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1.
Objective
The objective was to compare weight-bias attitudes among treatment-seeking obese patients with and without binge eating disorder (BED vs. NBO) and to explore racial and sex differences and correlates of weight-bias attitudes.Method
Participants included 221 obese patients (169 female, 52 male) seeking treatment for weight and eating, recruited through primary care settings; of these, 168 patients met BED criteria. Patients completed semi-structured interviews and psychometrically established self-report measures of attitudes about obesity, eating pathology and depression.Results
Main effects for group (BED vs. NBO) and race (White vs. African American) were significant. Patients with BED had significantly higher levels of negative attitudes towards obesity than NBO patients, while African American patients had significantly lower levels of weight bias than did White patients. Greater negative attitudes towards obesity were significantly correlated with higher levels of depression and eating pathology for all patients.Conclusions
Endorsement of negative weight bias was related to binge eating status, race, disordered eating, and depression. Primary care providers should be aware of weight biases among their patients. 相似文献2.
Kerstin K. Blomquist Emily B. Ansell Marney A. White Robin M. Masheb Carlos M. Grilo 《Comprehensive psychiatry》2012
Objective
The aim of the present study was to explore associations between specific interpersonal constructs and the developmental progression of behaviors leading to binge eating disorder (BED).Method
Eighty-four consecutively evaluated, treatment-seeking obese (body mass index ≥ 30 kg/m2) men and women with BED were assessed with structured diagnostic and clinical interviews and completed a battery of established measures to assess the current and developmental eating- and weight-related variables as well as interpersonal functioning.Results
Using the interpersonal circumplex structural summary method, amplitude, elevation, the affiliation dimension, and the quadratic coefficient for the dominance dimension were associated with eating- and weight-related developmental variables. The amplitude coefficient and more extreme interpersonal problems on the dominance dimension (quadratic)—that is, problems with being extremely high (domineering) or low in dominance (submissive)—were significantly associated with a younger age at onset of binge eating, BED, and overweight as well as accounted for significant variance in age at binge eating, BED, and overweight onset. Greater interpersonal problems with having an overly affiliative interpersonal style were significantly associated with and accounted for significant variance in a younger age at diet onset.Discussion
Findings provide further support for the importance of interpersonal problems among adults with BED and converge with recent work highlighting the importance of specific types of interpersonal problems for understanding heterogeneity and different developmental trajectories of individuals with BED. 相似文献3.
Valentina Ivezaj Roushig Kalebjian Carlos M. Grilo Rachel D. Barnes 《Journal of psychosomatic research》2014
Objective
To examine weight change trajectories among overweight and obese patients with binge eating disorder (BED) versus without (NBO) during the year prior to seeking treatment.Methods
Participants were 97 (75 women, 22 men) overweight and obese patients recruited for the same weight-loss treatment in primary care; 26 (27%) met DSM-5 BED criteria. Participants were assessed with the Eating Disorder Examination and completed self-report questionnaires about their weight histories and the Beck Depression Inventory-II.Results
Participants' self-reported current weight and measured current weight were significantly correlated and did not statistically differ. Reported weight changes during the year prior to seeking treatment differed significantly by group: BED patients gained an average of 18.3 lb (8.2 kg) whereas NBO patients gained an average of 1.5 lb (0.7 kg). Among BED patients, but not NBO, weight change during the prior year was positively correlated with greater eating-disorder psychopathology, binge-eating frequency, frequency of overeating at lunch and dinner, and depression scores. For the overall group, BED status and binge-eating frequency each made independent significant contributions to predicting weight change in the past year.Conclusion
Findings suggest BED patients are gaining considerably more weight during the year prior to treatment than NBO patients. BED treatment may interrupt a steep weight gain trajectory and prevent further weight gain for BED patients suggesting need for early intervention. Primary care physicians should screen for BED when overweight and obese patients present with rapid weight gain. 相似文献4.
