甲状腺显像在分化型甲状腺癌术后131I首次清除剩余甲状腺治疗中的价值

目的:探讨甲状腺显像在分化型甲状腺癌术后131I 首次清除剩余甲状腺(以下简称清甲)治疗中的价值.方法:将142 例甲状腺癌手术后患者分为实验组86 例和常规组56 例.实验组根据甲状腺显像结果给予不同的131I 剂量,常规组固定给予80 Mci 131I 进行清甲治疗.通过分析评价甲状腺显像在分化型甲状腺癌术后131I 清甲治疗中的价值.结果:(1) 实验组131I 清甲完全清除率为81.4%,常规组清甲完全清除率为57.1%,实验组清甲效果好于常规组(P ＜ 0.05).而实验组所用平均131I 剂量、住院费用均与常规组无明显差异(P ＞ 0.05).(2)手术后未用甲状腺片替代治疗早期进行131I 清甲的清除率为83.3%高于晚期清除率47.8%(P ＜ 0.01).结论:(1)甲状腺显像在分化型甲状腺癌术后进行131I 清甲的治疗中有着重要的价值.(2)手术后越早使用131I 清甲,清甲疗效越好.     

不同剂量碘-131对甲状腺癌术后患者抑癌基因表达、甲状腺激素及染色体畸变的影响

目的 探讨不同剂量碘-131(131I)治疗对甲状腺癌(TC)术后患者抑癌基因表达、甲状腺激素及染色体畸变的影响.方法 回顾性分析120例TC术后首次行131I治疗患者的临床资料,根据131I治疗剂量分为低剂量组48例、中剂量组40例、高剂量组32例.比较3组患者131I治疗后抑癌基因表达、甲状腺激素及染色体畸变的差异.结果 与低剂量组患者比较,中剂量组、高剂量组患者CCNG2、PTEN基因的mRNA、蛋白表达量均升高,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).治疗后,3组患者的促甲状腺激素(TSH)、游离三碘甲腺原氨酸(FT3)、游离甲状腺素(FT4)水平均较治疗前降低,且高剂量组最低,低剂量组最高,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).治疗后7d,3组患者的染色体总畸变率、双着丝粒体及着丝粒环率均高于治疗前,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 高剂量131I可促进TC术后患者抑癌基因表达,降低甲状腺激素水平,不会增高染色体畸变率,在患者耐受情况下可作为131I治疗的理想剂量.     

131I SPECT/CT显像对分化型甲状腺癌术后转移灶的诊断价值

目的:对比131I-WBS与131ISPECT/CT融合显像对分化型甲状腺癌(DTC)术后转移灶的诊断价值.方法:回顾性分析2018年9月-2020年8月于本院核医学科服用治疗剂量131I的280例分化型甲状腺癌患者的临床资料.所有患者均接受131I治疗3 d后行131I-WBS与颈胸SPECT/CT(后根据131I平...     

99mTcO4-唾液腺动态显像在分化型甲状腺癌术后131I治疗中的价值

目的探讨99mTcO-4唾液腺动态显像在分化型甲状腺癌术后131I治疗中的应用价值。方法对73例分化型甲状腺癌术后患者采用131I清甲、131I清灶,并在131I清甲、131I清灶后2h采用维生素C治疗。采用99mTcO-4唾液腺显像仪检测73例患者的131I清甲、131I清灶前1周及131I清甲、131I清灶后3个月左、右腮腺和左、右颌下腺摄取分数(uptake ratio,UR)的水平,131I清甲、131I清灶前1周及131I清甲、131I清灶后3个月维生素C刺激后4min左、右腮腺和左、右颌下腺排泌分数(secretion ratio,SR)的水平。结果与131I清灶前1周比较,73例患者的131I清灶后3个月左、右腮腺和左、右颌下腺UR水平均明显降低(P<0.05或P<0.01);与131I清灶前1周维生素C刺激后4min比较,73例患者的131I清灶后3个月维生素C刺激后4min左、右腮腺和左、右颌下腺SR水平均明显降低(P<0.05或P<0.01)。结论在分化型甲状腺癌术后131I治疗过程中99mTcO-4唾液腺动态显像可以较好地评估唾液腺功能受损情况,对临床治疗具有一定的指导意义。     

