Interstrain peculiarities of the secondary immune response in mice

CBA, CC57BR, C57B1/6, BALB/c, and outbred white mice were intraperitoneally or subcutaneously (C57B1/6 strain) immunized with sheep red cells in a dose optimal for the development of delayed-type hypersensitivity but subthreshold for antibody production. Seven days later the mice were reimmunized with sheep red cells in various doses subcutaneously (CBA, C57B1/6, BALB/c, outbred mice) or intraperitoneally (CBA, CC57BR, outbred mice), and 5 days after reimmunization the intensity of antibody production and delayed-type hypersensitivity was assessed. Intact mice were controls. The immunization was found to selectively enhance delayed-type hypersensitivity in C57B1/6, CC57BR, and BALB/c mice and to intensify antibody production in CBA mice; both phenomena were observed in outbred mice. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 118, N ^o 11, pp. 499–501, November, 1994 Presented by K. P. Kashkin, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Genotypic,sex, and age differences in the clastogenic action of cyclophosphamide in mice

Interstrain genotypic, sex, and age differences in the clastogenic action of cyclophosphamide in various doses are established for C57B1/6, MRL/1, and BALB/c mice. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 120, N ^o , pp. 387–390, October, 1995     

Effect of dioxydine and cyclophosphane on lipid peroxidation and superoxide dismutase and catalase activities in C57Bl/6 and BALB/c mice

Twenty-four hours after intraperitoneal injection of cyclophosphane (40 mg/kg) and dioxydine (300 mg/kg) to C57Bl/6 mice, liver catalase activity dropped by 29 and 23%, respectively. In BALB/c mice, dioxydine (but not cyclophosphane) reduced catalase activity by 24%. Superoxide dismutase activity was lowered by cyclophosphane (but not dioxydine) in BALB/c mice, and by both dioxydine and cyclophosphane in C57Bl/6 mice (by 24 and 86%, respectively). The level of 2-thiobarbituric acid (TBA)-reactive lipid peroxidation (LPO) products in the liver of BALB/c mice treated with cyclophosphane and dioxydine increased 1.4- and 2.1-fold, respectively, while in C57Bl/6 mice it did not differ from the control. The initial rate ofin vitro-induced LPO in BALB/c mice receiving cyclophosphane and dioxydine increased 1.5- and 4-fold, respectively. In C57Bl/6 mice both cyclophosphane and dioxydine inhibited the accumulation of TBA-reactive LPO products. On the whole, animals of the C57Bl/6 strain are more resistant to the LPO-inducing action of mutagens than BALB/c mice, despite the fact that the latter are characterized by a higher activity of antioxidant enzymes. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 121, No. 5, pp. 528–532, May, 1996     

Role of reversible phosphorylation in genetically determined polymorphism for cerebral tryptophan hydroxylase

Experiments carried out to study thein vitro effects of phosphorylation and dephosphorylation on the activity of the key enzyme of serotonin biosynthesis, tryptophan hydroxylase, from the brain of C57B1 and BALB mice revealed a higher level of endogenous phosphorylation of the enzyme in the brain of BALB mice. The higher maximal activity of the enzyme derived from the brain of C57B1 mice appears to reflect increased expression of tryptophan hydroxylase in the brain of animals of this strain in comparison with BALB. It is possible that interstrain differences in cerebral tryptophan hydroxylase activity are caused mainly by two genetically determined factors: enzyme expression and its reversible phosphorylation. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 119, N ^o 1, pp. 67–68, January, 1995 Presented by V. P. Kaznacheev, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Effect of benzodiazepines on synaptosomal Ca2+ transport in mice with different phenotype of emotional stress reactions

The effects of 5 benzodiazepines on basal and K⁺-induced Ca²⁺ concentration in synaptoneurosomes from intact and stressed C57B1/6 and BALB/c mice were studiedin vitro. Membrane depolarization induced by low KCl concentrations produced different effects on Ca²⁺ accumulation by synaptoneurosomes from two mouse strains. Benzodiazepines appliedin vitro exerted no effects on Ca²⁺ influx. In synaptoneurosomes from both C57B1/6 and BALB/c mice exposed to emotional stress diazepam in a dose of 5 mg/kg reduced the basal and K⁺-induced Ca²⁺ accumulation. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 129, No. 3, pp. 304–305, March, 2000     

