共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 484 毫秒
1.
Vatakis A Navarra J Soto-Faraco S Spence C 《Experimental brain research. Experimentelle Hirnforschung. Expérimentation cérébrale》2008,185(3):521-529
The temporal perception of simple auditory and visual stimuli can be modulated by exposure to asynchronous audiovisual speech.
For instance, research using the temporal order judgment (TOJ) task has shown that exposure to temporally misaligned audiovisual
speech signals can induce temporal adaptation that will influence the TOJs of other (simpler) audiovisual events (Navarra
et al. (2005) Cognit Brain Res 25:499–507). Given that TOJ and simultaneity judgment (SJ) tasks appear to reflect different underlying mechanisms, we investigated
whether adaptation to asynchronous speech inputs would also influence SJ task performance. Participants judged whether a light
flash and a noise burst, presented at varying stimulus onset asynchronies, were simultaneous or not, or else they discriminated
which of the two sensory events appeared to have occurred first. While performing these tasks, participants monitored a continuous
speech stream for target words that were either presented in synchrony, or with the audio channel lagging 300 ms behind the
video channel. We found that the sensitivity of participant’s TOJ and SJ responses was reduced when the background speech
stream was desynchronized. A significant modulation of the point of subjective simultaneity (PSS) was also observed in the
SJ task but, interestingly, not in the TOJ task, thus supporting previous claims that TOJ and SJ tasks may tap somewhat different
aspects of temporal perception.
相似文献
Argiro VatakisEmail: Email: |
2.
Jansson E Wilson AD Williams JH Mon-Williams M 《Experimental brain research. Experimentelle Hirnforschung. Expérimentation cérébrale》2007,182(4):549-558
Recent behavioural research has investigated whether viewing someone perform an action results in activation of that action
by the observer. Postulated empirical support for this ‘ideo-motor (IM) conjecture’ typically rests upon two types of experimental
paradigm (reaction time and movement tracking tasks). These paradigms purport to show movement facilitation when compatible
movements are observed and vice versa, but only for biological stimuli. Unfortunately, these paradigms often contain confounding
(and unavoidable) generic stimulus–response compatibility effects that are not restricted to observed human movement. The
current study demonstrates in three experiments that equivalent compatibility effects can be produced by non-biological stimuli.
These results suggest that existing empirical paradigms may not, and perhaps cannot, support the IM-conjecture.
相似文献
Andrew D. WilsonEmail: |
3.
Matthew R. Longo Bennett I. Bertenthal 《Experimental brain research. Experimentelle Hirnforschung. Expérimentation cérébrale》2009,192(4):739-744
The perception of actions performed by others activates one’s own motor system. Recent studies disagree as to whether this
effect is specific to actions performed by other humans, an issue complicated by differences in perceptual salience between
human and non-human stimuli. We addressed this issue by examining the automatic imitation of actions stimulated by viewing
a virtual, computer-generated, hand. This stimulus was held constant across conditions, but participants’ attention to the
virtualness of the hand was manipulated by informing some participants during instructions that they would see a “computer-generated
model of a hand,” while making no mention of this to others. In spite of this attentional manipulation, participants in both
conditions were generally aware of the virtualness of the hand. Nevertheless, automatic imitation of the virtual hand was
significantly reduced––but not eliminated––when participants were told they would see a virtual hand. These results demonstrate
that attention modulates the “human bias” of automatic imitation to non-human actors.
相似文献
Matthew R. LongoEmail: |
4.
Semantic congruency and the Colavita visual dominance effect 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
Koppen C Alsius A Spence C 《Experimental brain research. Experimentelle Hirnforschung. Expérimentation cérébrale》2008,184(4):533-546
Participants presented with auditory, visual, or bimodal audiovisual stimuli in a speeded discrimination task, fail to respond
to the auditory component of bimodal targets significantly more often than to the visual component, a phenomenon known as
the Colavita visual dominance effect. Given that spatial and temporal factors have recently been shown to modulate the Colavita
effect, the aim of the present study, was to investigate whether semantic congruency also modulates the effect. In the three
experiments reported here, participants were presented with a version of the Colavita task in which the stimulus congruency
between the auditory and visual components of the bimodal targets was manipulated. That is, the auditory and visual stimuli
could refer to the same or different object (in Experiments 1 and 2) or audiovisual speech event (Experiment 3). Surprisingly,
semantic/stimulus congruency had no effect on the magnitude of the Colavita effect in any of the experiments, although it
exerted a significant effect on certain other aspects of participants’ performance. This finding contrasts with the results
of other recent studies showing that semantic/stimulus congruency can affect certain multisensory interactions.