甲状腺球蛋白测定和131I-全身显像在综合治疗分化型甲状腺癌随访中的价值

目的:探讨血清甲状腺球蛋白(Tg)和131I-全身显像(131I-WBS)联合检查在分化型甲状腺癌(differentiatedthyroidcarcinoma,DTC)患者手术+131I治疗后随访中的临床价值。方法:55例DTC患者术后3～4周行131I清除残余甲状腺组织治疗(以下简称"清甲"),131I治疗前及随访时用RIA法各测定1次血清Tg,同时口服131I111～185MBq(平均133.8MBq)48h后,和(或)口服治疗剂量131I3.7～5.55GBq(平均4.5GBq)5～7d后做全身显像。结果:24例经临床证实有复发或转移的DTC患者中,11例(45.8%)Tg>10ng/mL,21例(87.5%)131I-WBS阳性,只有8例(33.3%)患者Tg和131I-WBS同时阳性。结论:DTC经手术+131I治疗后,常规进行Tg测定和131I-WBS检查,对尽早发现复发或有无转移、决策131I治疗方案以及评估131I疗效具有重要的临床价值。     

首次~(131)I治疗分化型甲状腺癌对网织红细胞参数的影响

目的探讨首次131I治疗分化型甲状腺癌(DTC)对患者网织红细胞参数的影响。方法选取2012年11月至2013年11月核医学科收治的甲状腺癌患者85例,均已行甲状腺次全切除术或全切术并经病理确诊为DTC,根据患者术后残留甲状腺的体积、有无转移灶、转移部位、转移数目,分别给予131I(2.96⁷.4 GBq)治疗,观察并测定治疗前、治疗后7 d、治疗后3个月患者的红细胞计数(RBC)、网织红细胞绝对值(RET#)、平均网织红细胞体积(MRV)以及网织红细胞成熟度(IRF),了解DTC术后首次131I治疗对患者骨髓可能产生的毒副作用。结果首次131I治疗后7 d,RET#较治疗前下降(P=0.011),RBC、MRV、IRF无统计学差异;首次131I治疗后3个月,RBC、RET#、MRV、IRF均与治疗前无统计学差异(P值分别为0.806、0.579、0.288、0.176)。结论 131I治疗DTC对于网织红细胞的影响小。     

分化型甲状腺癌术后应用~(131)I清除残余甲状腺组织的疗效及影响因素分析

目的探讨分化型甲状腺癌(differentiated thyroid carcinoma,DTC)术后首次~(131)I治疗清除残余甲状腺组织的疗效及相关影响因素。方法回顾性分析行~(131)I治疗的309例DTC患者临床资料,对可能影响~(131)I治疗的相关因素采用单因素分析和logistic回归分析。结果 309例患者~(131)I治疗成功率为76.7%;单因素分析显示治疗前刺激状态下甲状腺球蛋白(stimulating thyroglobulin,sTg)水平、~(131)I治疗剂量及转移情况是~(131)I治疗的影响因素(χ~2=21.833,P0.001;χ~2=7.960,P=0.019;χ~2=186.801,P0.001);二元logistic回归分析显示,首次治疗前sTg水平及术后淋巴结转移和远处转移是影响术后~(131)I疗效的独立影响因素(OR=0.965,P0.001;OR=0.008,P0.001;OR=0.011,P0.001);治疗前sTg预测治疗未成功的AUC为0.678,最佳截断值为6.775μg/L,灵敏度为45.1%,特异度为81.3%,阴性预测值为87.8%。结论首次~(131)I治疗DTC患者术后残存甲状腺组织的疗效确切;治疗前sTg水平、~(131)I治疗剂量及转移情况是疗效的影响因素;sTg水平及转移情况是预测~(131)I疗效的重要指标。     

