR2组（70%相似文献   

2型糖尿病患者25-羟维生素D水平与糖尿病肾病关系的研究

目的 探讨2 型糖尿病患者（T2DM）中25-羟维生素D[25（OH）D]水平与糖尿病肾病（DKD）的相关性。方法 选取2017 年1 月～2018 年12 月于我院内分泌科住院T2DM 患者432 例,根据尿白蛋白/尿肌酐比值（UACR）定义蛋白尿水平,分为正常蛋白尿组（UACR＜30 mg/g）、微量蛋白尿组（30 mg/g≤UACR＜300 mg/g）和大量蛋白尿组（UACR≥300 mg/g）,分析25（OH）D 与UACR 的关系。结果 正常蛋白尿组、微量蛋白尿组和大量蛋白尿组的25（OH）D 水平存在显著性差异,呈下降趋势。Pearson 相关性研究性显示25（OH）D 水平与患者UACR、年龄、收缩压（SBP）呈显著负相关,与高密度脂蛋白（HDL－C）、血钙（SCa）呈显著正相关。Logistic 回归分析显示,25（OH）D 不足组的蛋白尿发生风险较25（OH）D 正常组增加57%[OR 值1.57,95%CI（1.29～2.11）,P＝0.002],25（OH）D 缺乏组的蛋白尿发生风险较25（OH）D 正常组增加99%[OR 值1.99,95%CI（1.18～2.32）,P＝0.004];同时,糖尿病病程、糖化血红蛋白（HbA1c）、收缩压（SBP）、血尿酸（SUA）是T2DM 患者蛋白尿发生的影响因素。结论 血清25（OH）D 与T2DM 患者的蛋白尿发生相关,可能是其保护因素。     

三酰甘油葡萄糖乘积指数与2型糖尿病患者白蛋白尿的相关性研究

背景　三酰甘油葡萄糖乘积（TyG）指数是一种评估胰岛素抵抗的简易指标,前期研究表明TyG指数升高增加了糖尿病、冠心病等疾病的患病风险,但其与2型糖尿病（T2DM）患者发生白蛋白尿的关系尚未明确。目的　探究TyG指数与T2DM患者发生白蛋白尿的相关性。方法　回顾性选取2012年2月-2019年11月于江苏大学附属医院内分泌代谢科就诊并建立档案的T2DM患者524例,记录其临床资料及相关实验室检查指标水平,并计算TyG指数。根据TyG指数,采用三分位数将患者分为低TyG（L-TyG）组（TyG<9.16,n=175）,中TyG（M-TyG）组（9.16≤TyG<9.68,n=175）和高TyG（H-TyG）组（TyG≥9.68,n=174）。并根据尿白蛋白/肌酐比值（UACR）将患者分为正常白蛋白尿组（UACR<30 mg/g,n=267）、微量白蛋白尿组（30 mg/g≤UACR<300 mg/g,n=207）和大量白蛋白尿组（UACR≥300 mg/g,n=50）。采用多元线性回归分析TyG指数与UACR的相关性;采用多因素Logistic回归分析TyG指数与T2DM患者发生白蛋白尿的关系;绘制受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线评估TyG指数对T2DM患者发生白蛋白尿的预测价值。结果　相关性分析结果显示,T2DM患者TyG指数与T2DM病程、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）呈负相关（P<0.05）,与体质指数（BMI）、稳态模型评估胰岛素抵抗指数（lgHOMA-IR）、糖化血红蛋白（HbA1c）、尿素氮（BUN）、总胆固醇（TC）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）、血尿酸（SUA）、估算肾小球滤过率（eGFR）、lgUACR呈正相关（P<0.05）。多元线性回归分析结果显示,TyG指数与lgUACR独立相关〔β=0.443,95%CI（0.373,0.513）,P<0.001〕。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,T2DM病程长〔OR=1.003,95%CI（1.001,1.006）〕,合并高血压〔OR=2.540,95%CI（1.652,3.813）〕,HbA1c〔OR=1.194,95%CI（1.079,1.322）〕、TyG指数〔OR=6.184,95%CI（3.987,9.593）〕升高,HDL-C下降〔OR=0.446,95%CI（0.224,0.886）〕是T2DM患者发生白蛋白尿的危险因素（P<0.05）。TyG指数预测T2DM患者发生白蛋白尿的ROC曲线下面积为0.834〔95%CI（0.799,0.865）〕,均大于lgHOMA-IR、空腹血糖（FPG）、三酰甘油（TG）（P<0.001）。TyG指数为9.57时,其约登指数最大为0.53,灵敏度为66.1%,特异度为87.3%。结论　TyG指数升高是T2DM患者发生白蛋白尿的危险因素,其有望成为预测糖尿病肾脏疾病风险的新型且简单实用的生物学指标。     