Objective
Prolactin levels have been shown to be increased by different types of psychosocial stress. Since burnout is a consequence of long-term psychosocial stress, prolactin levels might also be affected in burnout. The aim of this study was to investigate whether there are differences in prolactin levels between individuals who report burnout and others.Method
Morning fasting serum prolactin levels were compared between individuals who reported burnout (24 men and 25 women) and individuals who reported no burnout (25 men and 13 women). Women were tested in the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle. Men and women were analysed separately.Results
Men who reported burnout exhibited significantly higher (34%) serum prolactin levels compared to men who reported no burnout. The prolactin levels in women who reported burnout were not different from the levels in the women who reported no burnout before or after adjusting for estradiol levels.Conclusions
This study indicates that prolactin levels are higher in men with burnout than men without burnout but not affected in women with burnout. Why no association was seen in women needs to be further explored. 相似文献5.
Tomoko Udo Sherry A. McKeeMarney A. White Robin M. MashebRachel D. Barnes Carlos M. Grilo 《Journal of psychosomatic research》2014
Objective
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is strongly linked with cardiovascular disease and type-II diabetes, but there has been debate over which metabolic measures constitute MetS. Obese individuals with binge eating disorder (BED) are one of the high risk populations for developing MetS due to their excess weight and maladaptive eating patterns, yet, the clustering patterns of metabolic measures have not been examined in this patient group.Methods
347 adults (71.8% women) were recruited for treatment studies for obese individuals with BED. We used the VARCLUS procedure in the Statistical Analysis System (SAS) to investigate the clustering pattern of metabolic risk measures.Results
The analysis yielded four factors: obesity (body-mass-index [BMI] and waist circumference), lipids (HDL and triglycerides), blood pressure (systolic and diastolic blood pressure), and glucose regulation (fasting serum glucose and Hb1Ac). The four factors accounted for 84% of the total variances, and variances explained by each factor were not substantially different. There was no inter-correlation between the four factors. Subgroup analyses by sex and by race (Caucasian vs. African American) yielded the same four-factor structure.Conclusion
The factor structure of MetS in obese individuals with BED is not different from those found in normative population studies. This factor structure may be applicable to the diverse population. 相似文献6.
Davis C Levitan RD Yilmaz Z Kaplan AS Carter JC Kennedy JL 《Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry》2012,38(2):328-335
Objective
While the study of binge eating disorder (BED) has burgeoned in the past decade, an understanding of its neurobiological underpinnings is still in the early stages. Previous research suggests that BED may be an overeating syndrome characterized by a hyper-responsiveness to reward, and a strong dopamine signaling in the neuro-circuitry that regulates pleasure and appetitive behaviors. We investigated the D2 receptors genes (DRD2/ANKK1) and their relation to the BED phenotype and four sub-phenotypes of BED that reflect an enhanced response to positive food stimuli.Methods
In a sample of 230 obese adults with and without BED, we genotyped five functional markers of the D2 receptor: rs1800497, rs1799732, rs2283265, rs12364283, and rs6277, and assessed binge eating, emotional eating, hedonic eating, and food craving from dimensionally-scored, self-report questionnaires.Results
Compared to weight-matched controls, BED was significantly related to the rs1800497 and rs6277 genotypes that reflect enhanced dopamine neurotransmission. BED participants were also less likely to carry the minor T allele of rs2283265. The same markers related to the sub-phenotypes of BED with rs1800497 showing the strongest effects in the predicted direction.Conclusions
This study supports the view that BED may be a condition that has its causal origins in a hypersensitivity to reward — a predisposition that is likely to foster overeating in our current environment with abundant availability of highly palatable and calorically-dense processed foods. 相似文献7.
