足部X形AO锁定钢板治疗肱骨大结节骨折

目的 探讨足部X形AO锁定钢板治疗肱骨大结节骨折的临床疗效.方法 对2009年5月至2010年9月我院应用足部X形AO锁定钢板治疗的19例肱骨大结节骨折患者进行回顾性分析.所有病例均为闭合性损伤且骨折移位均＞5 mm,其中11例伴肩关节前脱位,受伤到手术时间为2～5 d(平均3.5 d).对骨折愈合时间、术后肩关节...     

Shoulder arthroplasty for the treatment of the sequelae of fractures of the proximal humerus

The purpose of this multicenter study was to analyze the results of shoulder arthroplasty for the treatment of the sequelae of proximal humerus fractures and establish an updated classification system and treatment guidelines for these complex situations. Seventy-one sequelae of proximal humerus fractures were treated with shoulder replacement with the use of the same nonconstrained, modular, and adaptable prosthesis: the Aequalis prosthesis (Tornier Inc, St Ismier, France). The average time between initial fracture and shoulder arthroplasty was 5 years and 5 months. On the basis of anatomic classification schemes, sequelae were divided into 4 types: type 1, humeral head collapse or necrosis with minimal tuberosity malunion (40 cases); type 2, locked dislocations or fracture-dislocations (9 cases); type 3, nonunions of the surgical neck (6 cases); and type 4, severe malunions of the tuberosities (16 cases). The mean postoperative follow-up was 19 months (range, 12 to 48 months). Overall, the postoperative Constant score was excellent in 11 cases (16%), good in 19 cases (26%), fair in 18 cases (25%), and poor in 23 cases (33%). There were 18 complications (27%). Fifty-nine of 70 patients (81%) stated that they were satisfied with the result. The most significant factor affecting functional outcome was greater tuberosity osteotomy (P <.005). Regarding both surgical treatment and postoperative prognosis, we identify 2 categories of proximal humerus fracture sequelae: category 1, intracapsular/impacted fractures sequelae (associated with both cephalic collapse or necrosis [type 1] and chronic dislocation or fracture-dislocation [type 2]), in which an articulating joint can be reconstructed without a greater tuberosity osteotomy; and category 2, extracapsular/disimpacted fractures sequelae (associated with both surgical neck nonunions [type 3] and severe tuberosity malunions [type 4]) where the proximal humerus cannot be reconstructed without a greater tuberosity osteotomy. All of the excellent and good postoperative Constant scores were obtained in type 1 and 2, in which osteotomy of the greater tuberosity was not required. All patients in type 3 and 4, who underwent a greater tuberosity osteotomy, had either fair or poor results and did not regain active elevation above 90 degrees. We conclude that a greater tuberosity osteotomy is the most likely reason for poor and unpredictable results after shoulder replacement arthroplasty for the treatment of the complex sequelae of proximal humerus fractures. Shoulder arthroplasty for the treatment of the sequelae of fractures of the proximal humerus should be performed without an osteotomy of the greater tuberosity when possible. If prosthetic replacement is possible without an osteotomy, surgeons should accept the distorted anatomy of the proximal humerus and adapt the prosthesis and their technique to the modified anatomy. A modular and adaptable prosthesis with both adjustable offsets and inclination may allow surgeons to adapt to a large number of malunions and may help to avoid the troublesome greater tuberosity osteotomy in a higher proportion of cases.     

Osteosynthese dislozierter Tuberculum-majus-Frakturen mit der Bamberger Platte

Objective

Internal fixation of displaced fractures of the greater tuberosity allowing functional aftercare.

Indications

Displaced fractures of the greater tuberosity >5 mm. Displaced fractures of the greater tuberosity >3 mm in athletes or overhead workers. Multiply fragmented fractures of the greater tuberosity.

Contraindications

Displaced 3? or 4?part fractures of the proximal humerus. Nondisplaced fractures of the greater tuberosity.

Surgical technique

Exposure of the fracture of the greater tuberosity by an anterolateral approach. Open reduction and temporary retention with a Kirschner wire or a “Kugelspieß” or reinforcement of the supraspinatus tendon and distal retention. Bending and positioning of the Bamberg plate and fixation by conventional or locking screws. Optional fixation of the rotator cuff to the plate. Exact monitoring of the implant position using the image intensifier to avoid inadequate distalization of the greater tuberosity.

