恶性室性心律失常的胺碘酮治疗

观察静脉与口服联合应用胺碘酮对恶性室性心律失常的作用。31例室性心动过速 (VT)和 /或心室颤动 (VF)患者 (男 21例,女 12例,年龄 48±14. 6岁),首剂静脉注射胺碘酮 150 ~300mg, 10min注入。继之以 0. 5~1. 0mg/min维持静脉泵入。静脉维持用药24~48h后给予口服胺碘酮 600mg/d,逐渐减量至 200mg/d维持。观察静脉用药期间的心率,QT间期,VT、VF的发作情况。结果: 22例于用药后 24h获得控制, 6例于 48h后获控制, 3例于 72h后获得控制。静脉用药期间,未见QT间期明显延长。结论:静脉用胺碘酮治疗恶性室性心律失常安全有效。静脉与口服联合给药起效快,可达到早期抢救生命的目的,又可稳定血药浓度,防止心律失常的复发。     

大剂量胺碘酮静脉注射在顽固性室性心动过速、心室颤动的临床应用

总结大剂量胺碘酮(Am)静脉注射治疗顽固室性心动过速(VT)和(或)心室颤动(VF)的用药经验.选择52例患者,男34例、女18例,年龄47.0±15.6(21～68)岁.对常规抗心律失常药物治疗无效,静脉注射负荷量Am,以3～5mg/kg稀释后10min内注入,随后以1.0～1.5mg/min泵入维持,若心律失常控制不满意,可每隔30min再注入75～150mg追加负荷量,同时口服Am,静脉用药平均7.5(6～12)天.第1个24hAm静脉用量为1865±272(I592～3120)mg,心律失常控制占56%(29/52),72h心律失常全部控制.1例96h后VT复发,追加Am负荷量后获控制,1例死于心源性休克.结论大剂量静脉注射Am对顽固VT和(或)VF安全有效,用药强调个体化.在用药过程中注意监测血压、心率、节律变化.预防心律失常复发需长期口服Am.     

静脉胺碘酮在危及生命的室性心律失常中的应用

介绍静脉应用胺碘酮对危及生命的室性心律失常的临床应用经验。 5 6例合并器质性心脏病的反复发作持续性室性心动过速 (VT) /心室颤动 (VF)患者 ,男 42例、女 14例 ,年龄 49.6± 13.8岁 ,其中冠心病心肌梗死 42例、心肌病13例、先天性心脏病 1例。静脉注射胺碘酮首剂 3～ 5mg/kg,10min注入 ,继之以 1.0～ 1.5mg/min维持静脉点滴 ,以后依病情渐减。静脉应用同时加用口服 6 0 0～ 12 0 0mg/2 4h。第 1次负荷量后 ,若心律失常控制不理想 ,可每隔 15～30min再给 1.5～ 3.0mg/kg的追加负荷量。以VT、VF消失为有效。第 1个 2 4h静脉用量 15 86 .5± 316 .8mg。维持静脉点滴 4.5± 2 .6天。总有效率 85 .7%。对持续性VT终止率 2 6 .9%。静脉用药早期对PR、QTc间期、QRS波时限无影响。静脉用药期间 ,3例出现窦性心动过缓 ,经减量后恢复 ;1例出现一过性Ⅱ度房室阻滞 ;12例出现静脉炎。静脉胺碘酮治疗危及生命的室性心律失常安全有效。 2 4h 10 0 0～ 15 0 0mg为较合适的初始静脉用量。     

再负荷胺碘酮治疗复发性、持续性室性心动过速的临床疗效及安全性观察

目的评价再负荷胺碘酮治疗复发性、持续性室性心动过速的临床疗效及安全性。 方法12例初次负荷量胺碘酮治疗后正在口服维持量或停药不超过3个月的复发性、持续性室性心动过速(VT)和(或)心室颤动(VF)患者,男11例,女1例,平均60.75±4.58岁。分别给予静脉并口服胺碘酮(10例),单用口服胺碘酮800mg/d(2例)再负荷治疗。 结果12例复发性持续性VT和(或)VF均得到有效控制,未见明显副作用。再负荷胺碘酮治疗获满意疗效所需剂量约为初次负荷剂量的60%。 结论再负荷胺碘酮治疗复发性、持续性VT有良好的临床疗效及安全性。     