Astrid Müller Christina Brandl Wibke Kiunke Ekaterini Georgiadou Thomas Horbach Hinrich Köhler Martina de Zwaan 《Comprehensive psychiatry》2014
Objective
The objective of this study was to explore whether or not obese patients with and without regular binge eating differ with regard to their decision-making abilities.Methods
Decision-making was measured by using a computerized version of the Iowa Gambling task (IGT) in 34 obese patients with regular binge eating (BE+) and 34 obese individuals without binge eating (BE−) matched for age and sex. In addition, computerized versions of the Auditory Verbal Learning Test and the Corsi Block Tapping Test were administered. Participants further answered questionnaires concerning eating disorder symptoms (Eating Disorder Examination-Questionnaire) and depression (Patient Health Questionnaire depression scale).Results
The BE+ group reported more eating disorder and depressive symptoms than the BE− group but did not differ with regard to BMI, working memory deficits, depressive symptoms, somatic comorbidity (i.e., hypertension, diabetes, sleep apnea, hyperlipidemia, pain disorder), or education. Binge eating participants showed poorer decision-making abilities based on the total IGT net scores. However, they did not differ from those without regular binge eating in improving their choice behavior over the task.Conclusions
The group difference in total IGT net scores suggests more general, food-independent decision making problems in obese individuals with regular binge eating compared to those without. Treatment of obese patients with BED could be enhanced by training them to better control risky decisions, to delay gratification in an effortful way and to activate appropriate alternative behaviors. 相似文献8.
Bruno Palazzo Nazar Raphael Suwwan Camilla Moreira de Sousa Pinna Monica Duchesne Silvia Regina Freitas Joseph Sergeant Paulo Mattos 《Comprehensive psychiatry》2014
Objective
Previous studies have reported higher prevalence rates of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) both in eating disorders (ED) and in obese patients. We compared the psychiatric comorbidity profile of obese ADHD women with non-ADHD obese women and how ADHD symptoms impact in binge eating behaviors.Design
Cross-sectional study of a clinical sample.Subjects
171 adult women were evaluated at a specialized clinic in obesity and ED.Measurements
Participants complete a semi-structured interview and psychopathology rating scales. A hierarchical regression model was employed to predict binge eating behavior.Results
Obese ADHD patients had a larger number of psychiatric comorbidities (p < 0.001), especially Substance Abuse Disorders, and higher scores on psychopathology rating scales (p < 0.05). The highest prediction for binge eating in the regression model was the presence of depressive symptoms, followed by ADHD inattention symptoms and trait-impulsivity.Conclusion
ADHD should be routinely evaluated in obese since it is related with more severe psychopathology. Depressive symptoms can predict the presence of binge eating in obese patients. 相似文献9.
Julia Fandiño Carolina Preissler Marcelo Papelbaum Jose C. Appolinario 《Comprehensive psychiatry》2010,51(2):110
Objective
Our objective was to evaluate the psychopathological profile of obese women with binge eating disorder (BED) using the Symptom Checklist-90 (SCL-90).Methods
Two hundred twelve obese women who seek for weight loss treatment were sequentially selected to participate in the study. Binge eating disorder was diagnosed using the Structured Clinical Interview for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition. Binge eating disorder severity was assessed using Binge Eating Scale. Depressive symptoms were assessed using Beck Depression Inventory. The psychopathological profile was assessed using the SCL-90.Results
Binge eating disorder was diagnosed in 54 patients (26.6%). Obese patients with BED presented significant higher scores in all domains of SCL-90 (P < .05 for all) in comparison with obese patients without BED. A significant relationship was found among Binge Eating Scale, Beck Depression Inventory, and all domains of the SCL-90 (P < .05 for all). After linear regression, obsessivity-compulsivity (P = .03), interpersonal sensitivity (P = .0064), paranoid ideas (P = .03), and psychoticism (P = .01) were independently related to the severity of BED.Conclusion
Obese women with BED presented a more severe psychopathological profile than obese controls. Among all, obsessivity-compulsivity, interpersonal sensitivity, paranoid ideas, and psychoticism seem to be strongly linked to BED severity. 相似文献10.