Postoperative management

Arm sling (e.?g. Gilchrist) for 2 weeks. Start passive assisted exercise on postoperative day 1. Movement allowed up to the pain threshold. Physiotherapeutic treatment to prevent adhesions and capsular shrinking.

Results

In all, 10 patients with displaced fractures of the greater tuberosity underwent osteosynthesis using the Bamberg plate. After a follow-up of at least 6 months, a Constant–Murley score of 94.2  points (range 91–98 points) was achieved. The patients’ average age was 45.6 years (range 29–68 years).

     

Two-incision technique for treatment of complex proximal humerus fractures

The treatment of complex proximal humerus fractures that involve displacement of the greater tuberosity remains challenging. Good functional outcomes and decreased pain are possible with open reduction and internal fixation. Keys to a successful outcome include preservation of blood supply through decreased soft-tissue stripping, restoration of normal anatomic relationships (particularly the greater tuberosity), and stable internal fixation that allows early range of motion. To attain these goals, we advocate fixation with a fixed-angle locking proximal humerus plate using a 2-incision approach. A deltopectoral incision is used to expose the humeral shaft and head while the greater tuberosity is visualized by using a lateral incision. The fracture fragments are reduced and the plate is secured by working through these 2 incisions.     

Triceps-reflecting anconeus pedicle approach with double precontoured locking plate fixation is efficient in the treatment of orthopaedic trauma association type C distal humerus fracture

BackgroundThe purpose of this study was to determine if the triceps-reflecting anconeus pedicle (TRAP) approach combined with the precontoured locking plate can provide acceptable clinical outcomes in the treatment of comminuted distal humerus fracture.MethodsBetween August 2008 and June 2014, 48 patients with Orthopaedic Trauma Association type C (21 with C2, 27 with C3) distal humerus fractures underwent open reduction and internal fixation with orthogonal precontoured locking plate fixation using the TRAP approach. Occurrences of bony union, implant failure, posttraumatic arthrosis, and heterotopic ossification were detected with radiography. Clinical assessment included evaluation of range of motion and determination of the pain score, Mayo Elbow Performance Index (MEPI) score, and Disability of the Arm Shoulder and Hand (DASH) score.ResultsThe fractures healed within 3 months in 25 patients (53%) and within 6 months in 23 patients (47%). The 12-month assessment revealed improved elbow movement, with the mean arc of flexion-extension of 121° (range, 100°–140°), mean arc of supination-pronation of 163° (range, 150°–180°), and mean flexion contracture of 8° (range, 0°–30°). The mean MEPI score was 81 and the mean DASH score was 11.7.ConclusionsBy retaining the intact olecranon by the TRAP approach, orthopedic surgeon can get adequate surgical exposure for fracture fixation and can use olecranon as a three-dimensional template to restore the articular fragments. The promising results in this study obtain because that precise identification of the triceps muscle allowed the determination of a proper length-tension relationship for triceps reattachment. The combination of triceps tendon repair and anconeous muscle repair ensured the strength of the extensor mechanism. Therefore, the TRAP approach in combination with the usage of the precontoured locking plate can be recommended as the optimal surgical approach for the treatment of comminuted distal humerus fracture.     

