原发性颅内淋巴瘤的外科治疗

目的 探讨原发性颅内淋巴瘤(PCNSL)的外科治疗价值.方法 回顾性分析2001年至2005年收治的16例PCNSL的临床特征、影像资料及治疗方法与结果.结果 16例患者均经手术病理确诊,术中全切9例,次全切除5例,大部分切除2例.11例手术患者于术后2周辅以放射治疗,6例病人予以化疗,采用CHOP方案.术后除1例因反复术野出血早期死亡外,其他病例临床症状均得到不同程度的缓解.12例随访3-60个月,目前仍有3例存活,采用手术+放化疗的综合治疗措施病例生存时间比单一治疗方法生存时间长.结论 PCNSL临床症状及影像学无特征性,诊断困难,误诊率高.手术病理检查是重要的诊断方法,手术+放化疗的综合治疗措施是延长病人生存时间的有效方法,手术仍为PCNSL的重要治疗手段.     

原发性中枢神经系统淋巴瘤的诊断和治疗

目的 探讨原发性中枢神经系统淋巴瘤的诊断、治疗和预后.方法 对6例经开颅、立体定向活检或神经内镜手术后病理证实的中枢神经系统淋巴瘤患者的临床资料及预后情况进行回顾性分析.结果 所有病例均为单发病变,其中病灶位于胼胝体者2例,左尾状核者1例,左额叶者1例,右小脑者1例,前颅窝底及视神经管者1例,经开颅手术切除＋地塞米松治疗者2例,经开颅手术切除＋地塞米松＋放疗者1例,经开颅手术＋甲强龙＋甲氨蝶呤治疗者1例,经立体定向活检者＋甲强龙＋甲氨蝶呤治疗者1例,经神经内镜手术＋甲强龙＋甲氨蝶呤治疗者1例,随访3～25个月,病灶完全消失者5例,病灶显著缩小者1例,随访期间无死亡病例.结论 原发性中枢神经系统淋巴瘤的诊断建议以立体定向活检取病理为主,推荐激素＋化疗＋放疗等为主的综合治疗.     

原发性中枢神经系统恶性淋巴瘤的诊断与治疗

目的探讨原发性中枢神经系统恶性淋巴瘤（PCNSL）的临床特征及诊疗经验。方法回顾性分析13例确诊为PCNSL患者的临床资料。结果11例经立体定向穿刺活检,2例经手术切除病理确诊。术后均接受放疗和化疗。随访3例分别死于确诊后3月、11月、18月,2例存活已超过3年,2例已超过2年,2例已超过1年,确诊不到1年的4例生存良好。结论对影像学高度怀疑PCNSL的病人主张选择立体定向穿刺活检确诊,对有脑疝倾向或脑疝的病人仍需要开颅手术切除肿瘤。确诊后,以小剂量放疗＋化疗的综合治疗疗效较好。     

原发性中枢神经系统淋巴瘤的诊断和治疗

原发性中枢神经系统淋巴瘤（primary central nervous system lymphomas,PCNSL）是指发生于大脑、小脑、脑干、眼、软脑膜和脊髓等部位的非霍奇金病,而在身体其它部位未发现非霍奇金病病变。PCNSL是临床少见的恶性肿瘤。     

Treatment of primary central nervous system lymphoma

Primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) is a rare form of extranodal non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma that is typically confined to brain, eyes, and cerebrospinal fluid without evidence of systemic spread. The prognosis of patients with PCNSL has improved during the past decade with the introduction of high-dose methotrexate with or without whole brain radiotherapy. However, despite recent progress, results following treatment are durable in few patients, and therapy can be associated with late neurotoxicity. PCNSL is an uncommon tumor, and no phase III trial has been completed so far, leaving many questions about its optimum first-line and salvage treatments unanswered. This review summarizes the literature regarding the treatment of PCNSL in immuno-competent patients.     

Management of primary central nervous system lymphoma

Primary CNS lymphoma is the malignant brain tumor whose prognosis has improved the most the two past decades. The majority of the patients achieve a complete remission with treatment and a substantial minority may hope to be cured. The treatment includes high-dose methotrexate polychemotherapy combined or not with whole brain radiotherapy (WBRT). Elderly patients who are exposed to a high risk of treatment induced neurotoxicity need a specific management avoiding or defering WBRT. In young patients, the main questions concerning the treatment are the role of consolidation WBRT and intensive chemotherapy with peripheral blood stem cell rescue in the initial treatment of PCNSL. As recently shown, national and international collaborative efforts make now possible randomized trials for this rare disease, which would contribute to better define the treatment strategy. New insights in PCNSL tumorigenesis would help to better understand the heterogeneity of outcome and to develop efficient targeted therapies.     