Julia Elba de Souza Ferreira Paulo Roberto Borges de Souza Jr. Rosana Salles da Costa Rosely Sichieri Gloria Valeria da Veiga 《Psychiatry research》2013
Objective
To examine the prevalence of disordered eating behaviors among adolescents and adults living in the same household.Methods
We conducted a population-based cross-sectional study developed with a probabilistic sample of 511 adolescents and 1254 adults living in the metropolitan area of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The frequency of binge eating, purging, and strict dieting or fasting over the previous 6 months was ascertained using a self-report questionnaire.Results
Binge eating (20.0% vs. 8.4%), strict dieting or fasting (18.9% vs. 2.4%), and purging (3.3% vs. 2.2%) were more frequent among adolescents than adults. There was a significant association between frequency of binge eating and strict dieting or fasting in adults and in adolescents living in the same household.Conclusion
The presence of disordered eating behaviors in adults may be a risk factor for the development of eating disorders in adolescents living in the same household. Thus, the development and implementation of eating disorder interventions should consider incorporating a family component. 相似文献11.
Objective
To examine the significance of parental histories of substance use disorders (SUDs) in the expression of binge eating disorder (BED) and associated functioning.Method
Participants were 127 overweight patients with BED assessed using diagnostic interviews. Participants were administered a structured psychiatric history interview about their parents (N = 250) and completed a battery of questionnaires assessing current and historical eating and weight variables and associated psychological functioning (depression and self-esteem).Results
Patients with BED with a parental history of SUD were significantly more likely to start binge eating before dieting, had a significantly earlier age at BED onset, and reported less time between binge eating onset and meeting diagnostic criteria for BED than did patients without a parental history of SUD. For psychiatric comorbidity, patients with BED with a parental history of SUD were significantly more likely to meet the criteria for a mood disorder. A parental history of SUD was not significantly associated with variability in current levels of binge eating, eating disorder psychopathology, or psychological functioning.Discussion
Our findings suggest that a parental history of SUD is associated with certain distinct trajectories in the development of binge eating (earlier binge onset predating dieting onset) and with elevated rates of comorbidity with mood disorders in patients with BED. 相似文献12.
Scott D. Litwack Karen S. Mitchell Denise M. Sloan Annemarie F. Reardon Mark W. Miller 《General hospital psychiatry》2014
Objective
Eating disorder (ED) symptoms have gone mostly unexamined among veterans. The current study assessed rates of bulimia nervosa (BN) and binge eating disorder (BED) symptoms and diagnoses and their associations with common comorbidities among male and female veterans.Method
Participants were US military veterans who screened positive for trauma histories and/or a probable Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 4th Edition (DSM-IV) posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) diagnosis (n= 499). Symptoms of PTSD were assessed using the Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale, and symptoms of EDs, mood, and substance use disorders were assessed using the Structured Clinical Interview for the DSM-IV.Results
Lifetime rates of BN and BED diagnoses were comparable to civilian populations, and a considerable range of lifetime and current BN and BED symptoms were identified. In multivariate models, PTSD and depression severity were most consistently associated with BN and BED symptom severity, with depression most strongly associated with EDs for women.Conclusions
Findings highlight the importance of screening for ED symptoms among male and female veterans, particularly those that present with PTSD and depression symptomatology. Future examinations of the temporal order of such relationships and the degree to which ED symptoms and associated symptoms impact veteran functioning are warranted. 相似文献13.
Scott J. Crow Sonja A. Swanson Daniel le Grange Emily H. Feig Kathleen R. Merikangas 《Comprehensive psychiatry》2014
Background
Recent evidence suggests increased risk for mortality in bulimia nervosa (BN). However, little is yet known about suicidal behavior in BN.Aims
To examine frequency and correlates of suicidal ideation and attempts in adolescents and adults with BN in two population-based samples.Method
A total of 10,123 adolescents and 2980 adults in two nationally representative surveys of mental disorder were queried regarding eating disorder symptoms and suicidal ideation and attempts.Results
Less than 1 percent (0.9%) of adolescents and 1.0% of adults met the criteria for BN. Suicidal ideation was more common among adolescents with BN (53.0%) compared with those with binge eating disorder (BED) (34.4%), other psychopathology (21.3%) or no psychopathology (3.8%). Similar trends emerged for the association between BN and self-reported suicidal plans or attempts. Among adults, suicidality was more common in BN than in the no psychopathology group, but not significantly different from the anorexia nervosa (AN), BED, or other psychopathology subgroups.Conclusion
There is a high risk of suicidal ideation and behavior among those with BN. These results underscore the importance of addressing suicide risk in adolescents and adults with eating disorder symptoms. 相似文献14.