Transosseous suture fixation of proximal humeral fractures

BACKGROUND: The optimal treatment of displaced fractures of the proximal part of the humerus remains controversial. We evaluated the long-term functional and radiographic results of transosseous suture fixation in a series of selected displaced fractures of the proximal part of the humerus. METHODS: Over an eleven-year period, a consecutive series of 188 patients with a specifically defined displaced fracture of the proximal part of the humerus underwent open reduction and internal fixation with transosseous sutures. Twenty patients were lost to follow-up and three died before the time of follow-up, leaving a cohort of 165 patients (ninety-four women and seventy-one men; mean age, fifty-four years) available for the study. Forty-five (27%) of the injuries were four-part fractures with valgus impaction; sixty-four (39%) were three-part fractures; and fifty-six (34%) were two-part fractures of the greater tuberosity, thirty-six (64%) of which were associated with anterior dislocation of the shoulder. All fractures were fixed with transosseous, nonabsorbable, number-5 Ethibond sutures. Associated rotator cuff tears detected in fifty-seven patients (35%) were also repaired. Over a mean follow-up period of 5.4 years, functional outcome was assessed with the Constant score. Follow-up radiographs were assessed for fracture consolidation, malunion, nonunion, heterotopic ossification, and signs of impingement, humeral head osteonecrosis, and degenerative osteoarthritis. RESULTS: All fractures, except for two three-part fractures of the greater tuberosity, united within four months. The quality of fracture reduction as seen on the first postoperative radiograph was regarded as excellent/very good in 155 patients (94%), good in seven (4%), and poor in three (2%). Malunion was present in nine patients (5%) at the time of the last follow-up; six of the nine had had good or poor initial reduction and three, excellent/very good reduction. Humeral head osteonecrosis was seen in eleven (7%) of the 165 patients; four demonstrated total and seven, partial collapse. Fifteen patients had heterotopic ossification, but none had functional impairment. Four patients had signs of impingement syndrome, and two had arthritis. At the time of the final evaluation, the mean Constant score was 91 points, and the mean Constant score as a percentage of the score for the unaffected shoulder, unadjusted for age and gender, was 94%. CONCLUSIONS: The clinical and radiographic results of this transosseous suture technique were found to be satisfactory at an average of 5.4 years postoperatively. Advantages of this technique include less surgical soft-tissue dissection, a low rate of humeral head osteonecrosis, fixation sufficient to allow early passive joint motion, and the avoidance of bulky and expensive implants.     

Locking plates in distal humerus fractures： study of 43 patients

Objective:The treatment of multifragmentary,intraarticular fractures of the distal humerus is difficult,even in young patients with bone of good quality.Small distal fragment,diminished bone mineral qu...     

肱骨近端骨折肱骨头置换假体高度的控制

目的:评估利用大结节骨折片复位的方法,确定肱骨近端骨折肱骨头置换假体高度的临床疗效。方法:回顾性研究2015年1月至2019年12月收治并获得随访的肱骨近端骨折患者,符合肱骨头置换指征19例,男7例,女12例;左侧8例,右侧11例;年龄58~84(71.5±5.8)岁;受伤至手术时间3~18(7.9±4.3) d。根据Neer分型,3部分骨折伴脱位2例,4部分骨折17例,其中伴肱骨头脱位6例,肱骨头劈裂2例。19例采用组配式肱骨头假体,在手术过程中,试复位肱骨大结节骨折块,确定肱骨大结节顶点到肱骨标记点的距离,以此距离作为假体高度的标准。术后1年采用Constant-Murley评分,美国加州大学洛杉矶分校(University of California,Los Angeles,UCLA)肩关节评分评价肩关节功能状况及患者满意度。结果:19例均获随访,时间12~58(31.9±14.2)个月。测量手术后上臂长度26~32 cm,双侧比较误差<0.5 cm。术后3个月肩关节正侧位X线片示骨折均愈合。术后1年Constant-Murley评分(80.8±8.9)分,UCLA评分(27.9±4.8)分。术后1年患者满意度89.5%(17/19)。结论:肱骨近端骨折肱骨头假体置换手术过程中,试复位肱骨大结节骨折块,确定肱骨大结节顶点到肱骨标记点的距离,以此距离确定假体高度,方法简单准确,临床效果良好。     