2型糖尿病患者血清癌胚抗原水平变化及其影响因素分析

目的观察2型糖尿病患者血清癌胚抗原(carcinoembryonic antigen, CEA)水平变化及其影响因素。方法选取2018年1月—2020年12月在上海交通大学医学院附属新华医院内分泌科住院的40~70岁2型糖尿病(type 2 diabetes mellitus, T2DM)患者共952例作为研究对象,将来自新华医院体检中心的年龄与性别匹配的471例非糖尿病人群(non-type 2 diabetes mellitus, Non-T2DM)作为对照组,比较两组人群血清CEA水平的差异性,分析年龄、血压（blood pressure, BP）、糖化血红蛋白(glycated hemoglobin A1c, HbA1c)、空腹血糖(fasting blood glucose, FBG)、餐后2h血糖(2h postprandial blood glucose, 2h-PG)、空腹C肽(fasting C-peptide, FC-p)、餐后2h C 肽(2h postprandial C-peptide, 2h C-p)、胰岛素抵抗指数(homeostasis model assessment, HOMA-IR)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（high density lipoprotein-cholesterol, HDL-C）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（low density lipoprotein-cholesterol, LDL-C）、总胆固醇（total cholesterol, TC）、三酰甘油（triglyceride, TG）、体质量指数(body mass index, BMI)及糖尿病病程与血清CEA的相关性,探讨无恶性肿瘤的T2DM患者血清CEA水平的影响因素。结果T2DM患者血清CEA异常者约占11%,Non-T2DM组血清CEA异常者约占4%,T2DM患者组血清CEA水平明显高于Non-T2DM组[2.62(1.82,3.83) vs 2.14(1.51,2.96)ng/mL,P<0.001],逐步回归分析显示血清CEA与年龄、HbA1c、FBG、2h-PG独立正相关,二元logistic回归分析显示校正多种混杂因素后,HbA1c、FBG、2h-PG是血清CEA升高的独立危险因素,校正后的OR值和95%CI分别为HbA1c： OR=1.338,95%CI(1.198~1.495), FBG： OR=1.102, 95%CI(1.016~1.195), 2h-PG： OR=1.065, 95%CI(1.009~1.123)。二元Logistic回归显示将HbA1c≤7%时血清CEA水平作为参考,当8%≤HbA1c＜9%时,血清CEA升高的风险是参考的3.459倍（95%CI： 1.373~8.713）。当HbA1c≥9%时,其OR值是5.084（95%CI： 2.230~11.589）。结论2型糖尿病患者血清CEA水平明显升高,年龄、HbA1c、FBG、2h-PG是其独立危险因素,HbA1c对CEA的影响最大,提示血糖控制越差,血清CEA水平越高,当HbA1c≥8%时,T2DM患者血清CEA升高的风险明显增加。     