Individual variations of the immune response in BALB/c mice

The nature and the causes of variations of the immune response to thyroid hormones are analyzed in BALB/c mice. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 119, N ^o 1, pp. 80–82, January, 1995 (Presented by Yu. A. Romanov, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences)     

Time course of the content of cellular elements in the peritoneal exudate of BALB/c mice infected with coxsackievirus A13

Coxsackievirus A13 is shown to suppress macrophage exudation into the peritoneal cavity of adult male BALB/c mice. The influence of the infection on the counts of lymphocytes and polymorphonuclear leukocytes is less expressed. The detected changes are regarded as a manifestation of the immunomodulating action of coxsackievirus A13 infection. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 120, N ^o 7, pp. 75–77, July, 1995 Presented by V. P. Kaznacheev, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Lymphocytes from mice with a 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2, 3,6-tetrahydropyridine(MPTP)-induced parkinsonian syndrome reduce motor activity in C57Bl/6 mice

Motor activity of C57Bl/6 mice is found to be decreased following syngeneic transfer to them of splenocytes from mice with an MPTP-induced parkinsonian syndrome. The decrease in motor activity does not result from the transfer of MPTP and is apparently associated with the transfer of B lymphocytes and with antibody production by these cells. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 117, N ^o 3, pp. 232–234, March, 1994     

Porphyromonas gingivalisvirulence in a murine lesion model: effects of immune alterations

This study utilized various mouse strains with documented alterations in immune system components to assess their contribution to modify the virulence ofPorphyromonas gingivalis. P. gingivalisW50 was cultivated on blood agar plates, harvested and used to challenge mice by subcutaneous injection on the dorsolateral surface of the back. Soft tissue lesion development was estimated by measuring the area of the spreading lesion formed by this microorganism over a period of 15 days. Challenge of various normal inbred and outbred mouse strains including: BALB/cN, BALB/cJ, BALB/c nu/+, ICR, B10.A(4R), B10.MBR, A/J, C57BL/6J, CBA/CaH, C.B-17/Icv Tacf DF and C3H/HeN with 2×10¹⁰bacteria showed similar lesion size among these strains (400 mm²). Genetically deficient mouse strains [C.B-17/Icr Tac (SCID); DBA/2 (C5 deficient); BALB/c nu/nu (T cell deficient); CBA/CaHN-XID/J (B cell deficient) and C3H/HeJ (LPS hyporesponsive)] demonstrated a lesion size which was similar to normal animals. C57BL/6J-BgJ (NK cell deficient) mice exhibited a significantly more severe lesion than the other strains tested. Following healing of the lesions, we initiated a secondary infection of the surviving animals to estimate the acquisition of protective immunity following recovery from the primary infection. Normal mice demonstrated a delayed onset and decrease in lesion size of 15 to 30% compared with the primary infection. In contrast, each of the immunodeficient strains appeared unable to develop immune protection to the secondary challenge. The findings suggest that protection against primary infections withP. gingivalisare mediated by innate immune mechanisms (PMN. NK cells). Additionally, it appears that T-cell-dependent humoral responses are critical to developing immunity to subsequentP. gingivalisinfection.     