Update on primary central nervous system lymphoma

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Primary central nervous system lymphoma is a rare form of extranodal non-Hodgkin's lymphoma that is confined to the central nervous system and eye. Numerous studies examining this disorder have been published in the past 2 years. This review will discuss recent advances in the understanding of the pathology, radiographic appearance, and treatment of this disorder. RECENT FINDINGS: Novel treatment regimens continue to be studied for newly diagnosed and recurrent primary central nervous system lymphoma. As overall survival improves, the burden of late neurotoxicity has become more apparent. Neuropsychological testing of patients treated with chemoradiation shows significant cognitive deficits that can be attributed to whole brain irradiation. Standardization of phase II clinical trials across individual institutions remains an important goal within the oncology community. The International Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma Collaborative Group (IPCG) has proposed guidelines for the baseline evaluation and response criteria for clinical trials of the disorder. In addition, series of patients with uncommon histological variants of primary central nervous system lymphoma have been published. SUMMARY: In 2005, the optimal treatment for primary central nervous system lymphoma remains undefined. Treatment of newly diagnosed disease should include methotrexate-based chemotherapy but the role of irradiation and intrathecal chemotherapy remain unclear. Salvage therapy for progressive or recurrent primary central nervous system lymphoma is an area of active interest but no standard recommendations exist at the present time. Future studies on the biology of recurrent primary central nervous system lymphoma should help to clarify treatment options for these patients.     

原发性中枢神经系统淋巴瘤的诊治及误诊分析

目的 探讨原发性中枢神经系统淋巴瘤(PCNSL)的诊治及误诊原因.方法 回顾性分析经术后病理证实的19例PCNSL患者的临床资料.结果 PCNSL以中老年人多见,临床表现复杂多样,病程短,病情进展快.MRI增强扫描病灶多呈均匀明显强化,可单发或多发.19例中术前MRI诊断正确者10例,误诊9例,误诊率为47％.单纯手术7例,术后全脑放疗8例,联合放化疗4例,联合治疗的患者中位生存期明显延长.结论 PCNSL单纯手术治疗效果较差,采用包括手术和放化疗在内的综合治疗可提高疗效.PCNSL临床表现无特征性,影像学特征不典型,是导致误诊的主要原因.     

原发性中枢神经系统淋巴瘤诊疗进展

原发性中枢神经系统淋巴瘤(PCNSL)是一种罕见的结外非霍奇金淋巴瘤,可累及脑,眼、软脑膜以及脊髓,具有高度侵袭性.PCNSL对放化疗及免疫治疗敏感,但单方案常短期内复发.目前公认的治疗包括诱导治疗和巩固治疗.本文就原发性中枢神经系统淋巴瘤的发病、进展以及治疗的研究进展做一综述.     

29例原发性中枢神经系统淋巴瘤的诊断与治疗

目的探讨原发性中枢神经系统淋巴瘤（PCNSL）的诊断、治疗及效果。方法收治29例经病理证实的PCNSL患者，根据治疗方法的不同分为3组：6例患者肿瘤切除范围较小（包括2例活检），因颅高压不能承受进一步的治疗；7例术后接受放疗；16例术后接受放疗＋化疗的综合治疗。出院后皆随访。结果单纯手术治疗者平均生存时间3．20个月，手术＋放疗和手术＋放疗＋化疗者平均生存时间分刖为32及40个月，综合治疗效果显著提高（P〈0．05）。结论单纯手术不能有效控制PCNSL的发展，术后及时辅以放疗和（或）化疗可显著延长患者的生存时间。手术应以充分降低颅内压为目的，使患者能承受进一步的放疗和化疗。     

原发性中枢神经系统淋巴瘤临床分析

原发性中枢神经系统淋巴瘤（primary central nervous system lymphoma, PCNSL）约占所有颅内肿瘤的1％～3％，起病急，病程短，恶性度高，预后差。现将我院自1994年6月～2005年12月收治的15例PCNSL报告如下：     

