血管细胞粘附分子与妊娠高血压综合征发病的关系

随机选取妊娠的高血压综合征 (妊高征 ,PIH) 2 5例 (其中轻度 8例 ,中度 8例 ,重度 9例 ) ,为PIH组 ,另选正常孕妇 30例 ,为正常孕妇组。采用酶链免疫吸附试验 (ELISA法 )测定两组产妇临产前及产后 1周血清中VCAM 1的水平 ,同时应用免疫组化Envision法检测其相应胎盘组织中VCAM 1的表达。结果 :妊高征组产前血清VCAM 1浓度 (1383.6 0± 12 1.89ng/ml)显著高于正常孕妇组 (10 5 2 .0 7± 90 .37ng/ml,P <0 .0 0 1) ,而妊高征组产后血清VCAM 1水平 (90 6 .6 8± 82 .2 9ng/ml)与产前血清相比 ,明显下降 (P均 <0 .0 0 1) ;VCAM 1主要表达在胎盘滋养叶细胞及血管内皮细胞 ;PIH组胎盘滋养叶细胞表达率低于正常孕妇组 (P <0 .0 1) ,而血管内皮细胞表达妊高征组高于正常孕妇组 ,但P >0 .0 5。结果表明 ,PIH患者血清VCAM 1浓度的升高、胎盘血管内皮细胞VCAM 1表达率的升高及胎盘滋养层细胞缺乏VCAM 1的表达可能与PIH的发生、发展有关。     

正常妊娠和重度妊高征患者胎盘中MMP-9、TIMP-1的表达及其意义

目的:探讨基质金属蛋白酶9(MMP-9)、金属蛋白酶组织抑制因子1(TIMP-1)在正常妊娠和重度妊娠高血压综合征患者胎盘组织中的表达及其意义。方法:采用免疫组织化学方法检测42例重度妊高征患者(妊高征组)及42例正常妊娠妇女(正常组)胎盘中MMP-9、TIMP-1的表达强度及变化规律,并进行比较分析。结果:MMP-9、TIMP-1表达于滋养叶细胞、血管内皮细胞及绒毛间质细胞。与正常组相比,妊高征组MMP-9表达降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);而TIMP-1表达无明显变化,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:MMP-9和TIMP-1可能与胎盘滋养叶细胞侵入异常及妊高征的发病有关。     

妊高征胎盘组织表达flt1蛋白的研究

目的: 研究fm 样酪氨酸激酶1(thefms liketyrosinekinase,flt1)蛋白在妊娠高血压综合征(妊高征)胎盘组织中的表达,探讨其在妊高征发病机制中的作用.方法: 应用蛋白免疫印迹技术(WesternBlotting)检测18例妊高征胎盘组织(实验组)和18例正常孕妇胎盘组织(对照组)中flt1蛋白的表达量,并比较两者之间的差异.应用免疫组化技术对上述两组标本中flt1蛋白的表达进行定位.结果: flt1蛋白在妊高征胎盘组织和正常孕妇胎盘组织中均有表达,在妊高征胎盘组织中的表达量高于正常孕妇,两者比较有显著性差异(P 0. 01).免疫组化染色结果显示flt1蛋白的表达部位在滋养细胞和血管内皮细胞的胞质、胞核,两组的表达部位无明显差异.结论:flt1蛋白在妊高征胎盘组织中高表达,可能与妊高征发病密切相关,它既表达于内皮细胞,又表达于滋养细胞,可能从多个途径参与妊高征的病理生理过程.     

胎儿宫内发育迟缓患者胎盘滋养细胞表面内源性血红素氧化酶的表达

目的　检测胎儿宫内发育迟缓（intrauterine　growth　retardation,IUGR）患者胎盘滋养细胞表面内源性血红素氧化酶（heme　oxygenase,HO）的表达,探讨IUGR的发病机制。方法　用特异性的HO抗体对不明原因的IUGR者（IUGR组）、妊高征合并IUGR者（PIH+IUGR组）及正常妊娠妇女（对照组）胎盘滋养细胞表面HO-1进行免疫组化染色,并其进行定量分析。结果　IUGR组[（64.27±12.12）μm2]和PIH-IUGR组HO-1表达面积[（61.54±10.59）μm2]显著低于对照组[（98.56±15.23）μm2,P<0.01];IUGR组和PIH+IUGR组则差异不显著（P>0.05）。结论　胎盘滋养细胞表面内源性HO表达减少可能是IUGR发病的机制之一。     