C57Bl/6 mice are more resistant to hypoxic hypoxia than BALB/c mice

C57B1/6 mice with low intensity of metabolic processes are more resistant to hypoxic hypoxia than BALB/c mice. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 128, No. 11, pp. 511–513, November, 1999     

Comparison of the specific binding of 17β-estradiol with receptor proteins in the cytosol fraction of uteruses of CBA and C57Bl/6 mice in the course of 1,2-dimethylhydrazine-induced carcinogenesis

The level of specific binding and affinity of 17β-estradiol for receptors in the cytosol fraction of uteruses of CBA and C57Bl/6 mice exposed to 1,2-dimethylhydrazine for a long time was studied. Estrogen receptors were studied by separating free and receptor-bound hormone with dextran-coated carbon. The theoretical number of sites of ligand binding with receptor protein and the level of free binding sites were shown to be higher in CBA mice sensitive to carcinogenesis induction in comparison with C57Bl/6 mice resistant to the carcinogen effect in both the experimental and control groups over the course of the experiment. The ligand affinity for receptor protein was more or less the same in all the groups. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 119, N ^o 1, pp. 58–62, January, 1995 Presented by N. N. Trapeznikov, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

In vivo cytogenetic effects of acrylamide, acrylonitryl, and their combination with verapamil

Acrylamide significantly increased the number of cells with chromosome aberrations in BALB/c and C57B1/6, but not in CBA mice. No difference was found between the BALB/c and C57B1/6 strains in the clastogenic effect of acrylamide. Within the studied concentration range acrylonitrile exerted no genotoxic effects. Verapamil significantly potentiated the clastogenic effect of acrylamide in BALB/c mice, while in C57B1/6 mice potentiation was observed only after the repeated intragastric administration of verapamil in a dose of 2.5 mg/kg. Acrylonitrile in combination with verapamil also produced a slight clastogenic effect after single and repeated administrations. Thein vivo comutagenic activity of verapamil depended on the dose, administration route and schedule, and genotype of experimental animals. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 128, No. 12, pp. 684–689, December, 1999     

Chemokines expression during Leptospira interrogans serovar Copenhageni infection in resistant BALB/c and susceptible C3H/HeJ mice

The role of innate immune responses in protection against leptospirosis remains unclear. We examined the expression of the chemokines CCL2/JE (MCP-1), CCL3/MIP-1α (MIP-1α) and CXCL1/KC (IL-8) regarding resistance and susceptibility to leptospirosis in experimental mice models BALB/c and C3H/HeJ, respectively. A virulent strain of Leptospira interrogans serovar Copenhageni was used in this study. Twenty-five animals of each mouse strain of C3H/HeJ and BALB/c, were infected intraperitoneally with 10⁶ cells. Five un-infected animals of each strain were kept as control. Mortality of C3H/HeJ mouse was observed while BALB/c mice were asymptomatic. The presence of leptospire DNA in tissues of infected animals was demonstrated by PCR. Chemokines were measured in serum, spleen, liver, kidney and lung of both strains of animals using immunoenzymatic assay (ELISA). Elevations in the levels of chemokines MCP-1 and IL-8 occurred in all organs and sera of C3H/HeJ and BALB/c infected mice. The levels of MIP-1α were lower when compared to MCP-1 and IL-8 in all analyzed organs, with a slight increase in liver and kidney. Our results indicate that the expression of inflammatory mediators can vary greatly, depending on the tissue and mouse strains. It is possible that the resistance to Leptospira can be partially correlated to the increase of MIP-1α observed in BALB/c mice, while an increasing and a sustained expression of MCP-1 and IL-8 in the lungs of C3H/HeJ mice can be correlated to the severity and progression of leptospirosis.     

Selection of anxious mice by a three-stage test in an elevated T-maze

Daily testing of SHR and C57Bl/6 mice during 3 days shows an increase of the number of mice with a high level of anxiety, which was determined according to the ratio of the number of entries into the light arms to the total sum of entries into the light and dark arms of an elevated T-maze. Such results were obtained after 3 testings every 3 days in C57Bl/6 but not in SHR mice. This procedure is proposed for the selection of anxious individuals as objects for an anxiety model. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 121, N ^o 3, pp. 355–356, March, 1996 Presented by S. N. Golikov, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Hereditary cardiomyopathy in W/SSM rats: Biochemical mechanisms of development

One mechanism shown to be responsible for the occurrence of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in rats of the W/SSM strain, in which this disease is genetically determined, is impairment of cellular membrane integrity resulting from increased hexose transport to cells, generation of hydroxyl radicals, and intensified lipid peroxidation. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 120, N ^o 8, pp. 151–154, August, 1995     