相似文献
Camille KoppenEmail: |
5.
Involuntary cueing effects during smooth pursuit: facilitation and inhibition of return in oculocentric coordinates 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Souto D Kerzel D 《Experimental brain research. Experimentelle Hirnforschung. Expérimentation cérébrale》2009,192(1):25-31
Peripheral cues induce facilitation with short cue-target intervals and inhibition of return (IOR) with long cue-target intervals.
Modulations of facilitation and IOR by continuous displacements of the eye or the cued stimuli are poorly understood. Previously,
the retinal coordinates of the cued location were changed by saccadic or smooth pursuit eye movements during the cue-target
interval. In contrast, we probed the relevant coordinates for facilitation and IOR by orthogonally varying object motion (stationary,
moving) and eye movement (fixation, smooth pursuit). In the pursuit conditions, cue and target were presented during the ongoing
eye movement and observers made a saccade to the target. Importantly, we found facilitation and IOR of similar size during
smooth pursuit and fixation. The results suggest that involuntary orienting is possible even when attention has to be allocated
to the moving target during smooth pursuit. Comparison of conditions with stabilized and moving objects suggest an oculocentric
basis for facilitation as well as inhibition. Facilitation and IOR were reduced with objects that moved on the retina both
with smooth pursuit and eye fixation.
相似文献
David SoutoEmail: |
6.
Taeko Harada Ichiro Miyai Mitsuo Suzuki Kisou Kubota 《Experimental brain research. Experimentelle Hirnforschung. Expérimentation cérébrale》2009,195(3):445-454
When participants reach for a target, their hand can adjust to a change in target position that occurs while their eyes are
in motion (the hand’s automatic pilot) even though they are not aware of the target’s displacement (saccadic suppression of
perceptual experience). However, previous studies of this effect have displayed the target without interruption, such that
the new target position remains visible during the fixation that follows the saccade. Here we test whether a change in target
position that begins and ends during the saccade can be used to update aiming movements. We also ask whether such information
can be acquired from two targets at a time. The results showed that participants responded to single and double target jumps
even when these targets were extinguished prior to saccade termination. The results imply that the hand’s automatic pilot
is updated with new visual information even when the eye is in motion.
相似文献
Romeo ChuaEmail: |
7.
Young SJ Pratt J Chau T 《Experimental brain research. Experimentelle Hirnforschung. Expérimentation cérébrale》2009,192(1):121-132
Research has suggested that prospective motor decisions are consistent with actual motor action. In a study that we recently
published (Young et al. in Exp Brain Res 185:681–688, 2008), however, participants demonstrated a preference for closer targets that was inconsistent with the predictions of Fitts’s
law. With a pair of experiments, the present paper investigates the underlying basis of this non-optimal behaviour. Participants
showed a similar deviation from Fitts’s law when imagining movements—believing that movement duration increased with distance
within the same index of difficulty. Participants did not behave similarly, however, in a perceptual version of the decision
task. These results suggest that imagined movements and motor decisions are linked, as well as demonstrating one situation
in which both show a similar deviation from the patterns of actual movement duration.
相似文献
Scott J. YoungEmail: |
8.
David Souto Dirk Kerzel 《Experimental brain research. Experimentelle Hirnforschung. Expérimentation cérébrale》2009,195(4):531-540
After presentation of a peripheral cue, facilitation at the cued location is followed by inhibition of return (IOR). It has
been recently proposed that IOR may originate at different processing stages for manual and ocular responses, with manual
IOR resulting from inhibited attentional orienting, and ocular IOR resulting form inhibited motor preparation. Contrary to
this interpretation, we found an effect of target contrast on saccadic IOR. The effect of contrast decreased with increasing
reaction times (RTs) for saccades, but not for manual key-press responses. This may have masked the effect of contrast on
IOR with saccades in previous studies (Hunt and Kingstone in J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform 29:1068–1074, 2003) because only mean RTs were considered. We also found that background luminance strongly influenced the effects of gap and
target contrast on IOR.
相似文献
David SoutoEmail: |
9.