Intramedullary nailing of displaced four-part fractures of the proximal humerus

BackgroundIntramedullary nailing is already established technique for the treatment of two and three-part fractures of proximal humerus. The aim of the study was to prospectively evaluate the efficacy and functional outcome after treatment of four-part fractures of proximal humerus with Multiloc proximal humeral nail.Designprospective monocentric cohort study.Settingsingle level 1 traumacenter.Materials and MethodsFrom February 2011 to March 2016, 40 patients with displaced four-part proximal humeral fractures were treated with intramedullary nail inserted through anterolateral approach. Minimum one year follow up completed 35 patients and were involved into the study.ResultsAfter mean follow up period of 25.8 months 29 of 35 fractures healed. Average absolute Constant score in all 35 patients reached 57.7 points, relative side related Constants score 66.8% of contralateral extremity. Together there were 20 complications. in 6 cases (17%) developed complete avascular necrosis of the head. One deep infection was treated by implantation of antibiotic cement discs. Twelve secondary surgeries were performed, mostly for avascular necrosis development. Function and pain were significantly influenced by the quality of fracture reduction (p < 0.05) and development of complete AVN (p = 0.001). Group of 29 patients without AVN reached relative Constant score 73% of contralateral extremity.ConclusionsIntramedullary nailing can be used as possible fixation technique for the treatment of four-part fractures of proximal humerus. In experienced hands provides nailing osteosynthesis similar results as reconstruction with locking plates. Appropriate reduction of fracture fragments is the key for good functional result.Level of evidenceLevel 2b – monocentric prospective cohort study.     

A systematic review of locking plate fixation of proximal humerus fractures

Purpose

Technique for the fixation of two, three, and four part proximal humerus fractures has rapidly shifted towards the use of specially contoured proximal humerus locking plates. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the short to medium term functional results and common complications associated with the fixation of proximal humerus fractures with locking plates.

Methods

The PubMed and EMBASE databases were used to perform a systematic review of the English literature to assess the functional results and complications associated with proximal humerus locking plates. Our inclusion criteria were proximal humerus fracture due to trauma (excluding pathologic fractures), patients greater than 18 years of age, more than 15 patients in the study or subgroup of interest, at least 18 months follow-up, at least one relevant functional outcome score, and quality outcome score of at least 5/10. Studies that did not meet these criteria were excluded. All institutional, author, and journal information was concealed to minimize reviewer bias.

Results

Twelve studies including 514 patients met the inclusion criteria. At most recent follow-up patients achieved a mean Constant score of 74 and a mean DASH score of 27. The overall rate of complications was 49% including varus malunion, 33% excluding varus malunion, and reoperation rate was 14%. The most common complications included varus malunion 16%, AVN 10%, screw perforation of the humeral head into the joint 8%, subacromial impingement 6%, and infection 4%.

Discussion

Fixation of proximal humerus fractures with proximal humerus locking plates is associated with a high rate of complications and reoperation. Further study is needed to determine what technical errors and patient characteristics are risk factors for failure of this now common fixation technique.     

Benefits and harms of locking plate osteosynthesis in intraarticular (OTA Type C) fractures of the proximal humerus: a systematic review

IntroductionLocking plate osteosynthesis of proximal humeral fractures are widely recommended and used, even in complex intraarticular fracture patterns such as AO/OTA Type C fractures. We systematically reviewed clinical studies assessing the benefits and harms of osteosynthesis with angle stable plates in AO/OTA Type C fractures of the proximal humerus.MethodsWe conducted an iterative search in PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Cinahl, and PEDro in all languages from 1999 to November 2010. Eligible studies should study the outcome for Type C fractures after primary osteosynthesis with locking plate within two weeks of injury, and a follow-up period of six months or more. Patients should be evaluated with the Constant–Murley Score (CS). Two observers extracted data independently.ResultsTwelve studies and 282 Type C fractures were included. Results were categorised according to study type and synthesised qualitatively. No randomised clinical trials were identified. Two comparative, observational studies reported a mean CS of 71 (relative to contralateral shoulder) and 75 (non-adjusted Constant Score) for Type C fractures. For all studies mean non-adjusted CS ranged from 53 to 75. Mean age- and sex-adjusted CS ranged from 60 to 88. Mean CS relative to the contralateral shoulder ranged from 71 to 85. The most common complications were avascular necrosis (range, 4–33%), screw perforations (range, 5–20%), loss of fixation (range, 3–16%), impingement (range, 7–11%) and infections range 4–19%. Reoperation rate ranged from 6 to 44%.ConclusionsInsufficient study designs and unclear reporting preclude safe treatment recommendations. Complication and reoperation rates were unexpected high. Based on the studies included we cannot routinely recommend the use of locking plates in AO/OTA Type C fractures.     