~(131)I SPECT/CT断层显像技术对分化型甲状腺癌术后肺转移患者诊断准确率的影响

目的:研究~(131)I SPECT/CT断层显像技术对分化型甲状腺癌(DTC)术后肺转移患者诊断准确率的影响。方法:选取我院2013年4月～2017年11月收治的DTC患者60例,均行甲状腺切除术治疗,术后均采用~(131)I SPECT/CT断层及平面显像技术检查是否发生肺转移,以血清甲状腺球蛋白联合胸部CT检查结果作为"金标准",对比~(131)I SPECT/CT两种显像技术的诊灵敏性、特异性及准确率。结果:本组共60例DTC患者,"金标准"结果显示,发生肺转移者46例,未发生肺转移者14例;~(131)I SPECT/CT平面显像技术检查出肺转移28例,~(131)I SPECT/CT断层显像技术检查出肺转移46例;~(131)I SPECT/CT断层显像技术诊断DTC患者术后肺转移的灵敏性100.00%(46/46)、特异性71.43%(10/14)及准确率93.33%(56/60)均高于~(131)I SPECT/CT平面显像技术检测,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:~(131)I SPECT/CT断层显像技术诊断DTC患者术后肺转移的灵敏性、特异性及准确率较高,能有效减少漏诊、误诊,具有较高诊断价值。     

甲状腺癌术后碘-131治疗后腰椎骨密度检测分析

分化型甲状腺癌(DTC)患者术后通常采用131I加甲状腺素治疗,部分患者可治愈,而有广泛转移的患者可延长其生存期。患者每隔半年或1年行1次131I治疗,每次131I治疗前,需停用甲状腺素4～6周。但患者多次停甲状腺素,会出现甲状腺功能减退症(甲减),故本研究对近年收治的甲状腺癌患者进行骨密度(BMD)检测分析,以观察反复多次131I治疗对患者BMD的影响。     

甲状腺癌患者行~(131)I治疗后体外辐射剂量变化研究

目的了解分化型甲状腺癌术后行~(131)I治疗的患者体外辐射剂量变化,探讨患者出院日及临床过程中的辐射防护方法。方法选取分化型甲状腺癌术后进行~(131)I治疗的患者74例,在治疗后24 h、48 h、72 h、96 h,使用放射性核素治疗监护机器人测量距患者颈部及1 m处的体外辐射剂量水平,并与出院参考标准进行比较。结果行~(131)I治疗后24 h、48 h、72 h、96 h,距患者1 m处辐射剂量为270.11(202.46,427.18)、64.02(39.01,101.19)、16.74(10.07,27.69)、5.28(3.41,10.40);行~(131)I治疗后24 h、48 h、72 h、96 h,辐射剂量符合出院要求的患者分别为0例、2例(2.7%)、52例(70.3%)、70例(94.6%)。结论甲状腺癌患者行~(131)I治疗后体外辐射剂量变化差异性较大,建议动态检测患者行~(131)I治疗后1 m处的体外辐射剂量,按照辐射剂量要求执行个体化出院时间。医护人员接触患者时要做好防护,可使用放射性核素治疗监护机器人完成部分工作。     

Determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum using immunological inhibition of creatine kinase M subunit activity. Activity kinetics and diagnostic significance in myocardial infarction.

This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.     