When vision ‘extinguishes’ touch in neurologically-normal people: extending the Colavita visual dominance effect 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
Hartcher-O'Brien J Gallace A Krings B Koppen C Spence C 《Experimental brain research. Experimentelle Hirnforschung. Expérimentation cérébrale》2008,186(4):643-658
Research has shown that people fail to report the presence of the auditory component of suprathreshold audiovisual targets
significantly more often than they fail to detect the visual component in speeded response tasks. Here, we investigated whether
this phenomenon, known as the “Colavita effect”, also affects people’s perception of visuotactile stimuli as well. In Experiments
1 and 2, participants made speeded detection/discrimination responses to unimodal visual, unimodal tactile, and bimodal (visual
and tactile) stimuli. A significant Colavita visual dominance effect was observed (i.e., participants failed to respond to
touch far more often than they failed to respond to vision on the bimodal trials). This dominance of vision over touch was
significantly larger when the stimuli were presented from the same position than when they were presented from different positions
(Experiment 3), and still occurred even when the subjective intensities of the visual and tactile stimuli had been matched
(Experiment 4), thus ruling out a simple intensity-based account of the results. These results suggest that the Colavita visual
dominance effect (over touch) may result from a competition between the neural representations of the two stimuli for access
to consciousness and/or the recruitment of attentional resources.
相似文献
Alberto GallaceEmail: |
10.
Scott Sinnett Janice J. Snyder Alan Kingstone 《Experimental brain research. Experimentelle Hirnforschung. Expérimentation cérébrale》2009,194(2):191-196
We demonstrate that attention to object representations is vitally dependent on the prefrontal cortex. Object-based selective
attention was compared in neurologic patients with unilateral damage to either the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC)
or the parietal cortex and in healthy controls. Our task required a top–down attentional modulation of object representations
in which spatial location played no role. All groups could invoke top–down object-based selection, but the DLPFC patients
showed a selective deficit when target stimuli were in the hemifield contralateral to the lesioned hemisphere. Our findings
indicate that in the healthy brain, anterior cortical mechanisms are crucial for attending to object-centered representations,
whereas posterior cortical mechanisms are necessary for attending to objects at locations in the visual scene.
相似文献
Scott SinnettEmail: |
11.
Lawrence E. M. Grierson Digby Elliott 《Experimental brain research. Experimentelle Hirnforschung. Expérimentation cérébrale》2009,197(3):279-285
This experiment was designed to determine if real and illusory shifts in target position at movement initiation affect the
same online corrective processes. Adult participants completed rapid goal-directed movements toward the vertex of a target
“T” located at the midline, 25 cm distal to a small home position. At movement initiation, the target either stayed the same,
shifted its real position, its illusory position or both. The real perturbation involved a 2.5 mm shift either toward or away
from the body. For the illusory perturbation, the horizontal portion of the “T” changed to inward or outward Müller–Lyer wings. Both the real and the illusory perturbation affected movement outcome. The
two manipulations began to have their impact at peak velocity. Because both perturbations affected mid to late trajectory
control and because their effects were not independent, we concluded that real and illusory target shifts impact late visual
motor control associated with a comparison between the position of the limb and the perceived position of the target.
相似文献
Lawrence E. M. GriersonEmail: |
12.
Diederich A Colonius H 《Experimental brain research. Experimentelle Hirnforschung. Expérimentation cérébrale》2008,186(1):1-22
In a focused attention task saccadic reaction time (SRT) to a visual target stimulus (LED) was measured with an auditory (white
noise burst) or tactile (vibration applied to palm) non-target presented in ipsi- or contralateral position to the target.
Crossmodal facilitation of SRT was observed under all configurations and stimulus onset asynchrony (SOA) values ranging from
−500 (non-target prior to target) to 0 ms, but the effect was larger for ipsi- than for contralateral presentation within
an SOA range from −200 ms to 0. The time-window-of-integration (TWIN) model (Colonius and Diederich in J Cogn Neurosci 16:1000,
2004) is extended here to separate the effect of a spatially unspecific warning effect of the non-target from a spatially specific
and genuine multisensory integration effect.
相似文献
Hans ColoniusEmail: |
13.
Rossit S Harvey M 《Experimental brain research. Experimentelle Hirnforschung. Expérimentation cérébrale》2008,189(1):1-10
It has been widely reported that aging is accompanied by a decline in motor skill performance and in particular, it has been
shown that older subjects take longer to adapt their ongoing reach in response to a target location shift. In the present
experiment, we investigated the influence of aging on the ability to perform trajectory corrections in response to a target
jump, but also assessed inhibition by asking a younger and an older group of participants to either adapt or stop their ongoing
movement in response to a target location change. Results showed that although older subjects took longer to initiate, execute,
correct and inhibit an ongoing reach, they performed both tasks with the same level of accuracy as the younger sample. Moreover,
the slowing was also observed when older subjects were asked to point to stationary targets. Our findings thus indicate that
aging does not specifically influence the ability to perform or inhibit fast online corrections to target location changes,
but rather produces a general slowing and increased variability of movement planning, initiation and execution to both perturbed
and stationary targets. For the first time, we demonstrate that aging is not accompanied by a decrease in the inhibition of
motor control.
相似文献
Monika HarveyEmail: |
14.