关节镜下双排锚钉缝线桥技术治疗肩关节前脱位合并Mutch Ⅰ型肱骨大结节骨折

目的 分析关节镜下双排锚钉缝线桥技术治疗肩关节前脱位合并Mutch Ⅰ型肱骨大结节骨折的临床疗效.方法 回顾性分析自2016-06-2019-06采用关节镜下双排锚钉缝线桥技术治疗的16例肩关节脱位合并Mutch Ⅰ型肱骨大结节骨折,术中关节镜探查损伤情况并对症处理,进入并清理肩峰下间隙,Ⅲ型肩峰行肩峰成形术.复位大结...     

Minimally invasive fixation with modified palm tree technique for proximal humerus fractures: Outcomes in a series of 132 patients

IntroductionVarious surgical techniques and implants are available for surgical treatment of significantly displaced proximal humerus fractures. We describe a minimally invasive technique using 3 curved wires, inserted in a retrograde fashion into the humeral head. These are aimed to diverge within the humeral head to provide three separate 3-point fixations to achieve good stability. We present the results of proximal humerus fractures managed with the modified palm tree technique.MethodsA retrospective analysis of data collected prospectively including demographics, radiographs, clinical outcomes, complications and revision surgery for patients treated with the palm tree technique was performed.ResultsBetween 1998 and 2017, 132 patients underwent fixation with this technique. Average age was 61.8 years. Fifty-Eight fractures were 2 part, 46 were three part and 28 were four part. Average follow up was 26 months. In three to four part fractures, a bone graft substitute block was used behind the humeral head fragment for structural support. There were 11 early revisions (8.3%). In 7 cases the fixation failed early and was revised to other implants like angular & locking plates (4), hemiarthroplasties (2) and reverse arthroplasty (1). In 4 cases the construct was revised to achieve better positioning of the wires. From the 125 remaining patients, 120 achieved union(96.8%). There were 3 painless fibrous non-unions and 2 painful non-unions requiring revision. The mean final Constant score was 75.5 and subjective shoulder value was 7.8/10. Nine patients (6.8%) developed avascular necrosis of the humeral head of which three patients were revised later to an arthroplasty.ConclusionThis technique is a simple, minimally invasive technique which can be used for two, three and four part fractures with good functional outcomes and high union rates. No metalwork remains in the proximal humerus should another procedure like arthroplasty be required in case of avascular necrosis of the humeral head or fracture sequela.     

Second generation locked plating for complex proximal humerus fractures in very elderly patients

ObjectivesHumeral head sacrificing procedures are more favored in elderly patients with complex proximal humerus fractures because of high incidence of failures and complications with osteosynthesis. The purpose of this study is to assess the outcome of second generation locked plating techniques in 3 and 4 part fractures in active elderly patients >70 years with an emphasis on function and complications.Materials and methods29 patients with displaced 3 and 4 part proximal humerus fractures were treated using the principles of second-generation proximal humerus locked plating. Fixed angle locked plating (PHILOS) using the anterolateral deltoid spilt approach augmented with traction cuff sutures was performed. Minimum of 7 locking head screws including 2 calcar screws were used. In cases with a comminuted medial calcar, an endosteal fibular strut was used. Subchondral metaphyseal bone voids were filled with injectable calcium phosphate cement. Radiological outcome (union, head – shaft angle, tuberosity reduction), functional outcome assessment (Constant and ASES scores) and complications (loss of reduction, nonunion and osteonecrosis) were assessed.ResultsThe fracture united in 24 of the 26 patients available for follow up at a mean of 27 months (12–40 months). 3 patients developed complications that required arthroplasty (fixation failure in 2 patients and osteonecrosis in 1 patient). Follow up age adjusted Constant (63.1 ± 11.9) and ASES scores (62.58 ± 7.5) showed the extent of functional improvement post surgery. Patients with fractures having a non-comminuted medial calcar and valgus displacement of the humeral head had better functional scores and fewer complications.ConclusionOsteosynthesis with second generation locked plating techniques provide satisfactory outcome in very elderly patients with complex proximal humerus fractures with minimal complications.     