The role of interleukine-12 in protection induced by CpG ODN against Listeria monocytogenes in BALB/c and C57BL/6

Synthetic oligodeoxynucleotides containing CpG motifs have several immune effects such as cytokine production in normal mice. In this study, we demonstrated the protective effect of CpG ODN against Listeria monocytogenes in BALB/c and C57BL/6. With a single dose of 40 μg/mouse of CpG ODN 48 h before bacterial challenge, protection was achieved in both strains of mice based on survival rates compared with controls. Serum IL-12 from each mouse was measured by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), at day 0 (48 h after CpG treatment) and at days 5, 11, and 15 after bacterial challenge. It was shown that serum IL-12 was only elevated at day 0 in BALB/c mice. However, for C57BL/6 mice, IL-12 was elevated at days 0, 5, and 11. These data support the hypothesis that CpG DNA motifs activate protective innate immune defenses.     

Isoforms of alkaline phosphatase from mouse internal organs after bilateral adrenalectomy

The activity of alkaline phosphatase of female CBA and BALB/c mice is studied after bilateral adrenalectomy. Interstrain differences in enzyme activity are revealed in some organs of the control and experimental animals. The expression of new isoforms of alkaline phosphatase in hypocorticoidism is demonstrated. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 121, N ^o 3 pp. 262–264, March, 1996 Presented by V. P. Kaznacheev, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

The effect of some botanical preparations on the production of lymphocyte-activating factor by mouse macrophages after rotation stress

It is found that a short-term rotation stress triggers the production of lymphocyte-activating factors by peritoneal macrophages of (CBA×C57BI/6), F₁ mice and raises blood levels of interleukin-1α and corticosterone. Botanical preparations administered to unstressed animals induce no secretion of lymphocyte-activating factors by macrophages and do not change blood levels of interleukin-1α and corticosterone. The herbals limit the stress-induced production of lymphocyte-activating factors by peritoneal macrophages. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 121, N ^o 2, pp. 135–138, February, 1996 Presented by I. P. Ashmarin, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

The Mode of Inheritance of a Defect in Lamination in the Hippocampus of BALB/c Mice

In BALB/c mice the lamination of the pyramidal cell layer of area CA3c of the hippocampus is abnormal in that early-generated neurons are superficial and late-generated neurons are deep. To determine the mode of inheritance of this strain difference, the laminar distribution of mossy fibers and hippocampal pyramidal cells was examined using the Timm's sulfide silver method in BALB/c C57BL/6 Fl and F2 hybrids, in BALB/cByJ and C57BL/6J mice which were fostered to females of the other strain before receiving their first meal, and in the CXB series of recombinant inbred strains (originally derived using BALB/c and C57BL/6 as progenitor strains). The pattern of hippocampal lamination was classified as “BALB/c-like” if pyramidal cells were present below an iwrapyramidal mossy fiber layer or as “B6-like” if only an infra-pyramidal mossy fiber layer was present. In both male and female CB6F1 and B6CF1 hybrids the distribution of mossy fibers is BALB/c-Iike. In 7 of 9 F2 hybrids the distribution was BALB/c-like and in the remaining 2 B6-like. In the cross-fostered mice the pattern was always the same as normally raised mice of the same genotype. Of the recombinant inbred strains, 5 (CXBD, CXBG, CXBH, CXBI, and CXBK) had BALB/c-like hippocampal lamination and 2 (CXBE and CXBJ) had B6-like lamination. These results are consistent with inheritance by means of a single autosomal dominant (or semi-dominant) gene. The provisional name “Hippocampal “lamination defect” and gene symbol Hid are suggested. The Hid mutation is only the third known neurological mutation in mice which apparently affects neuronal migration, and the fact that it affects only a single subdivision of the hippocampus indicates that Hid may be a useful tool for future studies of the development of the central nervous system and particularly of the cell biology of neuronal migration and neuronal specificity.