Objective
This study examined sex differences and eating disorder risk among psychiatric conditions, compulsive behaviors (i.e., gambling, suicide thoughts and attempts) and substance use in a nationally representative sample.Method
Data from participants of the Canadian Community Health Survey Cycle 1.2 who completed the Eating Attitudes Test (n= 5116) were analyzed. Sex differences were compared among psychiatric comorbidities according to eating disorder risk, binging, vomiting and dieting behavior. Poisson regression analysis provided prevalence ratios (PRs) of disordered eating adjusting for age, marital status, income, body mass index and recent distress.Results
Pronounced sex differences were associated with eating disorder risk (PRs 4.89–11.04; all P values < .0001). Findings of particular interest included significantly higher PRs for eating disorder risk in males associated with gambling (PR 5.07, P< .0001) and for females associated with steroid and inhalant use as well as suicide thoughts and attempts (PRs 5.40–5.48, all P values < .0001).Discussion
The findings from this detailed exploration of sex differences and eating disorder risk among psychiatric conditions, compulsive behaviors and substance use suggest that problem gambling, the use of inhalants and steroids and suicidal ideation in relationship to eating disorder risk warrant further investigation. 相似文献15.
Franca Franchi Eugenia Biguzzi Ida Martinelli Paolo Bucciarelli Claudia Palmucci Simona D’Agostino Flora Peyvandi 《Thrombosis research》2013
Introduction
Antithrombin (AT), protein C (PC) and protein S (PS) deficiencies are risk factors for venous thromboembolism. Overlapping values between heterozygous carriers and normal individuals often make a correct classification of a deficiency difficult. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of sex, age, menopause and hormone therapy on natural anticoagulant plasma levels in a large group of healthy individuals, and to evaluate the need of separate reference ranges.Materials and Methods
AT and PC were measured with a chromogenic assay, antigenic free PS with an ELISA test. To evaluate the effect of sex, age, oral contraception, hormonal status (and their interaction) on AT, PC and PS levels, linear regression models were used. Biological relevance and the value of the normal deviate z were chosen as rules to decide for separate reference ranges.Results
The study population consisted of 1837 healthy adult individuals (741 men, 1096 women), aged 18-85 years (median age: 44 years). In men AT levels decreased after the age of 50 years. Men had higher levels of PS than women, particularly at young ages. In women, after correction for menopause, only PC levels increased with age. Menopause affected AT and PS, but not PC levels. Oral contraceptive intake was associated with a decrease of AT and PS, and an increase of PC levels.Conclusions
For AT, PC and PS, sex- and age-specific normal reference ranges can be useful, in order to better discriminate true carriers of a natural anticoagulant deficiency. 相似文献16.
Cristin D. Runfola Laura M. Thornton Emily M. Pisetsky Cynthia M. Bulik Andreas Birgegård 《Comprehensive psychiatry》2014
Objective
Using a prospective design, to examine the relation between self-image (assessed using the Structural Analysis of Social Behavior) and suicide attempts/completions in women with anorexia nervosa-restricting type (ANR), anorexia nervosa-binge/purge type (ANBP), bulimia nervosa (BN), binge eating disorder (BED), and eating disorder not otherwise specified (EDNOS); and to assess whether these self-image variables add unique predictive value to suicide when considering other baseline predictors.Method
Women (N = 2269) aged 12 to 45 (M = 22.1) presenting to specialist eating disorders clinics in Sweden between 2005 and 2009 were identified through the Stepwise Eating Disorders Quality Register. Data on age, body mass index, eating disorder severity (Eating Disorder Examination-Questionnaire scores), psychiatric comorbidity, global assessment of functioning, and self-image were abstracted from Stepwise and included as baseline predictors or covariates. Suicide information (prior attempt and attempt/completion after Stepwise registration) was obtained from the National Patient Register and Cause of Death Register.Results
Prevalence of detected suicide attempts/completions over the study period was 9.2%. Negative self-image variables were associated with prior suicide attempts in ANR and EDNOS and later suicide attempts/completions in women with BN. In a stepwise Cox proportional hazards model, only low self-affirmation predicted time to suicide attempts/completions in women with BN when accounting for age and prior suicide attempt.Conclusion
Assessing self-image might assist with identifying women with BN at elevated risk for suicide. 相似文献17.