肱骨近端骨折切开复位内固定术后撞击征原因分析

目的评价切开复位内固定治疗肱骨近端骨折临床治疗结果及术后撞击并发症发生率。方法2008年1月至2009年12月期间55例有移位的肱骨近端骨折患者在我科接受锁定钢板治疗,平均随访时间17.2个月。随访时采用Constant-Murley评分评价患肢术后功能;经术后X线片评估肱骨大结节顶端高度和钢板高度,同时以撞击试验检查术后撞击并发症发病率。结果 55例患者平均Constant-Murley评分为79.3分,其中撞击征阳性者7例(12.7%),平均Constant-Murley评分为55.9分(P=0.007),低于样本均数。撞击试验阳性所涉及7例中有5例术后影像学资料显示大结节位置过高,1例钢板位置过高。结论本研究中有临床症状的撞击大多由过高的肱骨大结节引起。肱骨大结节复位不良可能影响治疗效果。     

Dual Locking Plate Osteosynthesis for 3- or 4-Part Proximal Humeral Fractures Combined with Multiple Fractures of the Greater Tuberosity

BackgroundThis retrospective study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of dual locking plate osteosynthesis for treating 3- or 4-part proximal humeral fractures combined with multiple fractures of the greater tuberosity.MethodsFrom January 2012 to December 2018, 19 skeletally mature patients, who suffered 3- or 4-part proximal humeral fractures combined with multiple fractures of the greater tuberosity, were treated with open reduction and internal fixation using a dual locking plate technique through a delto-pectoral approach. Indexes for evaluation included fracture healing, quality of reduction, and incidence of complications (infections, screw perforation into the glenohumeral joint, subacromial impingement, hardware failure, avascular necrosis, and loss of reduction). Shoulder function was evaluated using Constant–Murley scoring.ResultsThe patients were assessed at a mean time of 25.3 months after surgery. Union of fractures was radiographically confirmed for all 19 patients. The mean Constant–Murley patient score was 85.2 points, and complications were identified in two patients during follow-up evaluations.ConclusionsThe method of using dual locking plate osteosynthesis through a delto-pectoral approach resulted in a satisfactory union rate, excellent fracture reduction, low complication rate and good shoulder function for patients with complex proximal humeral fractures. The method is effective for treating 3- or 4-part proximal humeral fractures combined with multiple fractures of the greater tuberosity.     

Primary stemmed shoulder hemiarthroplasty for proximal humerus fractures in active patients aged ≤40 years: average 20 years of follow-up

BackgroundAlthough open reduction and internal fixation is a standard treatment for the management of severe proximal humeral fractures, it is associated with high risk for humeral head necrosis. Therefore, stemmed hemiarthroplasty (SHA) may be successfully used for older patients, but the expected long-term outcomes for young, active patients remain unclear. Therefore, in this study, we report the long-term clinical outcomes of SHA of the shoulder in young, active patients aged <40 years.MethodsBetween 1986 and 2003, we investigated 11 shoulders of 11 patients (all male) for primary SHA of the shoulder. Five patients received cemented hemiarthroplasty. The average age was 28.6 years (range, 17–40 years), and the average follow-up was 20.5 years (range, 18–26 years). Fractures were 2-part (dislocation of anatomical neck fracture) in 3 patients, 3-part in 2 patients, and 4-part in 6 patients. Clinical function was assessed using the Japanese Orthopaedic Association score and Constant score. Acromiohumeral interval, prosthetic loosening, superior migration, and glenoid erosion were compared between the immediate postoperative and 5-year, 10-year, and most recent (final) follow-up radiographs.ResultsThe mean Japanese Orthopaedic Association and Constant scores at final follow-up were 87.5 ± 10.6 points (range, 58–100) and 82.8 ± 12.7 points (range, 48–95), respectively. There was no change in clinical score at the final follow-up compared with scores at 5 or 10 years after surgery. Clinical outcome was poor in 1 patient (absorption of greater tuberosity) regarding range of motion. No patient had prosthetic loosening or periprosthetic fracture. Three patients had mild or moderate glenoid erosion. The acromiohumeral interval gradually decreased with time.ConclusionThere was good long-term survival of primary SHA (average, 20.2 years). No long-term concerns were identified in terms of implant loosening or severe osteoarthritis of the glenoid, despite the young age of the patients at implant (<40 years). However, poor clinical results were found in older patients with regard to absorption and malunion of the greater tuberosity. In addition, there remain substantial concerns regarding progressive glenoid erosion and the outcomes of revision to a more standard arthroplasty.     