缺氧诱导因子-1αmRNA和蛋白在妊高征胎盘组织中表达定位

目的 :探讨缺氧诱导因子 1α( HIF- 1α)在妊高征胎盘组织细胞中的定位。方法 :收取 1 0例妊高征孕妇的胎盘组织 ,应用免疫组织化学方法 ,观察 HIF- 1α蛋白在妊高征胎盘组织细胞中的定位表达 ;应用原位杂交的方法 ,观察 HIF- 1α m RNA在妊高征胎盘组织细胞中的定位表达。结果 :在妊高征胎盘中 ,HIF- 1α蛋白主要表达在合体滋养细胞、血管内皮细胞的胞核和胞浆中 ;HIF- 1 α m RNA主要表达在合体滋养细胞和血管内皮细胞的胞浆中。结论 :HIF- 1 α在妊高征胎盘组织中表达主要集中在胎盘的合体滋养细胞和血管内皮细胞。妊高征胎盘中合体滋养细胞和血管内皮细胞表达 HIF- 1 α,可能与妊高征的发病及病理生理有关     

血管内皮生长因子在妊娠高血压综合征胎盘中的表达

目的　观察血管内皮生长因子 (VEGF)在妊娠高血压综合征 (妊高征 )胎盘中的表达情况。方法　用免疫组织化学法 ,检测 34例妊高征胎盘 (妊高征组 )和 30例正常晚孕胎盘 (对照组 )中的VEGF表达水平 ,并作计算机图像分析 ,测定各组标本的阳性染色光度值。结果　VEGF在妊高征胎盘和正常晚孕胎盘中均有表达 ,其分布基本一致 ,主要在滋养细胞、血管内皮及绒毛间质细胞。计算机图像分析结果示 ,妊高征组VEGF阳性染色光度为 0 .2 0 6 88± 0 .0 15 30 ,对照组VEGF阳性染色光度为 0 .2 3780± 0 .0 0 4 34,两组差异有极显著性意义 (P <0 .0 1)。轻度妊高征的染色光度值为 0 .2 2 6 0 3± 0 .0 0 82 8,中度为 0 .2 0 36 4± 0 .0 0 36 5 ,重度为 0 .1915 1± 0 .0 0 4 4 1,随妊高征病情的加重 ,VEGF表达水平呈下降趋势。结论　妊高征胎盘中VEGF表达水平降低可能与胎盘血管生成减少及胎盘滋养细胞侵入异常有关 ,在妊高征的发病中起重要作用     

脯氨酰-4-羟化酶基因在妊高征胎盘中的表达及其临床意义

目的 通过检测脯氨酰-4-羟化酶(P4H)基因在妊娠高血压综合征(妊高征)患者胎盘中的表达,了解其在妊高征病理生理机制中的作用. 方法 采用半定量RT-PCR技术检测10例正常妊娠妇女(对照组)及10例中、重度妊高征患者(妊高征组)胎盘组织P4H和β-actin mRNA水平. 结果 P4H与β-actin积分吸光度比值在对照组和妊高征组胎盘组织中分别为0.38682±0.07931; 0.45671±0.05803. 显示P4H mRNA在对照组和妊高征组胎盘组织中均有表达,妊高征组胎盘组织P4H基因的表达明显高于对照组,差异有显著性(P=0.037). 结论 妊高征患者胎盘组织中P4H基因的高表达, 可能是妊高征一系列病理生理变化的环节之一.     

血管内皮生长因子在妊高征胎盘中的表达研究

目的观察血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)在妊高征(PIH)胎盘中的表达情况.方法用免疫组织化学法,检测30例正常晚孕胎盘(对照组)和34例妊高征胎盘(妊高征组)中的VEGF表达水平,并作计算机图像分析,测定各组标本的阳性染色光度值.结果VEGF在正常晚孕胎盘和妊高征胎盘中均有表达,其分布基本一致,主要在滋养细胞、血管内皮及绒毛间质.计算机图像分析结果示,对照组VEGF阳性染色光度为0.23780±0.00434,妊高征组VEGF阳性染色光度为0.20688±0.01530,其中轻度0.22603±0.00828,中度0.20364±0.00365,重度0.19151±0.00441,妊高征组中VEGF表达明显低于对照组P＜0.01.且随妊高征病情的加重,VEGFF表达水平呈下降趋势.结论妊高征胎盘中VEGF表达水平降低可能与胎盘血管生成减少及胎盘滋养细胞侵入异常有关,在妊高征的发病中起重要作用.     