Dissociable correlates of two classes of retrieval processing in prefrontal cortex

Although substantial evidence suggests that the prefrontal cortex (PFC) implements processes that are critical for accurate episodic memory judgments, the specific roles of different PFC subregions remain unclear. Here, we used event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging to distinguish between prefrontal activity related to operations that (1) influence processing of retrieval cues based on current task demands, or (2) are involved in monitoring the outputs of retrieval. Fourteen participants studied auditory words spoken by a male or female speaker and completed memory tests in which the stimuli were unstudied foil words and studied words spoken by either the same speaker at study, or the alternate speaker. On "general" test trials, participants were to determine whether each word was studied, regardless of the voice of the speaker, whereas on "specific" test trials, participants were to additionally distinguish between studied words that were spoken in the same voice or a different voice at study. Thus, on specific test trials, participants were explicitly required to attend to voice information in order to evaluate each test item. Anterior (right BA 10), dorsolateral prefrontal (right BA 46), and inferior frontal (bilateral BA 47/12) regions were more active during specific than during general trials. Activation in anterior and dorsolateral PFC was enhanced during specific test trials even in response to unstudied items, suggesting that activation in these regions was related to the differential processing of retrieval cues in the two tasks. In contrast, differences between specific and general test trials in inferior frontal regions (bilateral BA 47/12) were seen only for studied items, suggesting a role for these regions in post-retrieval monitoring processes. Results from this study are consistent with the idea that different PFC subregions implement distinct, but complementary processes that collectively support accurate episodic memory judgments.     

俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者氧合的影响

目的 探讨俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张术(RM)治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者的治疗作用.方法 从海拔2260m的地区医院筛选RM治疗无效的41例ARDS患者[平均氧合指数( PaO2/FiO2)较RM前升高＜20％视为RM无效],依不同病因分为肺内源性ARDS组(ARDSp组)和肺外源性ARDS组(ARDSexp组),每组再按信封法随机分为俯卧位组和仰卧位组,即ARDSp俯卧位组(11例)、ARDSp仰卧位组(9例)、ARDSexp俯卧位组(10例)、ARDSexp仰卧位组(11例).在通气前及通气1、2、3、4h监测动脉血氧分压( PaO2)、PaO2/FiO2、静态顺应性(Cst)、气道阻力(Raw)的变化.结果 通气lh时,ARDSexp俯卧位组PaO2/FiO2( mm Hg,l mm Hg=0.133 kPa)即较通气前显著升高(157.4±40.6比129.3±48.7,P＜0.05),并随通气时间延长呈持续增高趋势,4h达峰值(219.1 ±41.1);且ARDSexp俯卧位组通气3h内PaO2/FiO2较其他3组显著增高,另3组间则差异无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组、ARDSexp俯卧位组通气4h时PaO2/FiO2均较相应仰卧位组显著增高(208.8±39.7比127.4±47.1,219.1±41.1比124.9±50.8,均P＜0.05).4组通气前后Cst无显著改变,各组间差异也无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组通气4h时Raw(cmH2O·L-1·s-1)较通气前显著降低(6.8±1.7比10.7±1.8,P＜0.05),且明显低于其他3组;其他3组各时间点Raw组内及组间比较差异均无统计学意义.结论 俯卧位通气作为ARDS机械通气重要策略之一,可以改善RM无效高原ARDS患者的氧合,为抢救患者赢得宝贵的时间.     

Digital imaging among medical facilities

The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) in the USA operates a network of 172 medical centres which all utilize a hospital information system (HIS) which has been developed and is currently maintained by the VA. During the past several years, an image management and communication module has been developed, installed and clinically utilized at the Washington DC and Maryland VA Medical Centres. This image management and communication system, referred to as the decentralized hospital computer program (DHCP) imaging system, is fully integrated with a commercial picture archiving and communication system (PACS). The system is utilized to capture, archive, and display all images generated within the hospital including radiology, nuclear medicine, pathology, endoscopy, bronchoscopy, and dermatology, intraoperative photographs, ECG data, and a limited number of paper documents. The ultimate goal of the project is to have all patient text and image data available at any clinical workstation to any authorized user anywhere within the network of medical centres. Clinical requirements for an imaging workstation include ease of use, rapid and reliable access to the complete set of patient information, and images which are of acceptable quality to meet the requirements of the user and the subspecialty. Patient confidentiality and data security must be safeguarded at all times. Integration of the images with the remainder of the patient's database was found to be critical to the success of the project. The experience at the Washington and Maryland facilities suggests that an imaging system that is successfully integrated with a hospital information system can provide substantial clinical and economic benefits both within and among medical centres. Clinical acceptance and utilization of the system has been excellent, particularly in diagnostic radiology where DHCP Imaging has been interfaced to a commercial PAC system. Based upon this initial experience, the VA has begun to deploy the system throughout its large network of medical centres.     