Integration of auditory and visual information in the recognition of realistic objects 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Clara Suied Nicolas Bonneel Isabelle Viaud-Delmon 《Experimental brain research. Experimentelle Hirnforschung. Expérimentation cérébrale》2009,194(1):91-102
Recognizing a natural object requires one to pool information from various sensory modalities, and to ignore information from
competing objects. That the same semantic knowledge can be accessed through different modalities makes it possible to explore
the retrieval of supramodal object concepts. Here, object-recognition processes were investigated by manipulating the relationships
between sensory modalities, specifically, semantic content, and spatial alignment between auditory and visual information.
Experiments were run under realistic virtual environment. Participants were asked to react as fast as possible to a target
object presented in the visual and/or the auditory modality and to inhibit a distractor object (go/no-go task). Spatial alignment
had no effect on object-recognition time. The only spatial effect observed was a stimulus–response compatibility between the
auditory stimulus and the hand position. Reaction times were significantly shorter for semantically congruent bimodal stimuli
than would be predicted by independent processing of information about the auditory and visual targets. Interestingly, this
bimodal facilitation effect was twice as large as found in previous studies that also used information-rich stimuli. An interference
effect was observed (i.e. longer reaction times to semantically incongruent stimuli than to the corresponding unimodal stimulus)
only when the distractor was auditory. When the distractor was visual, the semantic incongruence did not interfere with object
recognition. Our results show that immersive displays with large visual stimuli may provide large multimodal integration effects,
and reveal a possible asymmetry in the attentional filtering of irrelevant auditory and visual information.
相似文献
Clara SuiedEmail: |
15.
Valerio Santangelo Charles Spence 《Experimental brain research. Experimentelle Hirnforschung. Expérimentation cérébrale》2009,194(4):577-586
Although many studies have demonstrated that crossmodal exogenous orienting can lead to a facilitation of reaction times,
the issue of whether exogenous spatial orienting also affects the accuracy of perceptual judgments has proved to be much more
controversial. Here, we examined whether or not exogenous spatial attentional orienting would affect sensitivity in a temporal
discrimination task. Participants judged which of the two target letters, presented on either the same or opposite sides,
had been presented first. A spatially non-predictive tone was presented 200 ms prior to the onset of the first visual stimulus.
In two experiments, we observed improved performance (i.e., a decrease in the just noticeable difference) when the target
letters were presented on opposite sides and the auditory cue was presented on the side of the first visual stimulus, even
when central fixation was monitored ("Experiment 2"). A shift in the point of subjective simultaneity was also observed in both experiments, indicating ‘prior entry’ for cued
as compared to uncued first target trials. No such JND or PSS effects were observed when the auditory tone was presented after
the second visual stimulus ("Experiment 3"), thus confirming the attentional nature of the effects observed. These findings clearly show that the crossmodal exogenous
orienting of spatial attention can affect the accuracy of temporal judgments.
相似文献
Valerio SantangeloEmail: |
16.
Accommodation has been suspected as a contributor to size illusions in virtual environments (VE) due to the lack of appropriate
accommodative stimuli in a VE for the objects displayed. Previous experiments examining size-constancy in VE have shown that
monocular cues to depth that accompany the object are a major contributor to correct size perception. When these accompanying
cues are removed perceived size varied with the object’s distance from the subject, i.e., visual angle. If accommodation were
the dominant mechanism contributing to a visual angle response [due to its action to keep physical objects clear] in this
condition, an open-loop accommodation viewing condition might restore size-constancy to this condition. Pinhole apertures
were used to open-loop accommodation and examine if size-constancy might be restored when few accompanying monocular cues
to depth were present. Visual angle performance when viewing a low cue environment was found with and without the use of the
pinhole apertures. Thus, these results signify that accommodation does not play a dominate role in the loss of size-constancy
in sparse visual environments often used in VE. These results suggest that size-constancy is driven by the inclusion of the
remaining monocular cues to depth in VE as it is in the physical world.
相似文献
Robert V. KenyonEmail: |
17.
Valeria Occelli Charles Spence Massimiliano Zampini 《Experimental brain research. Experimentelle Hirnforschung. Expérimentation cérébrale》2009,193(3):409-419
We investigated the effect of varying sound intensity on the audiotactile crossmodal dynamic capture effect. Participants
had to discriminate the direction of a target stream (tactile, Experiment 1; auditory, Experiment 2) while trying to ignore
the direction of a distractor stream presented in a different modality (auditory, Experiment 1; tactile, Experiment 2). The
distractor streams could either be spatiotemporally congruent or incongruent with respect to the target stream. In half of
the trials, the participants were presented with auditory stimuli at 75 dB(A) while in the other half of the trials they were
presented with auditory stimuli at 82 dB(A). Participants’ performance on both tasks was significantly affected by the intensity
of the sounds. Namely, the crossmodal capture of tactile motion by audition was stronger with the more intense (vs. less intense)
auditory distractors (Experiment 1), whereas the capture effect exerted by the tactile distractors was stronger for less intense
(than for more intense) auditory targets (Experiment 2). The crossmodal dynamic capture was larger in Experiment 1 than in
Experiment 2, with a stronger congruency effect when the target streams were presented in the tactile (vs. auditory) modality.