原发性中枢神经系统淋巴瘤诊断与治疗新认识

原发性中枢神经系统淋巴瘤(PCHSL)是一种临床少见的结外非霍奇会淋巴瘤(NHL),主要侵犯脑实质,亦有少数累及脑脊膜、脊髓和眼,占非霍奇金淋巴瘤的1%~2%和原发性中枢神经系统肿瘤的3.10%1,2].我们已经知道:(1)免疫缺陷是原发性中枢神经系统淋巴瘤肯定的危险因素,其在获得性免疫缺陷综合征(AIDS)人群中的发病率是普通人群的数千倍[3],在其他类型免疫缺陷患者和长期服用免疫抑制剂患者中亦高发[4].(2)免疫功能正常的     

Delayed neurotoxicity in primary central nervous system lymphoma

BACKGROUND: Treatment for primary central nervous lymphoma (PCNSL) with chemotherapy and radiotherapy has resulted in improved survival, but some patients develop neurologic deterioration that represents a treatment-related toxic effect. This delayed neurotoxicity has been poorly defined in the literature, and the underlying mechanisms are unknown. OBJECTIVE: To describe the clinical findings, time course, and pathophysiologic mechanisms associated with neurotoxicity in an attempt to generate hypotheses for future studies that address prevention and treatment of this complication of successful PCNSL therapy. DESIGN: Retrospective review. SETTING: Department of Neurology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center. PATIENTS: One hundred eighty-five patients treated for PCNSL, including 43 who developed neurotoxicity. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Potential risk factors, clinical course, and neuropsychological, neuroimaging, and histologic findings. RESULTS: The 5-year cumulative incidence of neurotoxicity was 24%; this incidence increases over time. Neurotoxicity presented as a rapidly progressive subcortical dementia characterized by psychomotor slowing, executive and memory dysfunction, behavioral changes, gait ataxia, and incontinence. Imaging findings revealed diffuse white matter disease and cortical-subcortical atrophy. Available autopsy data showed white matter damage with gliosis, thickening of small vessels, and demyelination. Statistical analyses were performed, accounting for death as a competing risk. Older age (P = .01), mental status changes at diagnosis (P = .04), female sex (P = .05), and radiotherapy (P<.001) predicted neurotoxicity on univariate analysis, but only radiotherapy remained significant in the multivariate setting. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that the core pathophysiologic mechanism is the interruption of frontal-subcortical circuits mediated by radiation damage, possibly caused by progressive microvascular alterations, loss of oligodendrocyte progenitors, or oxidative stress.     

Chemotherapy is effective as early treatment for primary central nervous system lymphoma

Primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) is a lymphoma arising within the brain or spinal cord in the absence of evident localisation outside the central nervous system (CNS). Poor results in the management of relapsed PCNSL justify the need for vigorous initial therapeutic regimens, and chemotherapy should not be reserved for recurrent disease. Chemotherapy (M-BACOD scheme) was delivered prior to irradiation in a group of 20 PCNSL patients, another 8 PCNSL patients underwent radiotherapy only, and the overall survival was evaluated. Computed tomography (CT) images in the group of patients treated with chemotherapy, showed there to be 70% complete responders (CR), 15% non-responders (NR) and 15% partial responders (PR). Half of the CR were scheduled for radiotherapy only at tumour recurrence. The median disease-free period and survival time of the whole group treated with early chemotherapy followed by radiotherapy were 24 and 32 months, respectively, but in the subgroup of CR (70%), taking into account also the patients not yet receiving radiotherapy, these were 38 and 48 months, respectively. The disease-free and survival times in the group of CR (75%) of patients treated with radiotherapy only were 13 and 18 months, respectively. At tumour recurrence, CR to chemotherapy had a second disease-free period longer than 2 years after radiotherapy. Our data support the belief that in scheduling the treatment of PCNSL after histological diagnosis, the first step is to devise high-dose chemotherapy with drugs able to cross an intact blood-brain barrier. The results of our primary approach with early chemotherapy in PCNSL support a consensus to continue chemotherapy until tumour recurrence, and only at that event to initiate radiotherapy. It is a challenge and an option worthy of continuing investigation. Received: 12 August 1997 Received in revised form: 14 April 1998 Accepted: 26 April 1998     

Retinopathy in survivors of primary central nervous system lymphoma

Radiation retinopathy is a well-known complication of irradiation for diseases of the globe, orbit, or neighboring tissues but is rare after whole-brain radiation therapy (WBRT), even though the treatment port includes the posterior retina. We describe five patients with long-term primary CNS lymphoma who were diagnosed with retinopathy several years after treatment with chemotherapy and WBRT.