2型糖尿病患者发生颈动脉粥样硬化与增殖期糖尿病视网膜病变的相关性研究

背景 血糖控制不佳的糖尿病患者发生糖尿病视网膜病变（DR）与颈动脉粥样硬化（CAS）的风险均增加,而CAS是冠心病、脑卒中的危险因素,了解DR与CAS之间的关系可以为改善糖尿病并发症提供新的临床决策方案。 目的 探讨病程长且血糖控制不佳的2型糖尿病（T2DM）患者发生CAS与增殖期糖尿病视网膜病变（PDR）的相关性。 方法 本研究为回顾性病例对照研究,分析2014年10月至2015年11月在首都医科大学附属北京同仁医院内分泌科连续住院的T2DM患者〔糖化血红蛋白（HbA1c）≥7.5%,估算肾小球滤过率（eGFR）≥60 ml·min-1·（1.73 m2）-1,糖尿病病程≥10年〕158例,根据视网膜病变情况将患者分为无DR（NDR）组（n=105）和PDR组（n=53）;根据CAS严重程度将患者分为颈动脉正常组（n=48）和CAS组（n=110）。记录患者的临床特征及实验室检查指标。 结果 NDR组收缩压（SBP）、尿微量白蛋白排泄率（UAER）低于PDR组,静息心率（HR）慢于PDR组,eGFR高于PDR组（P<0.05）。颈动脉正常组年龄、高血压病史所占比例、冠心病病史所占比例、脂蛋白a、PDR发生率低于CAS组（P<0.05）。NDR组CAS发生率为61.9%（65/105）,低于PDR组的84.9%（45/53）（P=0.012）。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,高龄〔OR=1.194,95%CI（1.040,1.372）〕、既往有高血压病史〔OR=2.690,95%CI（1.206,6.000）〕、脂蛋白a水平升高〔OR=1.079,95%CI（1.038,1.122）〕、PDR〔OR=2.990,95%CI（1.127,7.934）〕是T2DM患者发生CAS的危险因素（P<0.05）。 结论 合并PDR的病程长且血糖控制不佳的T2DM患者发生CAS的比例较高。     

糖尿病视网膜病变危险因素分析

目的：探索糖尿病视网膜病（DR）的主要危险因素。方法：在2018年7月至10月间采用方便抽样方法选取乐清市象阳社区2型糖尿病（DM）人群,由专业调查人员严格按照具体标准操作规程进行,包括面对面访谈、常规实验室检查和眼科检查。使用多元logistic回归分析筛选DR潜在的危险因素。结果：406例2型DM患者纳入本研究,其中177例（占43.6%）患者被诊断为DR（轻度DR为107例,中度DR为57例,重度DR为13例）。与无DR的患者相比,DM病程为5～9年的受检者DR的概率显著增加8%[OR=1.08,95%CI=0.69～1.67,P=0.008]。同时,HbA1c≥6.5%的患者与HbA1c＜6.5%的患者相比,发生DR的概率增加了16%（OR=1.16,95%CI=0.65～2.06,P=0.002）。结论：2型DM患者应进行DR筛查,尤其是DM病程在5年以上且HbA1c异常者。     

2型糖尿病周围神经病变风险的列线图预测模型研究

背景2型糖尿病周围神经病变（DPN）患病率高、危害性大,目前尚无有效的治疗方法。目的探讨DPN的危险因素,旨在建立并验证一种辅助临床预测DPN患者的可视化评价工具。方法收集2010—2019年在新疆医科大学第一附属医院就诊的15 020例2型糖尿病（T2DM）患者,按照3∶1的比例将患者随机分为训练组（n =11 265）和验证组（n=3 755）。收集患者的一般资料和生化资料。通过Lasso回归分析筛选独立预测因子,在此基础上利用多因素Logistic回归分析进一步探讨并建立列线图预测模型,并由验证组评估DPN列线图预测模型的可行性。最后,分别采用受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线下面积（AUC）、校正曲线和决策曲线分析（DCA）对预测模型的鉴别能力、准确性和临床实用性进行评估。结果15 020例T2DM患者中,无DPN患者8 887例,DPN患者6 133例。Lasso回归结合多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,年龄〔OR=1.034,95%CI（1.031,1.039）〕、糖尿病视网膜病变（DR）〔OR=11.881,95%CI（10.756,13.135）〕、糖尿病病程〔OR=1.070,95%CI（1.061,1.078）〕、糖化血红蛋白（HbA1c）〔OR=1.237,95%CI（1.209,1.266）〕、高密度脂蛋白（HDL）〔OR=0.894,95%CI（0.877,0.901）〕是T2DM患者发生DPN的影响因素（P<0.05）。利用上述变量建立列线图预测模型。训练组中列线图预测模型预测DPN发生的AUC为0.858〔95%CI（0.851,0.865）〕,验证组中列线图预测模型预测DPN发生的AUC为0.852〔95%CI（0.840,0.865）〕。Hosmer-Lemeshow拟合优度检验显示出较好的拟合度（P>0.05）。DCA显示当患者的阈值概率为0~0.9,使用列线图预测模型预测DPN风险的净收益更高。结论本研究成功建立并验证一种高精度的列线图预测模型（预测变量包括年龄、DR、糖尿病病程、HbA1c、HDL）,有助于提高DPN高危患者的早期识别和筛选能力。     