Two explanations are put forward to account for these results: an attentional biasing toward the more intense auditory stimuli,
and a modulation induced by the relative perceptual weight of, respectively, the auditory and the tactile signals.
相似文献
Valeria OccelliEmail: |
18.
Alexis D. J. Makin Andrew J. Stewart Ellen Poliakoff 《Experimental brain research. Experimentelle Hirnforschung. Expérimentation cérébrale》2009,193(1):137-142
Previous work indicates that extrapolation of object motion during occlusion is affected by the velocity of the immediately
preceding trial. Here we ask whether longer-term velocity representations can also influence motion extrapolation. Red, blue
or green targets disappeared behind an occluder. Participants pressed a button when they thought the target had reached the
other side. Red targets were slower (10–20 deg/s), blue targets moved at medium velocities (14–26 deg/s) and green targets
were faster (20–30 deg/s). We compared responses on a subset of red and green trials which always travelled at 20 deg/s. Although
trial velocities were identical, participants responded as if the green targets moved faster (M = 22.64 deg/s) then the red targets (M = 19.72 deg/s). This indicates that motion extrapolation is affected by longer-term information about the typical velocity
of different categories of stimuli.
相似文献
Ellen PoliakoffEmail: |
19.
Perception of affordances for standing on an inclined surface depends on height of center of mass 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Regia-Corte T Wagman JB 《Experimental brain research. Experimentelle Hirnforschung. Expérimentation cérébrale》2008,191(1):25-35
We investigated whether perception of affordances for standing on an inclined surface depended on the height of center of
mass of the perceiver-actor. Participants adjusted the angle of inclination of a surface until they felt that it was just
barely possible for them to stand on that surface. They performed this task while wearing a backpack apparatus to which masses
were attached in one of three configurations—high-mass, low-mass, and no-mass. Moreover, participants performed this task
by viewing the inclined surface or by probing it with a hand-held rod (while blindfolded). Perception of affordances for standing
on the inclined surface reflected the changes in center of mass brought on by the weighted backpack apparatus (the perceptual
boundary occurred at a smaller angle of inclination in the high-mass condition than in the low-mass condition and in the no-mass
condition). Moreover, perception of this affordance reflected such changes both when the surface was viewed and when the surface
was probed with a hand-held rod (while blindfolded). The results highlight that perception of affordances is dynamic and task-dependent
and suggest that the stimulation patterns that support perception of affordances are invariant and modality-independent.
相似文献
Jeffrey B. WagmanEmail: |
20.
The selective effect of the image of a hand on visuotactile interactions as assessed by performance on the crossmodal congruency task 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Igarashi Y Kimura Y Spence C Ichihara S 《Experimental brain research. Experimentelle Hirnforschung. Expérimentation cérébrale》2008,184(1):31-38
Seeing one’s own body (either directly or indirectly) can influence visuotactile crossmodal interactions. Previously, it has
been shown that even viewing a simple line drawing of a hand can also modulate such crossmodal interactions, as if viewing
the picture of a hand somehow primes the representation of one’s own hand. However, factors other than the sight of a symbolic
picture of a hand may have modulated the crossmodal interactions reported in previous research. In the present study, we examined
the crossmodal modulatory effects of viewing five different visual images (photograph of a hand, line drawing of a hand, line
drawing of a car, an U-shape, and an ellipse) on tactile performance. Participants made speeded discrimination responses regarding
the location of brief vibrotactile targets presented to either the tip or base of their left index finger, while trying to
ignore visual distractors presented to either the left or right of central fixation. We compared the visuotactile congruency
effects elicited when the five different visual images were presented superimposed over the visual distractors. Participants’
tactile discrimination performance was modulated to a significantly greater extent by viewing the photograph of a hand than
when viewing the outline drawing of a hand. No such crossmodal congruency effects were reported in any of the other conditions.
These results therefore suggest that visuotactile interactions are specifically modulated by the image of the hand rather
than just by any simple orientation cues that may be provided by the image of a hand.
相似文献
Yuka IgarashiEmail: |