静脉胺碘酮治疗老年充血性心力衰竭并室性快速性心律失常

目的研究胺碘酮静脉应用治疗老年充血性心力衰竭患者并发的室性快速性心律失常疗效及安全性。方法对32例老年充血性心力衰竭并发的室性心动过速(VT)和(或)心室颤动(VF),首剂给予胺碘酮3~5mg/kg,10min内缓慢注入,15~30min若无效,再重复突击量1.5~3mg/kg,随后以1.0~1.5mg/min静脉滴注维持,依病情逐渐减量,静脉应用同时加用口服胺碘酮600mg/天。结果第1个24小时胺碘酮静脉平均用量为1690±499.4mg,维持静脉点滴平均4.3±1.7天,总有效率87.5%,静脉应用早期对PR、QRS、QTc间期均无影响。不良反应15.6%,用药期间无因胺碘酮导致或加重的心功能不全。结论大剂量胺碘酮静脉治疗老年心力衰竭并发的室性快速性心律失常安全、有效。     

胺碘酮治疗心室颤动和持续性室性心动过速临床观察

目的 观察胺碘酮(可达龙)静脉注射加口服治疗持续性室性心动过速、室颤的临床疗效.方法 对发生持续性室性心动过速(VT)、心室颤动(VF)的器质性心脏病患者38例除颤的同时静脉注射可达龙150 mg～300 mg,10 min静脉推注完毕(VT150 mg、VF300 mg)后继以1 mg/min泵入6 h,后18 h泵入0.5 mg/min,24 h静脉用量≤1 200 mg.结果 静脉平均用药2 d～4 d(3.9 d±1.8 d)第1天静脉用量900 mg～1 200 mg(1150mg±180mg),心律失常控制率24 h为27.7%,48 h为50%,72 h为22.3%.总病死率22.2%.结论 静脉注射加口服应用可达龙对持续性VT、VF控制安全、有效,但不能减少病人病死率.     

静脉用胺碘酮治疗顽固性室速14例疗效观察

对14例经用1～3种常规抗心律失常药无效的顽固性室性心动过速(室速)患者,静脉应用胺碘酮,首剂150mg,继之以0.4～1.5mg/min维持1～6d(平均3.2d);同时口服胺碘酮600mg/d,必要时间隔15min重复静脉注射(静注)75～150mg,24h总量平均为1855mg.12例取得满意疗效,未见严重毒副反应.提示静脉用胺碘酮对顽固性室速治疗,安全有效.     

胺碘酮治疗维吾尔族器质性心脏病人室性心律失常的疗效和安全性

目的评价胺碘酮治疗维吾尔族器质性心脏病人室性心律失常的疗效和安全性.方法观察47例维吾尔族器质性心脏病人采用胺碘酮治疗室性心律失常的疗效和安全性,随访1～3年. 结果6例反复发作的持续性室速、室颤病人,首剂3～5 mg/kg胺碘酮10 min内静脉注射,再以1～1.5 mg/min缓慢滴注,室速均被有效终止.以200mg/d胺碘酮作为长期维持量能有效的控制室性早搏(92.7%).6例静脉注射胺碘酮病人中窦性心动过缓5例、PR间期延长1例;在41例长期口服维持量的病人中甲状腺功能低下者1例、窦性心动过缓18例、QT间期延长22例,但无肺损害发生. 结论采用胺碘酮治疗维吾尔族器质性心脏病人室性心律失常效果满意,安全可靠.     

胺碘酮治疗心律失常的长期耐受性

胺碘酮是非常有效的广谱抗心律失常药物,但最近的一些研究发现它有多种毒副作用。作者复习5年内242例(男155例,女87例)因室上性心律失常(156例)或室性心律失常(86例)接受口服胺碘酮治疗的病人,评价这种治疗的长期疗效。本组多数病例胺碘酮的负荷量为每日600～1,800mg,用1～4周;维持治疗是经验性的,室性心律失常通常为400mg/d,     

随机双盲法比较静脉用胺碘酮和溴苄胺对反复发作性、血动失衡型室速或室颤的治疗

比较胺碘酮(125mg/24h和1000mg/24h)与溴苄胺2500mg/24h在静脉给药治疗急性快速室性心律失常方面的安全性和有效性。 方法 本试验按随机、双盲的原则进行。患者为进入本试验前24小时内发生连续性VT/VF或者至少2次血动失衡型VT/VF的病人。血动力失衡的表现为意识丧失,收     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.