Myocardial elastography at both high temporal and spatial resolution for the detection of infarcts

Myocardial elastography is a novel method for noninvasively assessing regional myocardial function, with the advantages of high spatial and temporal resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this paper, in-vivo experiments were performed in anesthetized normal and infarcted mice (one day after left anterior descending coronary artery [LAD] ligation) using a high-resolution (30 MHz) ultrasound system (Vevo 770, VisualSonics Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada). Radiofrequency (RF) signals of the left ventricle (LV) in longitudinal (long-axis) view and the associated electrocardiogram (ECG) were simultaneously acquired. Using a retrospective ECG gating technique, 2-D full field-of-view RF frames were acquired at an extremely high frame rate (8 kHz) that resulted in high-quality incremental displacement and strain estimation of the myocardium. The incremental results were further accumulated to obtain the cumulative displacements and strains. Two-dimensional and M-mode displacement images and strain images (elastograms), as well as displacement and strain profiles as a function of time, were compared between normal and infarcted mice. Incremental results clearly depicted cardiac events including LV contraction, LV relaxation and isovolumetric phases in both normal and infarcted mice, and also evidently indicated reduced motion and deformation in the infarcted myocardium. The elastograms indicated that the infarcted regions underwent thinning during systole rather than thickening, as in the normal case. The cumulative elastograms were found to have higher elastographic SNR (SNR(e)) than the incremental elastograms (e.g., 10.6 vs. 4.7 in a normal myocardium, and 6.0 vs. 2.4 in an infarcted myocardium). Finally, preliminary statistical results from nine normal (m = 9) and seven infarcted (n = 7) mice indicated the capability of the cumulative strain in differentiating infracted from normal myocardia. In conclusion, myocardial elastography could provide regional strain information at simultaneously high temporal (>/=0.125 ms) and spatial ( approximately 55 microm) resolution as well as high precision ( approximately 0.05 microm displacement). This technique was thus capable of accurately characterizing normal myocardial function throughout an entire cardiac cycle, at the same high resolution, and detecting and localizing myocardial infarction in vivo.     

手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局临床分析

目的 探讨手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局.方法 选择2008年1月至2010年12月于我院住院分娩的持续性枕横位、枕后位产妇198例,根据行手转胎头术后结果分为成功组126例、失败组72例.比较两组分娩结局,对比分析失败原因.结果 失败组胎儿体质量≥3500 g的发生率[76.4％(55/72)]明显高于成功组[31.7％(40/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=30.177,P=0.001)、失败组宫缩乏力发生率[58.3％(42/72)]高于成功组[38.1％ (48/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=7.569,P=0.006)、失败组骨盆临界或轻度狭窄发生率[38.9％ (28/72)]高于成功组[23.8％(30/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2 =5.030,P=0.002)、失败组手转胎头时机不当(宫口开大＜6 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘上及宫口开大8～10 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘下≥2 cm)发生率[61.1％(44/72)]高于成功组[38.9％(49/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=9.084,P=0.003).失败组母儿并发症(产后出血、产褥病率、胎儿窘迫、新生儿窒息)发生率高于成功组(x2 =9.586,P=0.002、x2=9.334,P=0.002、x2=5.910,P=0.015、x2=5.240,P=0.022)、失败组剖宫产发生率[72.2％(52/72)]明显高于成功组[34.1 ％(43/126),x2=26.641,P=0.001)].结论 手转胎头术能使难产变顺产,降低剖宫产率,减少母儿并发症,但须积极预防、处理导致手转胎头术失败的原因,对矫正失败后继续矫正及试产应慎重.