2型糖尿病患者心脏代谢指数与非酒精性脂肪性肝病的关系研究

省预防医学科研课题（Y2018109）;镇江市社会发展重点研发计划项目（SH2019041）;镇江市第五期“169工程”科研项目 背景　近年来2型糖尿病（T2DM）及非酒精性脂肪性肝病（NAFLD）的发生率逐年升高,已经成为严重的公共卫生问题,多项指南提出T2DM患者NAFLD的筛查应得到充分重视,但临床及基层操作困难。目的　探讨T2DM患者心脏代谢指数（CMI）与NAFLD的关系。方法　选取2018年5月-2020年3月于江苏大学附属医院就诊的T2DM患者501例,依据超声检查结果分为NAFLD组336例以及非NAFLD组（non-NAFLD组）165例。收集研究对象的临床资料,依据CMI三分位数法将患者分为T1组（CMI<0.765）、T2组（CMI 0.765~1.375）、T3组（CMI>1.375）,每组167例。比较NAFLD组和non-NAFLD组患者临床资料,T1组、T2组、T3组患者NAFLD发生率;分析CMI与其余临床指标的相关性,探究T2DM患者发生NAFLD的影响因素及CMI对T2DM患者发生NAFLD的预测价值。结果　NAFLD组患者年龄低于non-NAFLD组,T2DM病程短于non-NAFLD组,有高血压病史者所占比例、舒张压（DBP）、体质指数（BMI）、内脏脂肪面积（VFA）、皮下脂肪面积（SFA）、内脏与皮下脂肪面积比值（VSR）、丙氨酸氨基转移酶（ALT）、天冬氨酸氨基转移酶（AST）、三酰甘油（TG）、总胆固醇（TC）、谷氨酰转肽酶（GGT）、尿酸（UA）、空腹C肽（FC-P）、空腹胰岛素（FINS）、稳态模型评估胰岛素抵抗指数（HOMA-IR）、CMI高于non-NAFLD组,高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）低于non-NAFLD组（P<0.05）。T2组、T3组患者NAFLD发生率高于T1组（P<0.05）;T3组患者NAFLD发生率高于T2组（P<0.05）。CMI与DBP、BMI、VFA、SFA、VSR、ALT、AST、TC、GGT、UA、空腹血糖（FPG）、FC-P、FINS、HOMA-IR呈正相关（P<0.05）,与年龄、T2DM病程呈负相关（P<0.05）。二分类Logistic回归分析结果显示,T2DM病程〔OR=0.996,95%CI（0.994,0.999）〕、BMI〔OR=1.400,95%CI（1.264,1.551）〕、FC-P〔OR=1.959,95%CI（1.442,2.661）〕、CMI〔OR=2.053,95%CI（1.422,2.964）〕是T2DM患者发生NAFLD的影响因素（P<0.05）。CMI预测T2DM患者发生NAFLD的受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线下面积为0.738〔95%CI（0.691,0.784）,P<0.01〕,最佳截断值为0.692,灵敏度、特异度分别为83.6%、51.5%。采用二分类Logistic回归分析对CMI联合BMI进行拟合,拟合方程Log（P）=-9.103+0.938×CMI+0.358×BMI,CMI联合BMI预测T2DM患者发生NAFLD的ROC曲线下面积为0.816〔95%CI（0.776,0.856）,P<0.01〕,灵敏度、特异度分别为84.2%、64.8%。结论　CMI是T2DM患者发生NAFLD的影响因素,且CMI联合BMI对NAFLD具有良好的预测价值,CMI有望成为T2DM患者NAFLD发生风险的预测指标。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.