Factors Influencing the Varus Deformity of Humeral Head in Proximal Humerus Fractures and Its Relation to Functional Outcome

BackgroundFractures of the proximal humerus represent approximately 4% of all fractures and 26% of humerus fractures. Proper reduction, stable internal fixation and early initiation of physiotherapy help to achieve a good functional outcome. Aim of this study was to evaluate varus fixation/malunion of proximal humerus fractures and its relation to functional outcome.Materials and MethodsWe retrospectively evaluated 32 patients with proximal humerus fractures who were surgically treated between 2015 and 2017 at tertiary care hospital. We divided the patients into three groups on the basis of the neck-shaft angle as valgus group, normal group and varus group to observe the influence of neck-shaft angle on efficacy. Patients were evaluated for functional outcome using the Constant–Murley score.ResultsTwo-part fractures had better functional outcome (Constant score = 75.15) compared to three parts with the moderate functional outcome (Constant score = 68.81) and the four-part fracture had poor functional outcome (Constant score = 52.66). After 6 months of follow-up, 13 patients had a neck-shaft angle of less than 126°. The functional outcome is significantly better among patients with normal neck-shaft angle and had a mean Constant score of 76.63 as compared to patients with varus deformity had a mean Constant score 60 (p = 0.001). 10 patients did not have medial support, in which 08 patients had neck-shaft angle less than 126° and 2 had a normal neck-shaft angle.ConclusionHigh fracture comminution, improper restoration of medial continuity causes varus deformity of the humeral head and it leads to poor functional outcome. The small sample size is the limitation of our study.     

Complex fractures of the proximal humerus in the elderly—outcome and complications after locking plate fixation

Open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) with locking plates or primary arthroplasty remains a controversial issue in the management of complex proximal humerus fractures. Aim of this study was to evaluate the surgeon- and patient-based outcome of patients older than 65 years who underwent ORIF using locking plate fixation of a 3- or 4-part fracture of the proximal humerus. Twenty-seven patients older than 65 years were treated with locking plate fixation (PHILOS, Fa. Synthes, Umkirch, Germany). At an average follow-up of 44 months, the clinical and the subjective outcome were evaluated, and complications were analyzed. The mean age- and gender-related Constant score was 70% (30–100%) compared with 92% (47–108%) of the contralateral non-injured shoulder. The mean DASH score was 29 points (0–71). Five patients (18.5%) showed clinical signs of an impingement, which was related to malpositioning of the plate in 3 cases. Screw cutout was seen in 22.2% (6 patients). Avascular necrosis of the head or the tubercula was found in 8 patients (29.6%). The revision rate was 29.6%. However, the patients considered the functional status of their shoulder as “good” or “satisfactory.” The functional and patient-orientated results of the locking plate fixation of complex displaced proximal humerus fractures in the elderly are comparable to those of primary arthroplasty and minimally invasive treatment. Proper surgical technique (screw length, plate position) is mandatory for reducing the revision rate.     

改良Mclaughlin手术联合肱骨近端锁定钢板治疗肩关节后脱位伴骨折

目的:探讨改良的Mclaughlin手术联合锁定钢板治疗肱骨头损伤面积40%的肩关节后脱位伴骨折患者的临床疗效。方法:自2012年7月至2017年6月收治肩关节后脱位伴骨折患者7例,其中男5例,女2例;年龄37～53岁;合并肱骨头劈裂骨折3例,肱骨外科颈骨折4例。手术方法采用改良的Mclaughlin手术联合锁定钢板固定。观察术后肩关节活动范围,采用加州大学肩关节功能评分(University of California-Los Angeles Shoulder Scale,UCLA)进行临床疗效评价。结果:7例患者获得随访,时间10～33个月。末次随访时肩关节前屈上举130°～170°,外旋45°～75°,外展105°～150°,内旋均在L_3椎体到臀水平之间; UCLA评分29～34分,其中优1例,良6例。结论:改良的Mclaughlin手术联合肱骨近端锁定钢板对肩关节后脱位伴骨折这一罕见损伤的治疗,可有效保证术后肩关节稳定性,但对术后肩关节内旋存在一定程度的影响。