Objective
The aims of this study were to compare weight-based attitudes in obese Latino adults with and without binge eating disorder (BED) and to examine whether these attitudes are related to indices of eating disorder psychopathology and psychological functioning.Method
Participants were a consecutive series of 79 monolingual Spanish-speaking-only obese Latinos (65 female, 14 male) participating in a randomized placebo-controlled trial performed at a Hispanic community mental health center. Participants were categorized as meeting the criteria for BED (n = 40) or obese non–binge-eating controls (n = 39) based on diagnostic and semistructured interviews administered by fully bilingual research clinicians trained specifically for this study.Results
Analyses revealed that negative attitudes toward obesity did not differ significantly between the BED and non–binge-eating groups nor were they correlated with the intensity of eating disorder psychopathology (eg, levels of weight and shape concerns). Overall, the levels of negative attitudes toward obesity in this Latino/Latina group are similar to those reported previously for samples of English-speaking primarily white obese persons.Discussion
These findings suggest that it may be obesity per se—rather than eating disorder psychopathology or body image—that heightens vulnerability to negative weight-based attitudes. 相似文献18.
Blomquist KK Milsom VA Barnes RD Boeka AG White MA Masheb RM Grilo CM 《Comprehensive psychiatry》2012,53(7):1021-1027
Metabolic syndrome (MetSyn), characterized by vascular symptoms, is strongly correlated with obesity, weight-related medical diseases, and mortality and has increased commensurately with secular increases in obesity in the United States. Little is known about the distribution of MetSyn in obese patients with binge eating disorder (BED) or its associations with different developmental trajectories of dieting, binge eating, and obesity problems. Furthermore, inconsistencies in the limited data necessitate elucidation. This study examined the frequency and correlates of MetSyn in a consecutive series of 148 treatment-seeking obese men and women with BED assessed with structured clinical interviews. Almost half of the participants met the criteria for MetSyn. Participants with MetSyn did not differ from those without MetSyn on demographic variables or disordered eating psychopathology. However, our findings suggest that MetSyn is associated with a distinct developmental trajectory, specifically a later age at BED onset and shorter BED duration. Although the findings from this study shed some light on MetSyn and its associations with developmental trajectories of eating and weight-related behaviors, notable inconsistencies characterize the limited literature. Prospective studies are needed to examine causal connections in the development of the MetSyn in relation to disordered eating in addition to excess weight. 相似文献
19.
Paul E. Jenkins Renee Rienecke Hoste Angela Celio Doyle Kamryn Eddy Ross D. Crosby Laura Hill Pauline Powers James E. Mitchell Daniel Le Grange 《Journal of psychosomatic research》2014
Objective
Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) is an emerging area of research in eating disorders (EDs) that has not been examined in adolescents in detail. The aim of the current study is to investigate HRQoL in an adolescent ED sample, examining the impact of ED symptoms on HRQoL.Methods
Sixty-seven treatment-seeking adolescents (57 females) with anorexia nervosa (AN), bulimia nervosa (BN), or eating disorder not otherwise specified (EDNOS) completed self-report measures of HRQoL and ED symptoms.Results
Participants reported poorer HRQoL in mental health domains than in physical health domains. Disordered attitudes, binge eating, and compensatory behaviors were associated with poorer mental health HRQoL, and body dissatisfaction was associated with poorer physical health HRQoL.Conclusion
The current study assessed HRQoL among adolescents with EDs, finding several consistencies with the literature on adults with EDs. Future research should compare adolescents and adults with EDs on HRQoL. 相似文献20.