血管内皮生长因子与妊娠高血压综合征的关系研究

目的　探讨血管内皮生长因子 (VEGF)在妊娠高血压综合征 (妊高征 )发病中的作用。方法　采用酶联免疫吸附法测定 3 5例妊高征患者 (妊高征组 ,其中轻度 10例 ,中、重度 2 5例 )的外周血及其新生儿脐静脉血VEGF水平 ,用免疫组化法测定胎盘中的VEGF水平 ,并以正常晚期妊娠妇女 (正常妊娠组 ) 2 0例和正常未孕妇女 (正常未孕组 )10例为对照。　结果 ( 1)妊高征组外周血VEGF水平为 ( 2 8 66± 9 98)ng/ml,明显高于正常妊娠组 [( 13 15± 8 46)ng/ml,P <0 0 1]和正常非孕组 [( 5 47± 3 5 2 )ng/ml ,P <0 0 1] ;轻度妊高征组血清VEGF水平为 ( 16 75± 7 2 4)ng/ml ,与正常妊娠组比较 ,差异无显著性 (P >0 0 5 ) ;中、重度妊高征组血清VEGF水平为 ( 3 5 43± 9 0 2 )ng/ml,明显高于对照组和轻度妊高征组 (P均 <0 0 1)。产后三天下降到非孕水平。 ( 2 )妊高征组的新生儿脐血VEGF水平为 ( 4 8 3 5±9 64 )ng/ml ,低于正常妊娠组 ( 5 7 62± 11 19)ng/ml,其差异无统计学意义。两组孕妇的新生儿脐血VEGF水平均高于其母血清 (P均 <0 0 1)。 ( 3 )妊高征组胎盘VEGF轻度表达为 71 4%,中度为 2 8 6%,无重度表达 ;正常妊娠组胎盘VEGF轻度表达为 3 0 %,中度为 45 %,重度为 2 5 %。妊高征组胎盘VEGF表达显著低于     

胰岛素样生长因子-Ⅱ在妊振高血压综合征胎盘滋养细胞浅浸润中的影响

目的检测胎盘滋养细胞中胰岛素样生长因子-Ⅱ(insulin-like growthfactor-Ⅱ,IGF-Ⅱ)及其mRNA的表达,研究IGF-Ⅱ对细胞滋养细胞浸润能力的影响,评估IGF-Ⅱ在妊娠高血压综合征(妊高征)中的作用.方法①用免疫组化法检测正常及妊高征孕妇的胎盘组织中IGF-Ⅱ的表达,并用计算机图像分析系统进行定量分析比较.②用逆转录-聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)检测正常妊娠及妊高征胎盘滋养细胞中IGF-ⅡmRNA表达水平,并通过紫外凝胶图像分析进行定量分析比较.③用滋养细胞体外侵袭试验研究IGF-Ⅱ对正常及妊高征胎盘细胞滋养细胞浸润能力的影响.结果①IGF-Ⅱ主要位于绒毛小叶的合体滋养细胞及细胞滋养细胞.此外,也存在于羊膜绒毛层,但染色较以上两种细胞明显减弱.经图像分析检测证实妊高征组胎盘IGF-Ⅱ的平均光密度显著低于正常妊娠组(P＜0.05).②妊高征胎盘滋养细胞IGF-ⅡmRNA的表达亦显著低于正常妊娠者(P＜0.05).③妊高征滋养细胞较正常滋养细胞的浸润能力显著降低.④IGF-Ⅱ能明显促进正常妊娠滋养细胞的侵袭能力;但对妊高征滋养细胞侵袭能力的影响不显著.结论IGF-Ⅱ可能在妊高征胎盘滋养细胞浅浸润过程中起重要作用.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.